Bahena v. State

560 S.W.2d 956, 1978 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 1019
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Texas
DecidedJanuary 25, 1978
DocketNo. 55928
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 560 S.W.2d 956 (Bahena v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Bahena v. State, 560 S.W.2d 956, 1978 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 1019 (Tex. 1978).

Opinion

OPINION

ODOM, Judge.

This is an appeal from an order revoking probation. Appellant was convicted of robbery, punishment was assessed at ten years, and he was placed on probation. One condition of his probation was that he commit no offense against the laws of this state. On December 17, 1976, a motion to revoke appellant’s probation was filed alleging that he violated the terms of his probation by committing the offense of unauthorized use of a motor vehicle (V.T.C.A., Penal Code Sec. 31.07) on December 5,1976. Following a hearing on February 23, 1977, appellant’s probation was revoked and punishment was reduced to five years.

Appellant contends the trial court abused its discretion in revoking his probation because it denied his motion for continuance and because the unrebutted evidence shows he did not voluntarily engage in the conduct for which his probation was revoked and lacked the culpable mental state required under the law. We will address the second contention first.

The motion to revoke alleged that appellant did:

“intentionally and knowingly operate a motor-propelled vehicle, to-wit: an auto[957]*957mobile, without the effective consent of Armado Nava, Jr., the owner thereof.”

Evidence was presented showing that on the evening of December 5, 1976, appellant was the lone occupant and driver of an automobile involved in a one-car accident at the Paisano on-ramp to I — 10 in El Paso. Armando Nava of the El Paso police department arrived at the scene to investigate and found appellant standing by his car and holding his arm up with a rag wrapped around his wrist, which was bleeding profusely. Nava asked appellant if he wanted to go to the hospital, and appellant answered, “Yes I would like to.” Appellant related to Nava how the accident occurred in a coherent manner, and Nava accompanied appellant to the police car where he sat appellant in the back seat and administered first aid to his wrist. Appellant was coherent and exhibited an awareness of having been in an accident. He was confused and concerned about whether he was going to be taken to jail or to the hospital, but he was not in shock and did not appear to be under the influence of alcohol or drugs. After appellant was seated in the back seat of the police car, Nava started toward appellant’s car to obtain the registration and license plate numbers when he heard a door slam, turned around, and saw appellant had moved to the front seat in the driver’s position. Appellant then drove off in the patrol car and a short distance away collided with a city bus. He was unconscious at the scene with injuries to the head, and was taken to a hospital. Nava further testified he had custody of the police car and did not give appellant consent to operate it.

Friends of appellant testified that on the afternoon before these events appellant was visiting in their home when he exhibited unusual behavior. He began shaking and appeared to have trouble breathing. He fell from his chair to the floor shaking, his eyes bulged, and he was unresponsive to questions. After a time he recovered but was disoriented as to where he was, and had no recollection of what had happened. He vomited, and then went outside for fresh air. One friend intended to take him to the hospital, but he left first. The first accident occurred a short time later.

Appellant testified that he had no recollection of the events between when he blacked out at his friends’ and when he woke up in the hospital after the accidents.

Court-appointed psychologist Randolph Whitworth testified for appellant at the hearing on the motion for continuance and his testimony was considered also on the merits of the motion to revoke probation.

Whitworth’s report described tests administered to determine appellant’s psychological and intellectual condition, and addressed his competence to stand trial. In his eight page report Whitworth digressed briefly to make these comments:

“His description of his loss of consciousness with no apparent precipitating cause, which have occurred several times in the past, however, suggests the possibility of an organic or physiological problem. From his admittedly inexact description, the examiner suspects the possibility of grand mal epileptic seizures. No history of epilepsy other than these occasional losses of consciousness was evident from either the interview with him or his mother. Nevertheless, it is the examiner’s opinion that Mr. Bahena should have a complete neurological examination, including electroencephalographic recordings, to determine if there is any organic involvement, either epilepsy or some other condition.”

Whitworth was examined extensively on the subject of epilepsy. He was quick to point out, however, that any judgment regarding appellant would be pure speculation on his part, and that they were treading on an area beyond his expertise, inasmuch as he is a psychologist, not a medical doctor. After making it clear that he could not make a diagnosis of epilepsy, he did testify to the textbook descriptions of grand mal seizures and petit mal seizures.

“A. Generally there is a grand mal seizure, there is an immediate and with[958]*958out much prewarning a seizure, a loss of consciousness, in which the subject simply falls and is unaware of events occurring around him, quite frequently has what is referred to as convulsions, as most of you are familiar, tend to bite his tongue, swallow his tongue, and so forth. Generally when he recovers consciousness he is unaware of any events that have occurred from the time that he lost consciousness until he has recovered. This may last for a period of minutes and it may be as long as a period of several hours, but not generally. It is usually a fairly short duration.
“Q. Can there be a minimal loss of consciousness coupled with confusion as a symptom of the illness you have described?
“A. This is possible. It is possible with petit mal seizures in which the individual loses consciousness or loses awareness, but does not generally lose control of his motor behavior, that is he may simply sit and be talking to you — if I may describe the behavior — he may simply sit and be talking to you and very briefly lose consciousness. There is usually a rather blank look that comes over the face, and he recovers and does not fall or anything or go into convulsions. Again, I did not observe this. I am just explaining.” ■
******
“Q. I believe you said a person who experiences a grand mal seizure loses consciousness in thoughts?
“A. Well generally he loses motor control, he falls, generally will slump.
“Q. And then he has convulsions?
“A. Most of the time he will, he will certainly show symptoms that will be considered overall severe motor convulsions.
“Q. During that period of time he would be incapable for all purposes?
.“A. Yes sir.”
******
“Q. Doctor, a person who is under a seizure of petit mal would not necessarily be in a state of convulsions?
“A. That is correct.
“Q.

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Bluebook (online)
560 S.W.2d 956, 1978 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 1019, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/bahena-v-state-texcrimapp-1978.