Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 193
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION III No. CV-13-988
Opinion Delivered March 19, 2014
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF APPEAL FROM THE JEFFERSON HUMAN SERVICES COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT APPELLANT [NO. JV-2013-411-6]
V. HONORABLE EARNEST E. BROWN, JR., JUDGE
KIMBERLY WHITE APPELLEE REVERSED
BRANDON J. HARRISON, Judge
The Arkansas Department of Human Services (DHS) appeals a circuit court order that
directed DHS to provide assistance to the White family in the form of purchasing furniture
for their home. On appeal, DHS argues that there was insufficient evidence to support the
circuit court’s findings and that the circuit court failed to make written findings as required
by statute. We agree with DHS and reverse.
On 1 July 2013, Kimberly White filed a family-in-need-of-services (FINS) petition in
the Jefferson County Circuit Court. The petition did not state why it was filed or request
specific relief, but attached to the petition was a report from Southeast Arkansas Behavioral
Healthcare showing that White’s fourteen-year-old son, D.W., had been diagnosed with
Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The court
entered an order adjudicating the family in need of services that same day, and the Juvenile Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 193
Office of Jefferson County filed a notice of intent with DHS indicating that DHS’s services
were necessary because “the family does not have a kitchen table with chairs, beds, and a
couch that is stable enough to hold them up.” The Juvenile Office recommended that DHS
provide services “to improve the quality of living as the juvenile does not have appropriate
living arrangements.”
Upon receiving the notice of intent, Family Service Worker Brandy Kidd visited the
Whites’ home. Kidd’s report from this visit indicates that White lives in a three-bedroom,
one-bath home with all working utilities. In the kitchen, Kidd saw a stove, refrigerator,
microwave, and a fold-out table with no chairs. Kidd also noticed that the living room
contained two chairs in fair condition. White’s room contained a bed and dressers, and
D.W.’s room contained a bed and mattress sitting on milk crates and no dresser; the third
bedroom contained a sleeper sofa.
Kidd determined that White has a total monthly income of $1416 and that White’s
bills total $947 per month, leaving her with a disposable income of $469 per month.1 After
learning that the necessary furniture was available locally for less than $350, Kidd opined that
“[t]he agency feels that Mrs. White receives an adequate amount of income to provide for the
needs of her child.” Kidd filed this report with the court on 9 July 2013.
At the review hearing, held 22 July 2013, the court expressed its displeasure with
1 According to Kidd’s report, White receives $718 in monthly social security and disability benefits for herself and $698 in monthly social security benefits for D.W., which totals $1416 in monthly benefits. However, Kidd’s report also indicates that White receives $16 per month in SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) benefits, making her total monthly income $1432.
2 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 193
Kidd’s assessment and asked her why “whenever you do the assessments for the Five-Day
Notice, you don’t ever think anybody needs any assistance from DHS.” The court found that
the items listed in the report “are necessary to prevent removal” and ordered DHS to provide
the items by close of business on July 26. Counsel for DHS objected and argued that
purchasing these items would not prevent D.W. from being removed from the home, to
which the court responded, “I understand.” The court then stated that if the order was not
complied with by July 26, then it would hold both DHS and Kidd in contempt. The court
also asked Kismich Youngblood, a DHS supervisor, if she thought the Whites’ home was
suitable, and Youngblood stated that providing the furniture was not a service that would
prevent removal. She explained that “[i]f [D.W.] went with those items or if he went
without them, that won’t prevent us from coming to get him. . . . That’s not child
endangerment.”
The written order, entered on July 22, clarified that DHS “shall provide the family
with a kitchen table, a bed (including mattress and frame), and a couch by close of business
on Friday, July 26, 2013.” The next day, DHS filed a motion to intervene for the limited
purpose of contesting the FINS order and a motion to set aside. DHS argued that, pursuant
to the juvenile code, the court may order family services to rehabilitate D.W. and prevent him
from being removed from a parent or guardian, but purchasing a kitchen table, a bed, and a
couch would not prevent D.W.’s removal in this case because the conditions in the home did
not warrant his removal. DHS also asserted that the court’s order did not meet statutory
requirements because it: (1) failed to make written findings on how the purchase of these
3 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 193
items would prevent the removal of the juvenile; and (2) failed to make a determination of
the parent’s ability to pay for these services.
