Azar Shirvanifar Snider v. William Snider

Opinion

COURT OF APPEALS EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS EL PASO, TEXAS

§ AZAR SHIRVANIFAR SNIDER, No. 08-08-00196-CV § Appellant, Appeal from § v. 383rd District Court § WILLIAM SNIDER, of El Paso County, Texas § Appellee. (TC # 2006CM4975) §

OPINION

The Opinion issued August 4, 2010 is withdrawn; the following is the Opinion of this Court.

We decide today the limits of a trial court’s authority to interpret a Rule 11 agreement

between the parties in settlement of a division of property incident to divorce. Because the trial court

exceeded established parameters, we reverse and remand.

FACTUAL SUMMARY

William Snider filed for divorce on July 28, 2006 and Azar Snider filed a counter petition

on September 21, 2006. On April 6, 2007, the parties notified the court of a possible settlement and

the case was set for final hearing on June 6. On June 6, the parties agreed to mediate, and the

mediation was set for August 14 with a provisional trial date of August 23. The mediation was

cancelled and never reset. The final hearing was pushed back to October 12. But during what was

originally scheduled as a continuance hearing on October 2, the parties tried to negotiate a

settlement. An agreement was signed by the parties and filed with the court on October 31.1

1 The handwritten agreement provided that W illiam was “awarded what Azar not awarded.” Item (3) awarded to Azar “retirement from military retirement.” An entry of judgment hearing was eventually held before the associate judge on February 15,

2008. Judge Anderson reviewed William’s proposed decree line by line. Azar objected that the

proposed decree limited the amount of military retirement benefits she was to receive. She

complained that the written agreement awarded her “retirement from military retirement” without

any percentage limitation. In short, she believed the agreement awarded her 100 percent of her

husband’s military benefits. Judge Anderson took the matter under advisement.

The final decree was signed on March 5. By its terms, it awarded Azar 50 percent of the

community estate’s interest in William’s military retirement. Both parties appealed to the referring

court and Azar filed a motion for new trial. The district court approved the decree and denied the

motion for new trial. This appeal follows.

RULE 11 AGREEMENTS

Azar’s issues for review focus on whether the trial court had authority to do anything other

than enter judgment strictly in accordance with the actual agreement. The parties filed a Rule 11

agreement distributing marital property amongst themselves. But when it came time to finalize the

decree, various disputes arose. At the forefront was the issue concerning William’s military

retirement benefits.

Azar raises several sub-issues regarding the court’s interpretation of the agreement. For

clarity, we will address Azar’s contention that the court erred in ordering language in a final decree

that departed from the express terms of the written settlement agreement.

Applicable Statutes and Rules

Section 7.006 of the Texas Family Code provides:

(a) To promote amicable settlement of disputes in a suit for divorce or annulment, the spouses may enter into a written agreement concerning the division of the property and the liabilities of the spouses and maintenance of either spouse. The agreement may be revised or repudiated before rendition of the divorce or annulment unless the agreement is binding under another rule of law.

(b) If the court finds that the terms of the written agreement in a divorce or annulment are just and right, those terms are binding on the court. If the court approves the agreement, the court may set forth the agreement in full or incorporate the agreement by reference in the final decree.

(c) If the court finds that the terms of the written agreement in a divorce or annulment are not just and right, the court may request the spouses to submit a revised agreement or may set the case for a contested hearing.

TEX .FAM .CODE ANN . § 7.006 (Vernon 2006).

Rule 11 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure provides:

Unless otherwise provided in these rules, no agreement between attorneys or parties touching any suit pending will be enforced unless it be in writing, signed and filed with the papers as part of the record, or unless it be made in open court and entered of record.

TEX .R.CIV .P.11.

