CLD-296 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ___________
No. 20-1992 ___________
ANTONIO MELQUEZIDETH CASTRO, Appellant
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ____________________________________
On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (Agency No. A203-048-602) Immigration Judge: Honorable Leo A. Finston ____________________________________
Submitted for Possible Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
Before: JORDAN, KRAUSE and MATEY, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: September 14, 2020) _________
OPINION * _________
PER CURIAM
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. Petitioner Antonio Melquezideth Castro seeks review of a final order of removal
issued by the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) denying his motion to reopen removal
proceedings. The Government has moved to summarily deny in part and dismiss in part
the petition for review. We will grant the Government’s motion. See Third Circuit LAR
27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6.
Castro is a citizen of Belize who entered the United States as a nonimmigrant
visitor in November 2000. In 2002, he pleaded guilty in New Jersey state court to
endangering the welfare of a child. See N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2C:24-4A. Many years in later,
in September 2017, the Government issued a notice to appear, charging Castro with
removability as an alien convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude, 8 U.S.C.
§ 1227(a)(2)(A)(i), and a crime of child abuse, 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(E)(i). Castro filed
an application for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the United
Nations Convention Against Torture. In July 2018, an Immigration Judge denied all
relief. The Board of Immigration Appeals dismissed Castro’s appeal on December 13,
2018. Castro filed a petition for review. Meanwhile, in March 2019, Castro filed with
the Board a motion to reopen and to terminate the removal proceedings, arguing that he
had a pending post-conviction petition in state court that could potentially vacate this
child endangerment conviction. The Board denied the motion to reopen and Castro filed
another petition for review. We denied the consolidated petitions for review. Castro v.
Att’y Gen., 794 F. App’x 147 (3d Cir. Dec. 13, 2019) (not precedential).
On December 20, 2019, Castro filed another motion to reopen with the Board. 2 The BIA denied the motion, holding that it was untimely and number-barred. 8 U.S.C.
§ 1229a(c)(7)(A), (C)(i). The Board also rejected Castro’s argument that he qualified for
an exception to those limitations based on his recognition, in May 2019, that he “gender
identif[ies] as Queer” and would be “hated and persecuted [like the] LBGTQ
community” in Belize. The BIA also denied Castro’s request for sua sponte reopening.
Castro filed a timely petition for review.1 We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C.
§ 1252(a) to review the Board’s denial of a motion to reopen, see Cruz v. Att’y Gen., 452
F.3d 240, 246 (3d Cir. 2006), and we review such a denial for abuse of discretion, see
Zhu v. Att’y Gen., 744 F.3d 268, 271 (3d Cir. 2014). Summary action is appropriate if
there is no substantial question presented in the petition for review. See 3d Cir. L.A.R.
27.4; I.O.P. 10.6.
An alien generally may file only one motion to reopen and must file the motion
“within 90 days of the date of entry of a final administrative order of removal.” 8 U.S.C.
§ 1229a(c)(7)(C)(i); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2). Here, the final administrative order of
removal was entered in December 2018. Therefore, Castro’s second motion to reopen,
which was filed on December 20, 2019, was clearly time- and number-barred. The time
limitation does not apply to motions to reopen that rely on evidence of “changed country
conditions arising in the country of nationality … if such evidence is material and was
not available and would not have been discovered or presented at the previous hearing.”
1 Castro also filed a motion to stay his removal and for appointment of counsel. The Government opposes a stay. 3 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii); see also 8 U.S.C. §1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii). The term “previous
hearing” refers to the proceedings before the IJ. Filja v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 241, 252 (3d
Cir. 2006). A renewed asylum application based on changes in personal circumstances
filed outside of the 90-day window must be accompanied by a motion to reopen that
successfully shows changed country conditions. Liu v. Att’y Gen., 555 F.3d 145, 150 (3d
Cir. 2009). The movant must also establish a prima facie case for the relief sought.
Huang v. Att’y Gen., 620 F.3d 372, 389 (3d Cir. 2010).