To avoid being held in contempt, DHS purchased the listed items and had them
delivered to White’s home on July 26. The court later denied DHS’s motion without further
findings on July 30, and DHS appealed.2
In cases that traditionally sound in equity, like this juvenile case, the appellate standard
of review is de novo, although we do not reverse unless the circuit court’s findings are clearly
erroneous. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs. v. C.M., 100 Ark. App. 414, 269 S.W.3d 387 (2007);
Moiser v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 95 Ark. App. 32, 233 S.W.3d 172 (2006). A finding is
clearly erroneous when the reviewing court is left with the definite and firm conviction that
a mistake has been made after it has considered all the evidence. Brewer v. Ark. Dep’t of
Human Servs., 71 Ark. App. 364, 43 S.W.3d 196 (2001).
In a family-in-need-of-services case, the petitioner must prove by a preponderance
of the evidence that services are warranted. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-325(h)(2)(B) (Supp.
2011). Under the FINS statutes, if a family is found to need services, a circuit court can order
family services to rehabilitate the juvenile and his or her family. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-
332(a)(1)(A) (Repl. 2009). Statutory law also provides that, “[t]o prevent removal when the
department is the provider for family services, the court shall make written findings outlining
2 Although DHS was not a party below, it has standing to appeal this order because it followed the procedure for appeal set out in Arkansas Department of Human Services v. R.P., 333 Ark. 516, 970 S.W.2d 225 (1998). See also Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs. v. A.M., 2012 Ark. App. 240, at 1, fn 1.
4 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 193
how each service is intended to prevent removal.” Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-332(a)(1)(B)(ii).
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Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 193
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION III No. CV-13-988
Opinion Delivered March 19, 2014
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF APPEAL FROM THE JEFFERSON HUMAN SERVICES COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT APPELLANT [NO. JV-2013-411-6]
V. HONORABLE EARNEST E. BROWN, JR., JUDGE
KIMBERLY WHITE APPELLEE REVERSED
BRANDON J. HARRISON, Judge
The Arkansas Department of Human Services (DHS) appeals a circuit court order that
directed DHS to provide assistance to the White family in the form of purchasing furniture
for their home. On appeal, DHS argues that there was insufficient evidence to support the
circuit court’s findings and that the circuit court failed to make written findings as required
by statute. We agree with DHS and reverse.
On 1 July 2013, Kimberly White filed a family-in-need-of-services (FINS) petition in
the Jefferson County Circuit Court. The petition did not state why it was filed or request
specific relief, but attached to the petition was a report from Southeast Arkansas Behavioral
Healthcare showing that White’s fourteen-year-old son, D.W., had been diagnosed with
Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The court
entered an order adjudicating the family in need of services that same day, and the Juvenile Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 193
Office of Jefferson County filed a notice of intent with DHS indicating that DHS’s services
were necessary because “the family does not have a kitchen table with chairs, beds, and a
couch that is stable enough to hold them up.” The Juvenile Office recommended that DHS
provide services “to improve the quality of living as the juvenile does not have appropriate
living arrangements.”
Upon receiving the notice of intent, Family Service Worker Brandy Kidd visited the
Whites’ home. Kidd’s report from this visit indicates that White lives in a three-bedroom,
one-bath home with all working utilities. In the kitchen, Kidd saw a stove, refrigerator,
microwave, and a fold-out table with no chairs. Kidd also noticed that the living room
contained two chairs in fair condition. White’s room contained a bed and dressers, and
D.W.’s room contained a bed and mattress sitting on milk crates and no dresser; the third
bedroom contained a sleeper sofa.
Kidd determined that White has a total monthly income of $1416 and that White’s
bills total $947 per month, leaving her with a disposable income of $469 per month.1 After
learning that the necessary furniture was available locally for less than $350, Kidd opined that
“[t]he agency feels that Mrs. White receives an adequate amount of income to provide for the
needs of her child.” Kidd filed this report with the court on 9 July 2013.
At the review hearing, held 22 July 2013, the court expressed its displeasure with
1 According to Kidd’s report, White receives $718 in monthly social security and disability benefits for herself and $698 in monthly social security benefits for D.W., which totals $1416 in monthly benefits. However, Kidd’s report also indicates that White receives $16 per month in SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) benefits, making her total monthly income $1432.
2 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 193
Kidd’s assessment and asked her why “whenever you do the assessments for the Five-Day
Notice, you don’t ever think anybody needs any assistance from DHS.” The court found that
the items listed in the report “are necessary to prevent removal” and ordered DHS to provide
the items by close of business on July 26. Counsel for DHS objected and argued that
purchasing these items would not prevent D.W. from being removed from the home, to
which the court responded, “I understand.” The court then stated that if the order was not
complied with by July 26, then it would hold both DHS and Kidd in contempt. The court
also asked Kismich Youngblood, a DHS supervisor, if she thought the Whites’ home was
suitable, and Youngblood stated that providing the furniture was not a service that would
prevent removal. She explained that “[i]f [D.W.] went with those items or if he went
without them, that won’t prevent us from coming to get him. . . . That’s not child
endangerment.”
