Appeal of Sawmill Brook Development Co.

529 A.2d 902, 129 N.H. 410
CourtSupreme Court of New Hampshire
DecidedJune 5, 1987
DocketNo. 86-207
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 529 A.2d 902 (Appeal of Sawmill Brook Development Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of New Hampshire primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Appeal of Sawmill Brook Development Co., 529 A.2d 902, 129 N.H. 410 (N.H. 1987).

Opinion

Brock, C.J.

This is an appeal by the taxpayer, Sawmill Brook Development Co. (Sawmill or the taxpayer), from a decision of the board of tax and land appeals (board). The taxpayer challenges the methodology used by the Town of Litchfield’s (town) appraiser and accepted by the board in reviewing two change of use tax assessments levied pursuant to RSA 79-A:7, I (Supp. 1986) against the taxpayer. We affirm.

The town levied the assessments on a two-phased development: phase I, a planned 50-lot subdivision consisting of 80.1 acres, and phase II, a planned 93-lot subdivision with a total acreage of 97.63 acres. Sawmill had initially purchased this and other acreage for $3,500 per acre; the land was under current use assessment at the time of purchase. On October 3, 1984, the town planning board approved the phase I subdivision subject to the condition that Sawmill obtain access from the subdivision to Hillcrest Avenue by means of a land trade between the State and the developer. The change of use with respect to phase I occurred on October 4, 1984. Phase II approval was conditionally granted on February 6, 1985, and the change of use on that property occurred on March 28, 1985. The phase I property was assessed at $537,500, and the phase II property was assessed at $752,100, both as of the respective dates of their changes in use.

[412]*412After the assessments were made, the taxpayer appealed to the board of tax and land appeals, which upheld the validity of the assessments. The taxpayer then moved for rehearing, which the board denied, and the taxpayer appeals both of these decisions.

On appeal, Sawmill makes several arguments as to why the valuation methodology adopted by the board was incorrect. First, it argues that the town’s appraiser failed to take into account the conditional- nature of the subdivision approval given by the town to the taxpayer. Second, it argues that the town’s appraiser should have valued the land on an acreage, rather than a lot, basis. Finally, the taxpayer alleges that the board presumed erroneously that the town’s position was correct as a matter of law. We consider each of these issues in order.

RSA 79-A:7,1 (Supp. 1986) provides in pertinent part that

“[l]and which has been classified as open space land on or after April 1, 1974 pursuant to this chapter shall be subject to a land use change tax when it is changed to a use which does not qualify for open space assessment. Notwithstanding provisions of RSA 75:1, said tax shall be at the rate of 10 percent of the full and true value determined without regard to the open space assessed value of the land changed to other than open space use or any equalized value factor used by the municipality in which the land is located. Notwithstanding the provisions of RSA 76:2, such assessed value shall be determined as of the actual date of the change in land use if such date is not April first.”

The “full and true value” of the land in question is that which 'represents its “‘“best and highest use.’”” Steele v. Town of Allenstown, 124 N.H. 487, 490, 471 A.2d 1179, 1181 (1984) (quoting Blue Mountain Forest Association v. Town of Croydon, 119 N.H. 202, 203, 400 A.2d 55, 56 (1979)). Furthermore, “[b]est and highest use has been defined as that ‘use which will most likely produce the highest market value, greatest financial return, or the most profit. . . .’” Steele supra (quoting State National Bank v. Planning & Zoning Commission, 156 Conn. 99, 101, 239 A.2d 528, 530 (1968)). The parties agree, and the board so found, that the best and highest use of both properties is residential development.

The questions we decide are whether the board’s decision was erroneous as a matter of law, see RSA 79-A:10 (Supp. 1986); RSA 76:16-a, V (Supp. 1986), and whether the denial of the taxpayer’s motion for rehearing was an abuse of discretion, see Demoulas v. Town of Salem, 116 N.H. 775, 779, 367 A.2d 588, 592 (1976).

[413]*413We first describe the valuation methodologies that the parties’ appraisers used. Generally, three methods may be used to value property for tax purposes: the replacement cost approach, the comparable sales approach, and the capitalization of income approach. See Town of Croydon v. Current Use Advisory Bd., 121 N.H. 442, 446, 431 A.2d 126, 129 (1981). In this instance, the town’s appraiser used what the town terms a “comparable sales/market value” approach, and the taxpayer’s appraiser used what the taxpayer terms a “direct sales comparison” approach. The town’s appraiser compared sales of other properties, set an estimate of the value of each lot, and then “backed out” development costs and certain other costs and concluded that the phase I value was $537,500 and the phase II value was $752,100.

To value phase I and phase II, the taxpayer’s appraiser compared certain other sales of properties, and set a valuation per acre based on those comparisons. In this instance, the appraiser concluded that the per acre value of both phase I and phase II was $3,500. As to phase I, he simply multiplied $3,500 by the number of acres in phase I and concluded that the phase I rounded valuation was $280,400. He added no additional value to the valuation of phase I to reflect the potential for commercial development, apparently because there was no access to the land when it was taken out of current use. He arrived at phase II valuation by multiplying $3,500 per acre, plus development costs and development potential of $1,000 each, respectively, times the number of acres in the development, resulting in a total phase II rounded valuation figure of $537,000. The second addition to the base value reflected the fact that phase II had access to public roads and that phase I was partially developed as of the date of change in use. In addition, $1,000 per acre was added to reflect development costs.

Sawmill’s first contention is that, at the time of assessment, the fact that the approval of the phase I and phase II subdivisions was only conditional was not taken into consideration in taxing the land for RSA chapter 79-A (Supp. 1986) purposes, thus producing an artificially high valuation. In support of its position, Sawmill cites the two cases, inter alia, of Appeal of Town of Hollis, 126 N.H. 230, 490 A.2d 775 (1985) and Sklar Realty v. Town of Merrimack, 125 N.H. 321, 480 A.2d 149 (1984).

In Hollis, this court held that, in rendering an appropriate property valuation, a town should not be blind to

“the economic reality of ‘the land’s best and highest use’ when [the town] determines ‘full and true value’... as of the date of the change in use. Rather, the town should con[414]*414sider the potential for development as it would with any piece of comparable land that is not subject to current use valuation.”

Hollis, supra

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Bluebook (online)
529 A.2d 902, 129 N.H. 410, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/appeal-of-sawmill-brook-development-co-nh-1987.