Pertinent Authority

Three intermediate appellate decisions guide our analysis, the first of which issued from this

court. See Keim v. Anderson, 943 S.W.2d 938, 940 (Tex.App.--El Paso 1997, no pet.). During the

course of the divorce proceedings, the trial court ordered Dr. Keim to pay attorney fees of $1,050

related to discovery disputes and interim attorney’s fees of $5,000 to his wife’s lawyer. Id.

Dr. Keim only made one payment of $1,000. Id. Counsel subsequently withdrew and the Keims

then entered into a Rule 11 agreement which did not reference either the prior temporary orders or

the interim attorney’s fees. Id. The judge accepted the stipulation and granted the divorce. Id. That

same day, counsel filed a petition in intervention seeking to enforce the trial court’s prior order for

interim attorney’s fees. Id. The trial court found that its prior award of fees had not been withdrawn

by stipulation and ordered that it be included in the final decree of divorce. Id. Dr. Keim appealed. We first addressed whether the trial court had the authority to modify the agreement of the

parties to include the circumvented fee award. Id. We held that because the trial court failed to find

that the agreement was not just and right--either at the time the judge approved the stipulation or at

the time the written decree was entered--the terms of the agreement were binding on the court. Id.

at 946. We then concluded that the court should have an opportunity to either accept the agreement

as stipulated, set aside the agreement to consider the intervention, or reject the agreement on the

ground that it did not constitute a just and right division of the parties’ estates. Id. Because the

agreement in Keim contained terms and provisions to which the parties did not agree, we reversed

and remanded. Id.

In just the past few months, two of our sister courts have addressed the same issue and come

to conflicting decisions. We begin with In re Marriage of Hallman, No. 06-09-00089-CV, 2010

WL 619290 at *1 (Tex.App.--Texarkana 2010, pet.denied)(mem. op.). Initially, Kandy and David

Hallman reached an agreement on the property division and temporary spousal support. Kandy’s

attorney drafted a Rule 11 agreement which was signed and filed. The agreement set temporary

support for Kandy in the amount of $4,000 per month from August 1, 2008 until entry of the final

decree. It also provided that David was entitled to the exclusive use of the marital residence pending

a sale, with the proceeds to be divided equally. After signing the agreement, Kandy and David

signed a proposed decree that David could buy Kandy’s interest in the house for a $15,000 down

payment on a home for Kandy with additional payments of $2,500 each month until the residence

was paid in full. At the time he signed the proposed decree, David was working as an oil field

consultant and was earning in excess of $100,000 per year. When David lost his job, he notified

Kandy that he would not be able to fulfill these obligations. Consequently, the agreed final decree

was never submitted to the court and a final contested hearing was scheduled. Kandy testified that she wanted the Rule 11 agreement enforced. David testified that he was currently working in

Louisiana making one-seventh of what he was earning at the time the agreement was signed. During

the course of the marriage, David did not file any federal income tax returns and as a result, the

community owed delinquent taxes of $123,000. The Rule 11 agreement did not include provisions

for payment to the IRS, nor did it address the issue of post-divorce spousal maintenance.

The trial court enforced the Rule 11 agreement as a contract and incorporated the agreement

into the final decree of divorce. Kandy was awarded a money judgment for arrearages of temporary

support in the amount of $36,900 and a judgment for spousal maintenance in the amount of $36,000,

to be paid at a rate of $1,000 per month. The court ordered David to pay 80 percent of the IRS debt,

with Kandy to pay the remainder.

David appealed. He first complained that the trial court erred by adding additional terms to

the Rule 11 agreement. The court began with the support arrearage. Pursuant to the terms of the

Rule 11 agreement, David was to pay Kandy $4,000 per month as temporary support until a final

decree of divorce was entered. Kandy’s uncontested testimony established that temporary support

payments of $52,000 should have been paid through August 2009, but only $15,100 had been paid,

leaving an arrearage of $36,900. This was sufficient evidence upon which to render a money

judgment. As for the IRS debt, the Rule 11 agreement did not mention it. Because the agreement

did not address payment of the debt, the court was free to address that issue in the decree. If a Rule

11 agreement fails to dispose of all issues, a trial court must nevertheless dispose of all issues

properly before it. Finally, the court considered spousal maintenance. While the Rule 11 agreement

contained specific provisions for the payment of temporary support, it did not address post-divorce

spousal maintenance. The trial court was similarly obliged to address this issue in the final decree.

