Wright, J.
— The court instructed tbe jury substantially as follows:
1. That tbe resolutions of tbe board maybe considered to determine wbat tbe parties regarded plaintiff’s services reasonably worth.
2. If plaintiff performed tbe service at defendant’s instance, he is entitled to recover for tbe value of tbe same, as shown by tbe evidence.
3. It was competent for the board to employ plaintiff to perform such services for tbe use of tbe county.
é. The board could not make tbe contract set out in tbe resolutions; but they are proper evidence to show that tbe services, if any, were performed at tbe instance of defendant.
5. Plaintiff cannot recover on tbe contract set out in said resolutions. So far as they fix bis compensation they are void, except as they tend to show bow valuable or otherwise bis services were expected to be worth, and wbat they were reasonably worth.
6. If plaintiff at the instance of defendant rendered services and incurred expense connected with these swamp lands, in making lists, taking proofs and the like, then the jury will say7 wbat, under tbe circumstances, is a reasonable compensation for tbe same. In determining this question it would be competent to look beymnd tbe mere amount of expenses incurred, or tbe time be was employed in making lists, taking proofs and tbe like, and to consider what skill and experience be possessed in matters of this kind, as also the value of tbe results of his labor, services and skill, and the further fact (if it [151]*151exists) that, if his services were not successful, he was to have nothing. Other instructions were given, as also some asked by defendant, refused. The foregoing will, however, be sufficient to indicate the law- of the case as held by the court below.
It will be observed that plaintiff seeks to recover for the reasonable value of his services, not the contract value. And by these instructions, the jury were expressly told that- the board had no power to make the contract set out in the resolutions. Thus far, therefore, there is no disagreement between the parties. For the plaintiff claims, not the value of his services as fixed by the contract, but what is reasonable. And the court having said that there was no power on the part of the supervisors to make such an agreement, defendant could, if there was nothing more in the case, not complain. But just here the disagreement commences, and it is upon other grounds that the reversal is asked.
It is insisted, that the board had no power to employ plaintiff to perform any of the services contemplated by these resolutions, that these proofs could only be attended to, either in their preperation at home, or the presentation and prosecution of the claims at Washington, by a State agent, or if not by one appointed directly and solely by the executive of the State, under the act of 1862, chapter 160, then by one nominated by the board to the governor, and appointed by him for the purpose of expediting the settlement of the claims of the county, as contemplated, by section 13, of the same act. Plaintiff', it is clear, was not thus acting. For though the board in November, 1864, passed a resolution recommending him to the governor as a suitable State agent, there was no recommendation that he should be appointed special agent to settle the claims of the county. Nor was he ever thus appointed by the governor. It is true, however, that he [152]*152was appointed State agent, and received compensation for liis services as such.
1. Swamp lands: county agents: act of 1862. Upon this state of facts our opinion is, that it was competent for the board to employ plaintiff to take and prePare ^Ie P1’00^ but that there was no power t° engage him to secure the allowance of this claim of the county at Washington. The law contemplates that this business at the federal departments is to be transacted by State agents — those appointed by the governor, whether they are general or acting specially for a county, and we understand it is only these agents who are recognized at Washington. See §§ 1, 2, 7, 12 and 13 of ch. 160, Laws of 1862. The general land office, in all transactions relating to these lands, treats alone with State agents. There, a county agent is not known, and the statute nowhere gives to the counties the power to appoint county agents for this purpose. Indeed, it would be worse than useless to make such appointments, or employ agents for this purpose, as they could not be heard, — could accomplish no good.
On the other hand, however, for the home work, such as hupting up witnesses, taking testimony, establishing by proper proofs the swampy character of the lands, we think the board could employ any one deemed competent, and provide for his compensation. The law does not contemplate that these proofs are necessarily to-be taken or prepared by a State agent alone. Iiis duties are rather to make settlements with the commissioner at Washington, it being left to the counties to collect and forward the proper proofs, and as it would be competent to employ and compensate a notary or any other officer authorized to administer oaths, for such services, or for taking testimony, so the proper county authorities could contract with any one to do all this work and provide for his compensation, not by giving him a portion of the [153]*153lands or scrip, but such per diem or otherwise as might be agreed upon. In the absence of agreement lie would he entitled to pay for what his services would be reasonably worth. The law nowhere fixes the' compensation of persons thus employed. The provisions of sections 11 and 12 of the act, as to per diem, relate to agents appointed by the State or by the supervisors to receive the money due the county from the State treasury.
