Baker v. Baker

444 S.E.2d 478, 115 N.C. App. 337, 1994 N.C. App. LEXIS 616
CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedJune 21, 1994
Docket9312DC717
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 444 S.E.2d 478 (Baker v. Baker) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Baker v. Baker, 444 S.E.2d 478, 115 N.C. App. 337, 1994 N.C. App. LEXIS 616 (N.C. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

MARTIN, Judge.

Plaintiff appeals from the trial court’s order setting aside the judgment of absolute divorce and permitting defendant to file her answer and counterclaim for equitable distribution. Although neither party has addressed the point, we note that the appeal is interlocutory and subject to dismissal. Bailey v. Gooding, 301 N.C. 205, 270 S.E.2d 431 (1980). Nevertheless, in the exercise of the discretion granted us by N.C.R. App. P. 21, we treat the appeal as a petition for writ of certiorari, issue the writ, and proceed to consider the appeal.

Plaintiff sets forth six assignments of error in the record on appeal. His first and third assignments of error relate to the trial court’s findings of fact, however, plaintiff failed to include the evidence in the record as provided by App. Rule 9(c)(1) or to designate and file the verbatim transcript as provided by App. Rule 9(c)(2) and (3). Therefore, we must assume that the trial court’s findings of fact are supported by competent evidence and we will not consider plaintiff’s assignments of error related thereto. In re Botsford, 75 N.C. App. 72, 330 S.E.2d 23 (1985). Appellant’s fifth assignment of error is not brought forward in his brief; it is deemed abandoned. N.C.R. App. P. 28(b)(5). The sole question presented by plaintiff’s remaining assignments of error is whether a counterclaim for equitable distribution can constitute a “meritorious defense” to a complaint for absolute divorce, necessary to the granting of relief from a judgment pursuant to G.S. § 1A-1, Rule 60(b). We answer the question affirmatively and affirm the trial court’s order.

Rule 60(b) permits a party to obtain relief from a final judgment when certain requirements are met. In this case, the trial court granted defendant relief pursuant to Rule 60(b)(1) which provides:

Rule 60. Relief from judgment or order.

(b) Mistakes; inadvertence; excusable neglect; newly discovered evidence; fraud, etc. — On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may reheve a party or his legal representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for the following reasons:
(1) Mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; ....

*340 Under this section, a party may be relieved from a final judgment on the grounds of mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect. A party moving to set aside a judgment under Rule 60(b)(1) must show not only one of the grounds listed above but also the existence of a meritorious defense, Grant v. Cox, 106 N.C. App. 122, 415 S.E.2d 378 (1992); see generally 7 Moore’s Federal Practice 60.27(1) (2d ed. 1983); W. Shuford, N.C. Civ. Prac. & Proc. § 60-11 (2d ed. 1981 & Supp. 1984), because it would be a waste of judicial resources to vacate a judgment or order when the movant could not prevail on the merits of the civil action. In the matter of Oxford Plastics v. Goodson, 74 N.C. App. 256, 328 S.E.2d 7 (1985); Doxol Gas v. Barefoot, 10 N.C. App. 703, 179 S.E.2d 890 (1971). A motion for relief under this rule is addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court and will not be disturbed absent an abuse of discretion. Sink v. Easter, 288 N.C. 183, 217 S.E.2d 532 (1975); Grant v. Cox, supra; Perkins v. Perkins, 88 N.C. App. 568, 364 S.E.2d 166 (1988).

Plaintiff seems to argue that a counterclaim cannot constitute a defense for Rule 60(b) purposes and that it is only when a plaintiff is seeking relief from a judgment that a meritorious claim will suffice. See Brady v. Town of Chapel Hill, 277 N.C. 720, 178 S.E.2d 446 (1971). (Relief may be granted from judgment of dismissal upon showing by plaintiff of meritorious cause of action and proper diligence.) This argument is clearly without merit. North Carolina’s Rule 60(b) is nearly identical to the Federal Rule 60(b), enabling us to look to Federal decisions for interpretations and enlightenment. Wiggins v. Bunch, 280 N.C. 106, 184 S.E.2d 879 (1971), reh’g denied, 281 N.C. 317 (1972). In Augusta Fiberglass Coatings v. Fodor Contracting, 843 F.2d 808 (4th Cir. 1988), the court held that a counterclaim is sufficient to constitute a meritorious defense for the purposes of Federal Rule 60(b), saying that a meritorious defense requires “a proffer of evidence which would permit a finding for the defaulting party or which would establish a valid counterclaim.” Id. at 812. (Emphasis added.) Explaining that the purpose behind requiring a meritorious defense is met by allowing a counterclaim to suffice, the court stated that “[t]he underlying concern is ... whether there is some possibility that the outcome . . . after a full trial will be contrary to the result achieved by default.” Id. citing 10 C. Wright, A. Miller & M. Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2697, p. 531 (2d ed. 1983). See also Williams v. Blitz, 226 F.2d 463 (4th Cir. 1955). (Meritorious counterclaims, even though not answering the substance of the complaint, may justify relief from a default *341 judgment upon a showing of excusable neglect as the cause of the default.)

Even so, plaintiff contends, citing Howell v. Howell, 321 N.C. 87, 361 S.E.2d 585 (1987) and Carter v. Carter, 102 N.C. App. 440, 402 S.E.2d 469 (1991), that a claim for equitable distribution is insufficient to constitute a meritorious defense to an action for absolute divorce. Neither of these cases supports his position.

In Howell, Mr. Howell filed for and obtained a divorce from Mrs. Howell. Thereafter, Mrs. Howell sought to set aside the “effects” of the valid divorce judgment so that she could file her claim for equitable distribution. Our Supreme Court held that:

[b]ecause the trial court did not set aside the divorce judgment itself, its terms and validity still abide. Likewise, the legal effects of the divorce judgment still obtain. Neither Rule 60(b)(6) nor any other provision of law authorizes a court to nullify or avoid one or more of the legal effects of a valid judgment while leaving the judgment itself intact.

Id.

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Bluebook (online)
444 S.E.2d 478, 115 N.C. App. 337, 1994 N.C. App. LEXIS 616, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/baker-v-baker-ncctapp-1994.