The court affirmed the judgment, expressly disagreeing with David that the only choice the trial court had was to either enforce the Rule 11 agreement without addressing the other marital issues or to

declare the Rule 11 agreement invalid. The court of appeals then concluded it was appropriate for

the trial court to honor the Rule 11 agreement as to all matters it covered and to address the

remaining issues in dispute.

On the heels of Hallman, the Beaumont Court of Appeals has issued Pohla v. Pohla, No.

09-09-00023-CV, 2010 WL 877555 at *1 (Tex.App.--Beaumont 2010, pet. filed)(mem. op.). There,

the parties agreed to a division of property that would in effect “give 58 percent of the community

assets to [Barbara] and 42 percent of the community assets to [Charles].” The community assets

were itemized and each asset was awarded to one of the spouses along with a corresponding value.

The 58 percent-42 percent division of the community estate was then to be effectuated by offset of

an AG Edwards IRA account in Charles’ name. The parties agreed the IRA account would be

“divided in such a way as to make an overall 58/42 division . . . .” At the time, they had not

“crunched all the numbers,” but they agreed that the IRA account would be offset as of its value on

April 30, 2008, in order to accomplish their goal of a 58/42 division of the community estate. The

asset at issue in the appeal was Barbara’s teacher retirement benefits which had not been listed on

the worksheet.

At the prove-up hearing, the court granted the divorce and approved the property settlement

agreement as a “fair and equitable one, a right and just division of that marital estate.” Barbara’s

counsel then advised the court about the oversight:

I know its not a problem but I feel like I need to say it for the record. She has a retirement account. Her teacher’s retirement account that I think goes without saying it goes to her. Just wanted to get that on the record.

Charles’ attorney agreed with that assessment. But the proposed final decree awarded 100 percent

of the teacher retirement benefits without any corresponding offset to the IRA account or any reference to the agreement that the community estate would be divided 58 percent-42 percent. The

trial court overruled Charles’ objection and awarded Barbara 100 percent of her retirement benefits.

Charles appealed. The court recounted the requirements of Rule 11 agreements. A Rule 11

agreement must be interpreted by the trial court based on the intention of the parties as expressed in

the entire agreement in light of the surrounding circumstances, including the state of the pleadings,

the allegations therein and the attitude of the parties with respect to the issues. Because the parties

had not agreed to the award of the teacher retirement at the time the judgment was rendered, the

award of the retirement account was outside the scope of the agreed judgment. When a trial court

renders judgment on the parties’ settlement agreement, the judgment must be in strict compliance

with the terms of the agreement. “The trial court has no power to supply terms, provisions, or

conditions not previously agreed to by the parties.” Id. at *3, citing Keim, 943 S.W.2d at 946. When

a consent judgment is not in strict compliance with the terms of the parties’ settlement agreement,

the judgment must be set aside. The court affirmed the granting of the divorce and reversed and

remanded the property division.

We adhere to our holding in Keim and agree with the decision in Pohla. Because the final

divorce decree contained terms and provisions that the parties did not agree to, we are obligated to

reverse and remand. See Keim, 943 S.W.2d at 946. The trial court will have an opportunity to either

accept the agreement as stipulated, set aside the agreement to consider the military retirement

dispute, or reject the agreement on the ground that it does not constitute a just and right division of

the parties’ estates. See Keim, 943 S.W.2d at 946.

September 22, 2010 ANN CRAWFORD McCLURE, Justice

Before Chew, C.J., McClure, J., and Bramblett, J. Bramblett, J., sitting by assignment