Arredondo v. Lindley International Trucks, Inc.

758 S.W.2d 846, 1988 Tex. App. LEXIS 2231, 1988 WL 90669
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedAugust 31, 1988
DocketNo. 13-88-008-CV
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 758 S.W.2d 846 (Arredondo v. Lindley International Trucks, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Arredondo v. Lindley International Trucks, Inc., 758 S.W.2d 846, 1988 Tex. App. LEXIS 2231, 1988 WL 90669 (Tex. Ct. App. 1988).

Opinion

OPINION

KENNEDY, Justice.

This is a negligence case in which a summary judgment was granted in favor of Lindley International Trucks, Inc., the ap-pellee and defendant below, on the ground that the Arredondos, the appellants and plaintiffs below, failed to raise a fact question regarding proximate cause. Appellant brings two points of error claiming that the trial court erred in granting the summary judgment because they raised a fact issue regarding proximate causation, and because the appellee’s summary judgment proof was not uncontradicted. We reverse the summary judgment and remand this case to the trial court.

Appellant’s decedent, David Arredondo, was the victim of a truck accident. Appel-lee manufactured a garbage ti'uck which ran into Arredondo’s pickup truck at the intersection of Ayers and Sacky in Corpus Christi. Appellee’s representative had allegedly placed the garbage truck brake seals in backwards during routine maintenance. This faulty re-assembly caused differential fluid to leak onto the brakes and [847]*847decreased their ability to stop the garbage truck.

The driver of the garbage truck, Manuel Garcia, was deposed twice concerning his conduct and perceptions on the morning of the accident. Garcia’s testimony is the only direct evidence before the court of the events of that morning. His testimony, however, is not entirely consistent in the two depositions, which were both on file at the time of the summary judgment hearing.

According to both depositions, Garcia noticed no reduction in braking ability or defect in the brakes on the morning in question. He was stopped at a stop sign on Sacky at its intersection of Ayers, with the intention of crossing Ayers. He noticed traffic both left and right. He noticed Arredondo in a red truck coming toward him on Ayers on the right at some distance. He looked left and waited for an opening. When there was no nearby traffic on the left, he looked right again and saw Arre-dondo at what appeared to be still a safe distance for Garcia to cross Ayers. Garcia then accelerated across Ayers and did not use the brakes again before the accident.

In his first deposition, Garcia claimed that as he was crossing Ayers, he saw Arredondo about to run into him and accelerated in an attempt to avoid him. Garcia did not use the brakes because he did not believe they would have stopped the truck from being hit by Arredondo. In his second deposition, however, Garcia claimed that after he began to accelerate from the stop, he did not see Arredondo again before the accident.

Appellant’s theory of the accident was presented by summary judgment evidence consisting of the depositions, affidavits and verified reports of accident reconstruction expert, A.O. Pipkin, and the safety engineering expert, Gary Nelson. They concluded from the condition of the brakes, an examination of the site of the accident, and Garcia’s testimony, that the brakes were substantially impaired at the time of the accident, but that the deterioration had been gradual enough that Garcia did not notice the change and had subconsciously learned to compensate for the decreased braking ability by changing his driving strategy. The defective brakes could have caused Garcia to react differently at two separate points between the time he was stopped on Sacky and the time the accident occurred.

Initially, under Nelson’s theory, traffic conditions gave Garcia two practical options for crossing Ayers: first, to cross the first two northbound lanes and stop for an opening in the latter two southbound lanes; second, to speed across all four lanes with only small concurrent openings on southbound and northbound lanes, possibly forcing drivers on Ayers to anticipate the crossing and take evasive action. Then, again under Nelson’s theory, the defective brakes caused Garcia to subconsciously change his braking habits in order to compensate for the reduced braking ability and the added distance needed to stop. Because he knew that the general condition of his brakes would not allow him to stop the truck safely in the center of the intersection, Garcia elected the latter, normally more dangerous option or strategy. Had Garcia taken the first option, he would have avoided the accident. Nelson, however, considers the reduction in braking •ability caused by the appellee’s negligence as only one of a number of considerations in determining the truck’s overall braking ability, and that it may not have been the determinative factor in Garcia’s decision to cross the intersection in the manner that he did. Thus, appellee’s negligent installation of the brakes possibly caused Garcia to choose the unsafe strategy that led to Ar-redondo’s death. Pipkin does not discuss this theory.

The second theory is that Garcia later had a second option at the time he saw Arredondo after pulling into the intersection: first, brake to stop short of Arredon-do; second, accelerate to outrun Arredon-do. This theory is contingent’ on Garcia’s claim in his first deposition, that he saw Arredondo just before being hit. Under normal conditions Garcia would probably have chosen the former option and the brakes would have stopped him short of [848]*848Arredondo. Here again, however, Garcia chose the latter, more dangerous option, because he subconsciously realized that the brakes were performing below their normal abilities and would not stop the truck in time to avoid hitting Arredondo. As a result, the negligent installation of the brakes proximately caused Arredondo’s death in a second way. Pipkin accepts this theory, without reservation, as a correct analysis of the cause of the accident. Nelson again, however, sees it as a possible cause, but believes that the accident may have been unavoidable, even with normal brakes, by the time Garcia perceived the danger.

In its motion for summary judgment, appellee argued that any negligent re-assembly of the brakes could not have been the proximate cause of the accident, because Garcia never even attempted to use the brakes to prevent the accident. Appellant complains in his first point of error that the trial court erred in granting the summary judgment, because a fact question existed on whether the faulty brakes proximately caused Garcia to react differently to traffic at the intersection in question than he normally would which, in turn, caused the accident.

A defendant who moves for a summary judgment has the burden of showing, as a matter of law, that no material issue of fact exists in the plaintiffs cause of action. Griffin v. Rowden, 654 S.W.2d 435, 436 (Tex.1983); Luna v. Daniel Int’l Corp., 683 S.W.2d 800, 802 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1984, no writ). In order to prevail, defendant must show that at least one of the elements of plaintiffs cause of action has been conclusively established against the plaintiff. Sakowitz, Inc. v. Steck, 669 S.W.2d 105, 107 (Tex.1984); Laycox v. Jaroma, Inc. 709 S.W.2d 2, 4 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1986, writ ref d n.r.e.); Luna, 683 S.W.2d at 802.

Proximate cause includes two essential elements: (1) foreseeability, and (2) cause in fact. McClure v. Allied Stores, Inc., 608 S.W.2d 901, 903 (Tex.1980);

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

De La Garza v. City of McAllen
881 S.W.2d 599 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1994)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
758 S.W.2d 846, 1988 Tex. App. LEXIS 2231, 1988 WL 90669, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/arredondo-v-lindley-international-trucks-inc-texapp-1988.