And now, having said this much, we are prepared to consider the instructions given to the jury. It will be observed that the resolutions passed by the board contemplate that plaintiff was not only to take the proofs, hut procure the allowance of the claims of the county by the authorities at Washington. And that the jury were permitted to compensate him for his work before this department, or for procuring the allowance of said claims, it seems to ns no one can doubt.
The pleader evidently contemplated the right of the plaintiff to this compensation. The resolutions are clearly based upon this idea. The instructions either recognize the right in terms, or, what would be equally fatal, fail to so put the ease to the jury as to prevent such recovery. When they were told that the resolution conld be considered to determine “what the parties' regarded the services reasonably worth” ; that, “ if the services were performed at defendant’s request,” etc.; that “ it was competent for the board to emplo}’' plaintiff to perform such services for the county ”; that, “ if plaintiff rendered services and examined persons connected with these lands, or in making lists, taking proofs and the like,” and that it was competent to consider “ the results of his labors,” — we say with all these instructions before them, the jury could not possibly have had any other thought or belief than that plaintiff, if entitled to recover, was to be compensated as well for his labor at Washington as for [154]*154procuring proofs, etc., at home.
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Wright, J.
— The court instructed tbe jury substantially as follows:
1. That tbe resolutions of tbe board maybe considered to determine wbat tbe parties regarded plaintiff’s services reasonably worth.
2. If plaintiff performed tbe service at defendant’s instance, he is entitled to recover for tbe value of tbe same, as shown by tbe evidence.
3. It was competent for the board to employ plaintiff to perform such services for tbe use of tbe county.
é. The board could not make tbe contract set out in tbe resolutions; but they are proper evidence to show that tbe services, if any, were performed at tbe instance of defendant.
5. Plaintiff cannot recover on tbe contract set out in said resolutions. So far as they fix bis compensation they are void, except as they tend to show bow valuable or otherwise bis services were expected to be worth, and wbat they were reasonably worth.
6. If plaintiff at the instance of defendant rendered services and incurred expense connected with these swamp lands, in making lists, taking proofs and the like, then the jury will say7 wbat, under tbe circumstances, is a reasonable compensation for tbe same. In determining this question it would be competent to look beymnd tbe mere amount of expenses incurred, or tbe time be was employed in making lists, taking proofs and tbe like, and to consider what skill and experience be possessed in matters of this kind, as also the value of tbe results of his labor, services and skill, and the further fact (if it [151]*151exists) that, if his services were not successful, he was to have nothing. Other instructions were given, as also some asked by defendant, refused. The foregoing will, however, be sufficient to indicate the law- of the case as held by the court below.
It will be observed that plaintiff seeks to recover for the reasonable value of his services, not the contract value. And by these instructions, the jury were expressly told that- the board had no power to make the contract set out in the resolutions. Thus far, therefore, there is no disagreement between the parties. For the plaintiff claims, not the value of his services as fixed by the contract, but what is reasonable. And the court having said that there was no power on the part of the supervisors to make such an agreement, defendant could, if there was nothing more in the case, not complain. But just here the disagreement commences, and it is upon other grounds that the reversal is asked.
It is insisted, that the board had no power to employ plaintiff to perform any of the services contemplated by these resolutions, that these proofs could only be attended to, either in their preperation at home, or the presentation and prosecution of the claims at Washington, by a State agent, or if not by one appointed directly and solely by the executive of the State, under the act of 1862, chapter 160, then by one nominated by the board to the governor, and appointed by him for the purpose of expediting the settlement of the claims of the county, as contemplated, by section 13, of the same act. Plaintiff', it is clear, was not thus acting. For though the board in November, 1864, passed a resolution recommending him to the governor as a suitable State agent, there was no recommendation that he should be appointed special agent to settle the claims of the county. Nor was he ever thus appointed by the governor. It is true, however, that he [152]*152was appointed State agent, and received compensation for liis services as such.
