This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2012).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A13-2299
Bank of America, N.A., as successor by merger to BAC Home Loans Servicing, L. P., Respondent,
vs.
Cheryl Smith, et al., Appellants.
Filed August 4, 2014 Affirmed Schellhas, Judge
Anoka County District Court File No. 02-CV-13-4750
Orin J. Kipp, Wilford Geske & Cook, P.A., Woodbury, Minnesota (for respondent)
William B. Butler, Butler Liberty Law, LLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for appellants)
Considered and decided by Schellhas, Presiding Judge; Connolly, Judge; and
Willis, Judge.*
* Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
SCHELLHAS, Judge
In this eviction action, appellant challenges the district court’s grant of summary
judgment to respondent. We affirm.
FACTS
This appeal involves property located at 10599 Sanctuary Drive Northeast, Blaine,
Minnesota 55449-5383 (the property). On August 29, 2013, process servers mailed an
eviction summons and an eviction complaint to the property, which was the last known
address of appellants Cheryl Smith Jr., Joseph Smith Jr., John Doe, and Mary Rowe, and
posted the summons and complaint on the property premises. In the complaint,
respondent Bank of America, N.A., demanded judgment against Smiths, Doe, and Rowe
for restitution of the property. The bank alleged that it was the successor by merger of
BAC Home Loans Servicing, LP; the property was properly sold at a July 18, 2011
sheriff’s sale, based on a mortgage foreclosure; the six-month redemption period expired
without redemption; it was the property’s fee owner; Smiths, Doe, and Rowe remained in
possession of the property, even though the bank was entitled to possession of it; and the
bank complied with Minn. Stat. § 504B.181 (2012) “by actual knowledge of [Smiths,
Doe, and Rowe].” Smiths, Doe, and Rowe answered, alleging in part, “Because the
foreclosure is void, [the bank] lacks legal standing and/or the legal capacity to bring this
action.”
2 The bank moved for summary judgment and argued that Smiths, Doe, and Rowe
“failed to assert a relevant defense to [the bank]’s Complaint that is admissible in this
matter.” The district court conducted a hearing; granted the bank’s motion; granted the
bank a writ of recovery of the property; and ordered Smiths, Rowe, and Doe to vacate the
property within seven days.
This appeal follows.
DECISION
“On appeal from a grant of summary judgment, [appellate courts] determine
whether any genuine issues of material fact exist and whether the district court erred in its
application of the law. We construe the facts in the light most favorable to the party
against whom summary judgment was granted . . . .” Minn. Laborers Health & Welfare
Fund v. Granite Re, Inc., 844 N.W.2d 509, 513 (Minn. 2014) (citation omitted). Smiths,
Doe, and Rowe challenge the district court’s grant of summary judgment to the bank,
arguing that genuine issues of material fact exist as to whether the bank had standing to
commence the eviction action and whether it had any right, title, or interest in the
property. Their arguments are unpersuasive.
An eviction proceeding is “a summary court proceeding to remove a[n] . . .
occupant from or otherwise recover possession of real property,” Minn. Stat. § 504B.001,
subd. 4 (2012), and is “intended to adjudicate only the limited question of present
possessory rights to the property,” Deutsche Bank Nat’l Trust Co. v. Hanson, 841
N.W.2d 161, 164 (Minn. App. 2014). See State v. Spence, 768 N.W.2d 104, 109 (Minn.
2009) (“An unlawful detainer action merely determines the right to present possession
3 and does not adjudicate the ultimate legal or equitable rights of ownership possessed by
the parties.” (quotation omitted)); Real Estate Equity Strategies, LLC v. Jones, 720
N.W.2d 352, 357 (Minn. App. 2006) (similar).