The written order, entered on July 22, clarified that DHS “shall provide the family
with a kitchen table, a bed (including mattress and frame), and a couch by close of business
on Friday, July 26, 2013.” The next day, DHS filed a motion to intervene for the limited
purpose of contesting the FINS order and a motion to set aside. DHS argued that, pursuant
to the juvenile code, the court may order family services to rehabilitate D.W. and prevent him
from being removed from a parent or guardian, but purchasing a kitchen table, a bed, and a
couch would not prevent D.W.’s removal in this case because the conditions in the home did
not warrant his removal. DHS also asserted that the court’s order did not meet statutory
requirements because it: (1) failed to make written findings on how the purchase of these
3 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 193
items would prevent the removal of the juvenile; and (2) failed to make a determination of
the parent’s ability to pay for these services.
To avoid being held in contempt, DHS purchased the listed items and had them
delivered to White’s home on July 26. The court later denied DHS’s motion without further
findings on July 30, and DHS appealed.2
In cases that traditionally sound in equity, like this juvenile case, the appellate standard
of review is de novo, although we do not reverse unless the circuit court’s findings are clearly
erroneous. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs. v. C.M., 100 Ark. App. 414, 269 S.W.3d 387 (2007);
Moiser v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 95 Ark. App. 32, 233 S.W.3d 172 (2006). A finding is
clearly erroneous when the reviewing court is left with the definite and firm conviction that
a mistake has been made after it has considered all the evidence. Brewer v. Ark. Dep’t of
Human Servs., 71 Ark. App. 364, 43 S.W.3d 196 (2001).
In a family-in-need-of-services case, the petitioner must prove by a preponderance
of the evidence that services are warranted. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-325(h)(2)(B) (Supp.
2011). Under the FINS statutes, if a family is found to need services, a circuit court can order
family services to rehabilitate the juvenile and his or her family. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-
332(a)(1)(A) (Repl. 2009). Statutory law also provides that, “[t]o prevent removal when the
department is the provider for family services, the court shall make written findings outlining
2 Although DHS was not a party below, it has standing to appeal this order because it followed the procedure for appeal set out in Arkansas Department of Human Services v. R.P., 333 Ark. 516, 970 S.W.2d 225 (1998). See also Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs. v. A.M., 2012 Ark. App. 240, at 1, fn 1.
4 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 193
how each service is intended to prevent removal.” Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-332(a)(1)(B)(ii).
Removal may only occur if there are “clear, reasonable grounds to conclude that the juvenile
is in immediate danger and that removal is necessary to prevent serious harm from his or her
surroundings or from illness or injury.” Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-313(a)(1)(C) (Supp. 2011).
Finally, in all cases in which family services are ordered, the court shall determine a parent’s
ability to pay, in whole or in part, for these services, and that determination and the evidence
supporting it must be stated in a written order. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-333(e)(1) & (2)
(Supp. 2011).
Here, DHS first asserts that there was no evidence presented to show that D.W. was
at risk of being removed or that the proposed services were designed to prevent removal. In
fact, the only evidence presented at the hearing was testimony from Kidd and Youngblood;
and they said that D.W. was not at risk of removal because there was no child-endangerment
issue. DHS also notes the hole in the proof regarding White’s inability to pay for some or all
of the recommended services. Thus, DHS concludes, there was insufficient evidence to
support the court’s finding that the services were necessary to prevent D.W.’s removal.
DHS acknowledges that it has already complied with the circuit court’s order but
argues that we should not find the issue moot, as this is an issue that is capable of repetition
yet evading review. The argument here is that the circuit court acted very similar in a prior
case that this court reversed. See Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs. v. A.M., 2012 Ark. App. 240,
___ S.W.3d ___. The A.M. case and this case, says DHS, show that the same situation could
arise in future cases. We agree that an exception to the mootness doctrine applies. See A.L.
5 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 193
v. State, 2009 Ark. App. 368 (explaining that an exception to the mootness doctrine applies
when an issue is capable of repetition, yet evades review).
We also agree that the circuit court clearly erred in finding that these services were
necessary to prevent D.W.’s removal. No evidence was presented to support that finding.
Nor did the circuit court provide the required written findings.
Reversed.
HIXSON and BROWN, JJ., agree.
Tabitha McNulty, Department of Human Services, for appellant.
No response.