1. Swamp lands: county agents: act of 1862. Upon this state of facts our opinion is, that it was competent for the board to employ plaintiff to take and prePare ^Ie P1’00^ but that there was no power t° engage him to secure the allowance of this claim of the county at Washington. The law contemplates that this business at the federal departments is to be transacted by State agents — those appointed by the governor, whether they are general or acting specially for a county, and we understand it is only these agents who are recognized at Washington. See §§ 1, 2, 7, 12 and 13 of ch. 160, Laws of 1862. The general land office, in all transactions relating to these lands, treats alone with State agents. There, a county agent is not known, and the statute nowhere gives to the counties the power to appoint county agents for this purpose. Indeed, it would be worse than useless to make such appointments, or employ agents for this purpose, as they could not be heard, — could accomplish no good.
On the other hand, however, for the home work, such as hupting up witnesses, taking testimony, establishing by proper proofs the swampy character of the lands, we think the board could employ any one deemed competent, and provide for his compensation. The law does not contemplate that these proofs are necessarily to-be taken or prepared by a State agent alone. Iiis duties are rather to make settlements with the commissioner at Washington, it being left to the counties to collect and forward the proper proofs, and as it would be competent to employ and compensate a notary or any other officer authorized to administer oaths, for such services, or for taking testimony, so the proper county authorities could contract with any one to do all this work and provide for his compensation, not by giving him a portion of the [153]*153lands or scrip, but such per diem or otherwise as might be agreed upon. In the absence of agreement lie would he entitled to pay for what his services would be reasonably worth. The law nowhere fixes the' compensation of persons thus employed. The provisions of sections 11 and 12 of the act, as to per diem, relate to agents appointed by the State or by the supervisors to receive the money due the county from the State treasury.
And now, having said this much, we are prepared to consider the instructions given to the jury. It will be observed that the resolutions passed by the board contemplate that plaintiff was not only to take the proofs, hut procure the allowance of the claims of the county by the authorities at Washington. And that the jury were permitted to compensate him for his work before this department, or for procuring the allowance of said claims, it seems to ns no one can doubt.
The pleader evidently contemplated the right of the plaintiff to this compensation. The resolutions are clearly based upon this idea. The instructions either recognize the right in terms, or, what would be equally fatal, fail to so put the ease to the jury as to prevent such recovery. When they were told that the resolution conld be considered to determine “what the parties' regarded the services reasonably worth” ; that, “ if the services were performed at defendant’s request,” etc.; that “ it was competent for the board to emplo}’' plaintiff to perform such services for the county ”; that, “ if plaintiff rendered services and examined persons connected with these lands, or in making lists, taking proofs and the like,” and that it was competent to consider “ the results of his labors,” — we say with all these instructions before them, the jury could not possibly have had any other thought or belief than that plaintiff, if entitled to recover, was to be compensated as well for his labor at Washington as for [154]*154procuring proofs, etc., at home. If we add to this the consideration that he was allowed within a few dollars of his entire claim (a claim based upon the terms of the resolutions which allowed him twenty per cent of what he alleges was recovered by him for the county), all room for doubt is entirely removed. And the proposition becomes even more incontrovertible, when, by plaintiff’s own testimony as a witness, we find, that, in estimating what his services were reasonably worth, he includes the home work, his labors at Washington, as also the services of an agent employed by him, and his expenses. So that it must be accepted as true, that plaintiff was allowed to recover for his services before the commissioner at Washington. As he was never appointed to this work in the manner contemplated by section 13 of the act of 1862, nor in any other maimer known to the law, it follows that he could not recover for such services, and that all of the instructions and proceedings based upon this theory were erroneous. This conclusion is manifest enough when we look at the language of the law itself, its spirit and policy, and is fully supported by Webster County v. Taylor, 19 Iowa, 122. Indeed, no other rule could be adopted consistent with the limited powers of the board. And experience but serves to demonstrate that every attempt to defeat the law by allowing unwarranted and exorbitant compensation in connection with these lands should be met and unhesitatingly checked.
We need hardly remark, that, as the board had no power to employ plaintiff to secure the allowance of the claims at Washington, the instructions would be clearly erroneous in those parts which allowed the jury to look at the contract for the purpose of seeing “how valuable or otherwise his services were expected to be worth.” The contract was made under a mistaken view of the powers of the county board, and, as a consequence, can [155]*155serve no other purpose than to show the fact of employment to the extent authorized by law.
Beversed.