“[A]n objection to want of standing goes to the existence of a cause of action, is
jurisdictional, and may be raised at any time.” Marine Credit Union v. Detlefson-Delano,
830 N.W.2d 859, 864 n.3 (Minn. 2013) (quotation omitted). “A plaintiff may have
standing in two ways: either the plaintiff has suffered some ‘injury-in-fact’ or the plaintiff
is the beneficiary of some legislative enactment granting standing.” Gretsch v. Vantium
Capital, Inc., 846 N.W.2d 424, 429 (Minn. 2014). For example, the supreme court
concluded in League of Women Voters Minn. v. Ritchie that Minn. Stat. § 204B.44 (2010)
“constitute[d] a legislative grant of standing” because it provided that “[a]ny individual
may file a petition in the manner provided in this section for the correction of any of the
following errors, omissions, or wrongful acts which have occurred or are about to occur.”
819 N.W.2d 636, 645 n.7 (Minn. 2012).
Here, the bank had standing to commence this eviction action under Minn. Stat.
§ 504B.285, subd. 1(1)(ii) (2012). Section 504B.285, subdivision 1(1)(ii), provides that
“[t]he person entitled to the premises may recover possession by eviction when: . . . any
person holds over real property: . . . after the expiration of the time for redemption on
foreclosure of a mortgage.” The bank is entitled to possession of the premises because it
is a successor by merger of BAC Home Loans. A sheriff’s certificate of sale indicates
that the property’s mortgagee was Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc.
(MERS); MERS assigned the mortgage to BAC Home Loans; and BAC Home Loans
4 purchased the property at the July 18, 2011 sheriff’s sale. See Minn. Stat. §§ 580.12
(providing that a properly recorded certificate of sale “operate[s] as a conveyance to the
purchaser or the purchaser’s assignee of all the right, title, and interest of the mortgagor
in and to the premises named therein at the date of such mortgage”), .19 (“Every sheriff’s
certificate of sale made under a power to sell contained in a mortgage shall be prima facie
evidence that all the requirements of law in that behalf have been complied with, and
prima facie evidence of title in fee thereunder in the purchaser at such sale, the
purchaser’s heirs or assigns, after the time for redemption therefrom has expired.”)
(2012). Smiths, Doe, and Rowe continued to possess the property, although the
redemption period expired six months after the July 2011 sheriff’s sale, about 19 months
before the bank commenced this eviction action.
In district court, Smiths, Doe, and Rowe asked the district court to take judicial
notice of “facts governing the legal ownership of this loan and affecting the validity of
this foreclosure” under Minn. R. Evid. 201. They seem to argue now that the district
court erred by not granting their judicial-notice request, but they did not file their request
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2012).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A13-2299
Bank of America, N.A., as successor by merger to BAC Home Loans Servicing, L. P., Respondent,
vs.
Cheryl Smith, et al., Appellants.
Filed August 4, 2014 Affirmed Schellhas, Judge
Anoka County District Court File No. 02-CV-13-4750
Orin J. Kipp, Wilford Geske & Cook, P.A., Woodbury, Minnesota (for respondent)
William B. Butler, Butler Liberty Law, LLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for appellants)
Considered and decided by Schellhas, Presiding Judge; Connolly, Judge; and
Willis, Judge.*
* Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
SCHELLHAS, Judge
In this eviction action, appellant challenges the district court’s grant of summary
judgment to respondent. We affirm.
FACTS
This appeal involves property located at 10599 Sanctuary Drive Northeast, Blaine,
Minnesota 55449-5383 (the property). On August 29, 2013, process servers mailed an
eviction summons and an eviction complaint to the property, which was the last known
address of appellants Cheryl Smith Jr., Joseph Smith Jr., John Doe, and Mary Rowe, and
posted the summons and complaint on the property premises. In the complaint,
respondent Bank of America, N.A., demanded judgment against Smiths, Doe, and Rowe
for restitution of the property. The bank alleged that it was the successor by merger of
BAC Home Loans Servicing, LP; the property was properly sold at a July 18, 2011
sheriff’s sale, based on a mortgage foreclosure; the six-month redemption period expired
without redemption; it was the property’s fee owner; Smiths, Doe, and Rowe remained in
possession of the property, even though the bank was entitled to possession of it; and the
bank complied with Minn. Stat. § 504B.181 (2012) “by actual knowledge of [Smiths,
Doe, and Rowe].” Smiths, Doe, and Rowe answered, alleging in part, “Because the
foreclosure is void, [the bank] lacks legal standing and/or the legal capacity to bring this
action.”
