1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 RAUL ARELLANO, Case No.: 22cv441-TWR(LR)
12 Plaintiff, ORDER: 13 v. (1) GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ EX 14 A. CALDERON, et al., PARTE APPLICATION FOR LEAVE 15 Defendants. TO DEPOSE PLAINTIFF REMOTELY [ECF No. 24]; 16
17 (2) OVERRULING PLAINTIFF’S OBJECTIONS TO HIS REMOTE 18 DEPOSITION; AND 19 (3) DENYING PLAINTIFF’S 20 REQUEST TO DEPOSE 21 DEFENDANTS [ECF No. 22] 22 23 Presently before the Court is: (1) pro se Plaintiff Raul Arellano’s Objection to 24 Defendants in this case conducting his deposition remotely, which also includes a request 25 to depose Defendants in this action (see ECF No. 22 (“Pl.’s Obj.”); and (2) Defendants’ 26 ex parte Application to take Plaintiff’s deposition remotely, which includes a response to 27 Plaintiff’s Objection and his request to depose Defendants. (See ECF No. 24 (“Defs.’ 28 Appl.”).) For the reasons stated below, The Court: (1) GRANTS Defendants’ request to 1 depose Plaintiff remotely; (2) OVERRULES Plaintiff’s Objection to Defendants taking 2 his deposition remotely; and (3) DENIES Plaintiff’s request to depose Defendants. 3 I. BACKGROUND 4 Plaintiff, currently incarcerated at Richard J. Donovan State Prison (“RJD”) in San 5 Diego, California, is proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis (“IFP”) in this civil rights 6 action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiff filed the Complaint in this case on April 4, 7 2022, alleging that two psychologists at RJD were deliberately indifferent to his reports 8 of suicidal feelings in violation of his right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment 9 under the Eight Amendment. (See Compl., ECF No. 1.) On August 8, 2022, the Court 10 sua sponte screened Plaintiff's Complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2) and 11 1915A(b) and determined that Plaintiff alleged sufficient factual content to survive initial 12 screening. (See ECF No. 4.) Defendants filed an answer to Plaintiff’s Complaint on 13 October 21, 2022. (See Answer, ECF No. 11.) 14 On December 12, 2022, the Court issued a Scheduling Order regulating discovery 15 and other pretrial proceedings, which granted Defendants leave to take Plaintiff’s 16 deposition pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(a)(2)(B). (See Scheduling 17 Order, ECF No. 16 at 3.) The Scheduling Order further noted that defense counsel was 18 required to provide Plaintiff with notice of the date of his deposition at least fifteen days 19 prior to the scheduled date for the deposition, and that the parties could stipulate or move 20 to conduct Plaintiff’s deposition via videoconference under Federal Rule of Civil 21 Procedure 30(b)(4). (See Scheduling Order at 3-4.) Defendants’ ex parte Application to 22 depose Plaintiff remotely indicates that defense counsel mistakenly believed that the 23 Court had permitted Plaintiff’s deposition to be taken remotely in the Scheduling Order, 24 and that Defendants noticed Plaintiff’s remote deposition—presently scheduled for April 25 6, 2023—on March 7, 2023. (See ECF No. 24-1, Jennifer Burns Decl. (“Burns Decl.”) at 26 2.) 27 28 1 On March 16, 2023, Plaintiff filed the instant Objection to Defendants conducting 2 his deposition remotely through videoconference, which also includes a request to take 3 Defendants’ deposition. (Pl.’s Obj. at 1-2.) Defendants filed an ex parte Application 4 directly requesting to take Plaintiff’s deposition remotely under Federal Rule of Civil 5 Procedure 30(b)(4) and responding to Plaintiff’s Objection and request to depose 6 Defendants on March 20, 2023. (Def.’s App.) 7 II. DISCUSSION 8 A. Plaintiff’s Remote Deposition 9 Plaintiff objects to his deposition being taken remotely because he intends to 10 present over one hundred pages of documents during the deposition. (See Pl.’s Obj. at 1.) 11 Owed mainly to the small font size on these documents, Plaintiff contends that he will not 12 be able to adequately discuss their contents with Defendants’ counsel over 13 videoconference. (See id.) Plaintiff argues that the California Attorney General’s office 14 should “pay a plane ticket for Jennifer Burns so she can take [my] deposition in person.” 15 (Id.) 16 Defendants argue that Plaintiff can effectively respond to questions about these 17 documents without the need to hold them up to the camera and have Defendants view 18 them simultaneously. (See Def.’s App. at 3.) Citing the COVID-19 pandemic and travel 19 costs for defense counsel to attend Plaintiff’s deposition in person, Defendants request 20 leave to take Plaintiff’s deposition remotely. (Id. at 2.) 21 The Court finds that Defendants’ request to conduct Plaintiff’s deposition by 22 remote means is reasonable in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the travel costs 23 related to attending the deposition in person. Remote depositions have become 24 increasingly common as a result of the pandemic, and the Court trusts that any perceived 25 limitations Plaintiff experiences in presenting the documents he intends to discuss with 26