The Board held that Castro’s evidence “does not speak to or establish changed
country conditions [in Belize] that materially affect his eligibility.” That evidence
included statements from Castro. In those statements, Castro explained that, in May
2019, he “came to realize and live [his] true gender identity,” which he stated is “queer or
gender non-conformist.” Although Castro alleged that he was persecuted in Belize more
than 20 years ago because of his sexual orientation, he did not explain how conditions in
Belize have changed for the LGBTQ community since his last IJ hearing.
Castro’s motion to reopen also included affidavits and letters, country reports, and
news articles, which the Board described as containing “reports of discrimination and
harassment against LGBTQ individuals in Belize.” But the Board held that the evidence
“does not speak to or establish changed country conditions that materially affect his
eligibility” and “does not support a finding that LGBTQ individuals suffer a significant
form of mistreatment as compared to when [Castro’s] removal hearing was conducted.”
We conclude that the Board’s assessment of the evidence is accurate. For example, 4 although Castro submitted affidavits and letters that generally spoke to his good
character, they did not address a change in conditions in Belize for members of the
LGBTQ community. The news articles described the police’s mistreatment of Castro in
1999, after he was accused of improperly obtaining Mayan artifacts. But the articles do
not demonstrate a relevant change in country conditions. Furthermore, the 2018 State
Department Human Rights Reports for Belize, which Castro included with his motion to
reopen, does not differ significantly from the 2017 Report in its description of violence
and discrimination against people based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. 2
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CLD-296 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ___________
No. 20-1992 ___________
ANTONIO MELQUEZIDETH CASTRO, Appellant
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ____________________________________
On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (Agency No. A203-048-602) Immigration Judge: Honorable Leo A. Finston ____________________________________
Submitted for Possible Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
Before: JORDAN, KRAUSE and MATEY, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: September 14, 2020) _________
OPINION * _________
PER CURIAM
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. Petitioner Antonio Melquezideth Castro seeks review of a final order of removal
issued by the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) denying his motion to reopen removal
proceedings. The Government has moved to summarily deny in part and dismiss in part
the petition for review. We will grant the Government’s motion. See Third Circuit LAR
27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6.
Castro is a citizen of Belize who entered the United States as a nonimmigrant
visitor in November 2000. In 2002, he pleaded guilty in New Jersey state court to
endangering the welfare of a child. See N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2C:24-4A. Many years in later,
in September 2017, the Government issued a notice to appear, charging Castro with
removability as an alien convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude, 8 U.S.C.
§ 1227(a)(2)(A)(i), and a crime of child abuse, 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(E)(i). Castro filed
an application for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the United
Nations Convention Against Torture. In July 2018, an Immigration Judge denied all
relief. The Board of Immigration Appeals dismissed Castro’s appeal on December 13,
2018. Castro filed a petition for review. Meanwhile, in March 2019, Castro filed with
the Board a motion to reopen and to terminate the removal proceedings, arguing that he
had a pending post-conviction petition in state court that could potentially vacate this
child endangerment conviction. The Board denied the motion to reopen and Castro filed
another petition for review. We denied the consolidated petitions for review. Castro v.
Att’y Gen., 794 F. App’x 147 (3d Cir. Dec. 13, 2019) (not precedential).
On December 20, 2019, Castro filed another motion to reopen with the Board. 2 The BIA denied the motion, holding that it was untimely and number-barred. 8 U.S.C.
§ 1229a(c)(7)(A), (C)(i). The Board also rejected Castro’s argument that he qualified for
an exception to those limitations based on his recognition, in May 2019, that he “gender
identif[ies] as Queer” and would be “hated and persecuted [like the] LBGTQ
community” in Belize. The BIA also denied Castro’s request for sua sponte reopening.
Castro filed a timely petition for review.1 We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C.
§ 1252(a) to review the Board’s denial of a motion to reopen, see Cruz v. Att’y Gen., 452
F.3d 240, 246 (3d Cir. 2006), and we review such a denial for abuse of discretion, see
Zhu v. Att’y Gen., 744 F.3d 268, 271 (3d Cir. 2014). Summary action is appropriate if
there is no substantial question presented in the petition for review. See 3d Cir. L.A.R.