2 The bank moved for summary judgment and argued that Smiths, Doe, and Rowe
“failed to assert a relevant defense to [the bank]’s Complaint that is admissible in this
matter.” The district court conducted a hearing; granted the bank’s motion; granted the
bank a writ of recovery of the property; and ordered Smiths, Rowe, and Doe to vacate the
property within seven days.
This appeal follows.
DECISION
“On appeal from a grant of summary judgment, [appellate courts] determine
whether any genuine issues of material fact exist and whether the district court erred in its
application of the law. We construe the facts in the light most favorable to the party
against whom summary judgment was granted . . . .” Minn. Laborers Health & Welfare
Fund v. Granite Re, Inc., 844 N.W.2d 509, 513 (Minn. 2014) (citation omitted). Smiths,
Doe, and Rowe challenge the district court’s grant of summary judgment to the bank,
arguing that genuine issues of material fact exist as to whether the bank had standing to
commence the eviction action and whether it had any right, title, or interest in the
property. Their arguments are unpersuasive.
An eviction proceeding is “a summary court proceeding to remove a[n] . . .
occupant from or otherwise recover possession of real property,” Minn. Stat. § 504B.001,
subd. 4 (2012), and is “intended to adjudicate only the limited question of present
possessory rights to the property,” Deutsche Bank Nat’l Trust Co. v. Hanson, 841
N.W.2d 161, 164 (Minn. App. 2014). See State v. Spence, 768 N.W.2d 104, 109 (Minn.
2009) (“An unlawful detainer action merely determines the right to present possession
3 and does not adjudicate the ultimate legal or equitable rights of ownership possessed by
the parties.” (quotation omitted)); Real Estate Equity Strategies, LLC v. Jones, 720
N.W.2d 352, 357 (Minn. App. 2006) (similar).
“[A]n objection to want of standing goes to the existence of a cause of action, is
jurisdictional, and may be raised at any time.” Marine Credit Union v. Detlefson-Delano,
830 N.W.2d 859, 864 n.3 (Minn. 2013) (quotation omitted). “A plaintiff may have
standing in two ways: either the plaintiff has suffered some ‘injury-in-fact’ or the plaintiff
is the beneficiary of some legislative enactment granting standing.” Gretsch v. Vantium
Capital, Inc., 846 N.W.2d 424, 429 (Minn. 2014). For example, the supreme court
concluded in League of Women Voters Minn. v. Ritchie that Minn. Stat. § 204B.44 (2010)
“constitute[d] a legislative grant of standing” because it provided that “[a]ny individual
may file a petition in the manner provided in this section for the correction of any of the
following errors, omissions, or wrongful acts which have occurred or are about to occur.”
819 N.W.2d 636, 645 n.7 (Minn. 2012).
Here, the bank had standing to commence this eviction action under Minn. Stat.
§ 504B.285, subd. 1(1)(ii) (2012). Section 504B.285, subdivision 1(1)(ii), provides that
“[t]he person entitled to the premises may recover possession by eviction when: . . . any
person holds over real property: . . . after the expiration of the time for redemption on
foreclosure of a mortgage.” The bank is entitled to possession of the premises because it
is a successor by merger of BAC Home Loans. A sheriff’s certificate of sale indicates
that the property’s mortgagee was Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc.
(MERS); MERS assigned the mortgage to BAC Home Loans; and BAC Home Loans
4 purchased the property at the July 18, 2011 sheriff’s sale. See Minn. Stat. §§ 580.12
(providing that a properly recorded certificate of sale “operate[s] as a conveyance to the
purchaser or the purchaser’s assignee of all the right, title, and interest of the mortgagor
in and to the premises named therein at the date of such mortgage”), .19 (“Every sheriff’s
certificate of sale made under a power to sell contained in a mortgage shall be prima facie
evidence that all the requirements of law in that behalf have been complied with, and
prima facie evidence of title in fee thereunder in the purchaser at such sale, the
purchaser’s heirs or assigns, after the time for redemption therefrom has expired.”)