27 1 Although Plaintiff’s Objection was submitted through the prison mail system on March 9, 2023, the 28 1 defense counsel can be resolved through the undersigned’s chambers rules regulating 2 discovery disputes. See Hon. Lupe Rodriguez, Jr. Civ. Chambers R. § IV. Accordingly, 3 the Court GRANTS Defendants’ Application to depose Plaintiff remotely (Defs.’ Appl. 4 at 2-3) and OVERRULES Plaintiff’s objection. (Pl.’s Obj. at 1.) Defendants may 5 conduct Plaintiff’s deposition remotely pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 6 30(b)(4). Counsel and the witnesses shall abide by any security or safety precautions the 7 institution deems necessary, including the presence of correctional officers during the 8 depositions. The deposition shall take place on April 6, 2023—the date Defendants 9 previously noticed to Plaintiff. 10 B. Plaintiff’s Request to Depose Defendants 11 Plaintiff separately requests to “[t]ake [d]eposition [of] Defendants.” (Pl.’s Obj. at 12 1.) Noting that an officer in the institution can administer an oath to Defendants and that 13 “the deposition can be done in this prison through video at [no] expense,” Plaintiff 14 requests that he be “granted a[n] opportunity” to take Defendants’ depositions. (Id.) In 15 the alternative, Plaintiff requests that the Court “have the door open for [Defendants’] 16 depositions to be made in the future . . . once the case is past [] summary judgment and 17 a[n] attorney will be assigned.” (Id. at 1-2.) 18 In response, Defendants contend that Plaintiff’s request should be denied because 19 he has not indicated how he will pay for the depositions he requests. Noting that any 20 deposition would have to be taken before a court reporter and would need to be recorded, 21 Defendants argue that Plaintiff has not presented any information demonstrating that he 22 can pay for these costs. (See Defs.’ App. at 3-4 (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 28(a)(1); 23 30(b)(3)(A)).) 24 Incarcerated individuals proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in civil cases 25 under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 are permitted to use any of the discovery methods set forth in the 26 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 RAUL ARELLANO, Case No.: 22cv441-TWR(LR)
12 Plaintiff, ORDER: 13 v. (1) GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ EX 14 A. CALDERON, et al., PARTE APPLICATION FOR LEAVE 15 Defendants. TO DEPOSE PLAINTIFF REMOTELY [ECF No. 24]; 16
17 (2) OVERRULING PLAINTIFF’S OBJECTIONS TO HIS REMOTE 18 DEPOSITION; AND 19 (3) DENYING PLAINTIFF’S 20 REQUEST TO DEPOSE 21 DEFENDANTS [ECF No. 22] 22 23 Presently before the Court is: (1) pro se Plaintiff Raul Arellano’s Objection to 24 Defendants in this case conducting his deposition remotely, which also includes a request 25 to depose Defendants in this action (see ECF No. 22 (“Pl.’s Obj.”); and (2) Defendants’ 26 ex parte Application to take Plaintiff’s deposition remotely, which includes a response to 27 Plaintiff’s Objection and his request to depose Defendants. (See ECF No. 24 (“Defs.’ 28 Appl.”).) For the reasons stated below, The Court: (1) GRANTS Defendants’ request to 1 depose Plaintiff remotely; (2) OVERRULES Plaintiff’s Objection to Defendants taking 2 his deposition remotely; and (3) DENIES Plaintiff’s request to depose Defendants. 3 I. BACKGROUND 4 Plaintiff, currently incarcerated at Richard J. Donovan State Prison (“RJD”) in San 5 Diego, California, is proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis (“IFP”) in this civil rights 6 action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiff filed the Complaint in this case on April 4, 7 2022, alleging that two psychologists at RJD were deliberately indifferent to his reports 8 of suicidal feelings in violation of his right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment 9 under the Eight Amendment. (See Compl., ECF No. 1.) On August 8, 2022, the Court 10 sua sponte screened Plaintiff's Complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2) and 11 1915A(b) and determined that Plaintiff alleged sufficient factual content to survive initial 12 screening. (See ECF No. 4.) Defendants filed an answer to Plaintiff’s Complaint on 13 October 21, 2022. (See Answer, ECF No. 11.) 14 On December 12, 2022, the Court issued a Scheduling Order regulating discovery 15 and other pretrial proceedings, which granted Defendants leave to take Plaintiff’s 16 deposition pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(a)(2)(B). (See Scheduling 17 Order, ECF No. 16 at 3.) The Scheduling Order further noted that defense counsel was 18 required to provide Plaintiff with notice of the date of his deposition at least fifteen days 19 prior to the scheduled date for the deposition, and that the parties could stipulate or move 20 to conduct Plaintiff’s deposition via videoconference under Federal Rule of Civil 21 Procedure 30(b)(4). (See Scheduling Order at 3-4.) Defendants’ ex parte Application to 22 depose Plaintiff remotely indicates that defense counsel mistakenly believed that the 23 Court had permitted Plaintiff’s deposition to be taken remotely in the Scheduling Order, 24 and that Defendants noticed Plaintiff’s remote deposition—presently scheduled for April 25 6, 2023—on March 7, 2023. (See ECF No. 24-1, Jennifer Burns Decl. (“Burns Decl.”) at 26 2.) 27 28 1 On March 16, 2023, Plaintiff filed the instant Objection to Defendants conducting 2 his deposition remotely through videoconference, which also includes a request to take 3 Defendants’ deposition. (Pl.’s Obj. at 1-2.) Defendants filed an ex parte Application 4 directly requesting to take Plaintiff’s deposition remotely under Federal Rule of Civil 5 Procedure 30(b)(4) and responding to Plaintiff’s Objection and request to depose 6 Defendants on March 20, 2023. (Def.’s App.) 7 II. DISCUSSION 8 A. Plaintiff’s Remote Deposition 9 Plaintiff objects to his deposition being taken remotely because he intends to 10 present over one hundred pages of documents during the deposition. (See Pl.’s Obj. at 1.) 11 Owed mainly to the small font size on these documents, Plaintiff contends that he will not 12 be able to adequately discuss their contents with Defendants’ counsel over 13 videoconference. (See id.) Plaintiff argues that the California Attorney General’s office 14 should “pay a plane ticket for Jennifer Burns so she can take [my] deposition in person.” 15 (Id.) 16 Defendants argue that Plaintiff can effectively respond to questions about these 17 documents without the need to hold them up to the camera and have Defendants view 18 them simultaneously. (See Def.’s App. at 3.) Citing the COVID-19 pandemic and travel 19 costs for defense counsel to attend Plaintiff’s deposition in person, Defendants request 20 leave to take Plaintiff’s deposition remotely. (Id. at 2.) 21 The Court finds that Defendants’ request to conduct Plaintiff’s deposition by 22 remote means is reasonable in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the travel costs 23 related to attending the deposition in person. Remote depositions have become 24 increasingly common as a result of the pandemic, and the Court trusts that any perceived 25 limitations Plaintiff experiences in presenting the documents he intends to discuss with 26
27 1 Although Plaintiff’s Objection was submitted through the prison mail system on March 9, 2023, the 28 1 defense counsel can be resolved through the undersigned’s chambers rules regulating 2 discovery disputes. See Hon. Lupe Rodriguez, Jr. Civ. Chambers R. § IV. Accordingly, 3 the Court GRANTS Defendants’ Application to depose Plaintiff remotely (Defs.’ Appl. 4 at 2-3) and OVERRULES Plaintiff’s objection. (Pl.’s Obj. at 1.) Defendants may 5 conduct Plaintiff’s deposition remotely pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 6 30(b)(4). Counsel and the witnesses shall abide by any security or safety precautions the 7 institution deems necessary, including the presence of correctional officers during the 8 depositions. The deposition shall take place on April 6, 2023—the date Defendants 9 previously noticed to Plaintiff. 10 B. Plaintiff’s Request to Depose Defendants 11 Plaintiff separately requests to “[t]ake [d]eposition [of] Defendants.” (Pl.’s Obj. at 12 1.) Noting that an officer in the institution can administer an oath to Defendants and that 13 “the deposition can be done in this prison through video at [no] expense,” Plaintiff 14 requests that he be “granted a[n] opportunity” to take Defendants’ depositions. (Id.) In 15 the alternative, Plaintiff requests that the Court “have the door open for [Defendants’] 16 depositions to be made in the future . . . once the case is past [] summary judgment and 17 a[n] attorney will be assigned.” (Id. at 1-2.) 18 In response, Defendants contend that Plaintiff’s request should be denied because 19 he has not indicated how he will pay for the depositions he requests. Noting that any 20 deposition would have to be taken before a court reporter and would need to be recorded, 21 Defendants argue that Plaintiff has not presented any information demonstrating that he 22 can pay for these costs. (See Defs.’ App. at 3-4 (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 28(a)(1); 23 30(b)(3)(A)).) 