(2012). Smiths, Doe, and Rowe continued to possess the property, although the
redemption period expired six months after the July 2011 sheriff’s sale, about 19 months
before the bank commenced this eviction action.
In district court, Smiths, Doe, and Rowe asked the district court to take judicial
notice of “facts governing the legal ownership of this loan and affecting the validity of
this foreclosure” under Minn. R. Evid. 201. They seem to argue now that the district
court erred by not granting their judicial-notice request, but they did not file their request
with the district court until December 18, 2013, two days after they noticed this appeal.
Their request therefore is outside the record on appeal and not properly before this court.
See Minn. R. Civ. App. P. 110.01 (“The papers filed in the trial court, the exhibits, and
the transcript of the proceedings, if any, shall constitute the record on appeal in all
cases.”); Thomas v. Fey, 405 N.W.2d 450, 454 (Minn. App. 1987) (concluding that an
affidavit was “not part of the record on appeal and may not be considered,” reasoning in
5 part that county did not “come forward” with the affidavit until “three weeks after notice
of appeal”).
Smiths, Doe, and Rowe argue, “Comparing the recorded foreclosure record to the
terms of the Bafc Stalt 2005-1F Trust, it is clear that no foreclosure occurred and that the
of-record foreclosure is patently fraudulent.” They also argue that no genuine issue of
material facts exists about “whether a foreclosure occurred and as to whether [the bank]
has any right, title or interest in the property.” But the sheriff’s certificate of sale is
“prima facie evidence that all the requirements of law in that behalf have been complied
with, and prima facie evidence of title in fee thereunder in the purchaser at such sale, the
purchaser’s heirs or assigns.” Minn. Stat. § 580.19. And permitting Smiths, Doe, and
Rowe to avoid the summary nature of eviction proceedings is unwarranted because they
provide no reason why they could not challenge the underlying foreclosure in a separate
district court proceeding. See Amresco Residential Mortg. Corp. v. Stange, 631 N.W.2d
444, 444–46 (Minn. App. 2001) (affirming dismissal of counterclaims “related to the
underlying mortgage foreclosure” because appellants could “raise their counterclaims and
equitable defenses directly in [a] separate, district court proceeding” and, consequently,
“there [was] no evident reason to interfere with the summary nature of eviction
proceedings”), relied on in Fraser v. Fraser, 642 N.W.2d 34, 40–41 (Minn. App. 2002)
(“[T]o the extent wife has the ability to litigate her equitable mortgage and other claims
and defenses in alternate civil proceedings, it would be inappropriate for her to seek to do
so in the eviction action.”); see also Deutsche Bank, 841 N.W.2d at 165 (“We are not
6 persuaded by the Hansons’ argument that Deutsche Bank cannot show that it is entitled to
a writ of recovery without establishing the validity of the foreclosed mortgage.”).1
Affirmed.
1 Smiths, Doe, and Rowe ask this court to judicially notice the same “facts” that they asked the district court to judicially notice. We decline. “Judicial notice may be taken at any stage of the proceeding,” Minn. R. Evid. 201(f), including on appeal, see Smisek v. Comm’r of Pub. Safety, 400 N.W.2d 766, 768 (Minn. App. 1987) (taking judicial notice). But the facts of which Smiths, Doe, and Rowe request judicial notice are already in the record or irrelevant to the eviction proceeding. See Amresco, 631 N.W.2d at 445–46; cf. Cravens v. Smith, 610 F.3d 1019, 1029 (8th Cir. 2010) (“[A] court may properly decline to take judicial notice of documents that are irrelevant to the resolution of a case.”). They ask this court to judicially notice the “fact[]” that a mortgage assignment to the bank “is void.” But whether the assignment is void is a legal, not factual, matter and, therefore, not the proper subject of judicial notice, which pertains to “adjudicative facts.” Minn. R. Evid. 201(a); cf. Gores v. Schultz, 777 N.W.2d 522, 525 (Minn. App. 2009) (“Whether a mortgagee can assert that a competing mortgage is void under section 507.02 requires construction of the statute. Construction of a statute is a question of law . . . .”), review denied (Minn. Mar. 16, 2010).