24 Incarcerated individuals proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in civil cases 25 under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 are permitted to use any of the discovery methods set forth in the 26 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See Starkey v. Hernandez, Case No.: 3:17-cv-01158- 27 JLS-KSC, 2018 WL 2441554, at *1 (S.D. Cal. May 31, 2018). The fact that a prisoner is 28 proceeding in forma pauperis, however, does not obligate the government to advance 1 funds for them to take a deposition. Id. at *1 (citing Doe v. United States, 112 F.R.D. 2 183, 184-85 (S.D.N.Y. 1986)). Indeed, neither the government nor the Court has 3 authority to finance or pay for a party’s discovery expenses even though that party has 4 been granted leave to proceed in forma pauperis under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a). See, e.g., 5 Fabricant v. Shinn, No. EDCV 19-00144-ODW (AS), 2021 WL 4459661, at *2 (C.D. 6 Cal. June 16, 2021) (citing Jones v. Masiello, CASE NO. 3:19-CV-5954-RBL-DWC, 7 2020 WL 3839615, at *1 (W.D. Wash. July 8, 2020)) (noting that 28 U.S.C. § 1915 does 8 not authorize payment for discovery costs, witness fees, or expenses). 9 Here, Plaintiff seeks to depose both defendants in this action. Although he avers 10 that this can be done “at [no] expense,” as Defendants correctly point out—these 11 depositions would at the very least require him to pay recording costs. (Pl.’s Obj. at 1; 12 Defs.’ App. at 3-4 (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 28(a)(1); 30(b)(3)(A))); see also Starkey, 2018 13 WL 2441554, at *1 (denying motion to take depositions when the plaintiff made no 14 showing that he could pay for the costs of those depositions). Plaintiff has made no 15 showing whatsoever of his ability to pay these costs under Rule 45(b)(1). Moreover, 16 leave of the Court is not required to depose someone, except for those who are 17 incarcerated or have been previously deposed. See, e.g., Dalke v. Clarke, Case No.: 1:20- 18 cv-00534-AWI-SAB (PC), 2021 WL 4192036, at *1 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 15, 2021) (noting 19 that leave is not required to depose any person under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 20 31(a)(2)(A)(ii), (B)). Plaintiff does not appear to have made any indication to Defendants 21 as to how he intends to arrange their depositions, which officer will administer the oath, 22 or the date and time that they are to go forward. These failures leave the Court with the 23 inability to grant Plaintiff the relief he seeks at this point in the discovery process. See 24 Cuff v. Harris, No. 2:16–cv–1999 MCE DB P, 2018 WL 2441592, at *2 (E.D. Cal. May 25 31, 2018) (citing Jackson v. Woodford, No. 05cv0513–L(NLS), 2007 WL 2580566, at *1 26 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 17, 2007) (denying a request to take a defendant’s deposition when the 27 plaintiff did not indicate parameters or logistics of the deposition). The Court is similarly 28 unable to grant Plaintiff relief related to his request to “have a [second] attempt to do a 1 || deposition” after the summary judgment stage. Apart from the fact that the case has not 2 || yet survived summary judgment and counsel has not been appointed, Plaintiff does not 3 || appear to have made any efforts to organize the depositions or request modifications to 4 || the current Scheduling Order. 5 The Court notes that while Plaintiff may prefer to conduct Defendants’ 6 || depositions, he can still proceed with discovery by other means, such as written 7 ||interrogatories, requests for production, or requests for admission. See Klingele v. 8 || Eikenberry, 849 F.2d 409, 412 n.1 (9th Cir. 1988) (noting that a pro se prisoner is entitled 9 ||to an opportunity to serve interrogatories or request documents despite being unable to 10 || pay for deposition expenses); Fed. R. Civ. P. 33 (written interrogatories); Fed. R. Civ. P. 11 (requests for production); Fed. R. Civ. P. 36 (requests for admission). Additionally, if 12 || Plaintiff seeks to modify the Scheduling Order in this case to take depositions from 13 || Defendants at a later time, he must make such requests with sufficient time remaining 14 || before the applicable discovery cutoff and fully comply with the undersigned’s Crvil 15 ||Chambers Rules. See Hon. Lupe Rodriguez, Jr. Civ. Chambers R. §§ IV-V. 16 || Accordingly, Plaintiff's request to take Defendants’ deposition is DENIED without 17 || prejudice. 18 Hr. CONCLUSION 19 For the reasons stated above, The Court (1) GRANTS Defendants’ ex parte 20 || Application to depose Plaintiff remotely; (2) OVERRULES Plaintiff's Objection to his 21 || deposition being taken remotely; and (3) DENIES Plaintiff's request to depose 22 || Defendants in this matter without prejudice. 23 IT IS SO ORDERED. 24 Dated: March 27, 2023 25 26 / LZ 27 Honorable Lupe Rodriguez, Jr. 28 United States Magistrate Judge