27.4; I.O.P. 10.6.
An alien generally may file only one motion to reopen and must file the motion
“within 90 days of the date of entry of a final administrative order of removal.” 8 U.S.C.
§ 1229a(c)(7)(C)(i); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2). Here, the final administrative order of
removal was entered in December 2018. Therefore, Castro’s second motion to reopen,
which was filed on December 20, 2019, was clearly time- and number-barred. The time
limitation does not apply to motions to reopen that rely on evidence of “changed country
conditions arising in the country of nationality … if such evidence is material and was
not available and would not have been discovered or presented at the previous hearing.”
1 Castro also filed a motion to stay his removal and for appointment of counsel. The Government opposes a stay. 3 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii); see also 8 U.S.C. §1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii). The term “previous
hearing” refers to the proceedings before the IJ. Filja v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 241, 252 (3d
Cir. 2006). A renewed asylum application based on changes in personal circumstances
filed outside of the 90-day window must be accompanied by a motion to reopen that
successfully shows changed country conditions. Liu v. Att’y Gen., 555 F.3d 145, 150 (3d
Cir. 2009). The movant must also establish a prima facie case for the relief sought.
Huang v. Att’y Gen., 620 F.3d 372, 389 (3d Cir. 2010).
The Board held that Castro’s evidence “does not speak to or establish changed
country conditions [in Belize] that materially affect his eligibility.” That evidence
included statements from Castro. In those statements, Castro explained that, in May
2019, he “came to realize and live [his] true gender identity,” which he stated is “queer or
gender non-conformist.” Although Castro alleged that he was persecuted in Belize more
than 20 years ago because of his sexual orientation, he did not explain how conditions in
Belize have changed for the LGBTQ community since his last IJ hearing.
Castro’s motion to reopen also included affidavits and letters, country reports, and
news articles, which the Board described as containing “reports of discrimination and
harassment against LGBTQ individuals in Belize.” But the Board held that the evidence
“does not speak to or establish changed country conditions that materially affect his
eligibility” and “does not support a finding that LGBTQ individuals suffer a significant
form of mistreatment as compared to when [Castro’s] removal hearing was conducted.”
We conclude that the Board’s assessment of the evidence is accurate. For example, 4 although Castro submitted affidavits and letters that generally spoke to his good
character, they did not address a change in conditions in Belize for members of the
LGBTQ community. The news articles described the police’s mistreatment of Castro in
1999, after he was accused of improperly obtaining Mayan artifacts. But the articles do
not demonstrate a relevant change in country conditions. Furthermore, the 2018 State
Department Human Rights Reports for Belize, which Castro included with his motion to
reopen, does not differ significantly from the 2017 Report in its description of violence
and discrimination against people based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. 2
In both of those Reports, the State Department stated that the “extent of discrimination
based on sexual orientation or gender identity was difficult to ascertain due to a lack of
official reporting.” Both Reports, as well as a March 2019 State Department travel
advisory, described individual acts of discrimination and hostility toward the LGBTQ
community. But those accounts did not suggest that conditions in Belize for LGBTQ
individuals have worsened or would support the grant of asylum. 3 In sum, the record did
not support Castro’s claim that there has been a change in country conditions sufficient to
warrant reopening.
2 The 2017 Report was available at the time of the IJ proceedings. See Filja, 447 F.3d at 252. 3 In his stay motion, Castro argues that he qualifies for reopening based “the COVID-19 Belize is struggling to contain.” The Government properly contends, however, that that claim is not properly before us because it was not raised before the BIA. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(d)(1); Castro v. Att’y Gen., 671 F.3d 356, 365 (3d Cir. 2012) (“A petitioner’s 5 The Board also concluded that Castro failed to establish grounds for sua sponte
reopening. As the Government correctly notes, we generally lack jurisdiction to review
the BIA’s discretionary denial of a motion for sua sponte reopening. See Park v. Att’y
Gen., 846 F.3d 645, 647-48, 650-51 (3d Cir. 2017); see also 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(a) There
are limited exceptions to his rule, including where the agency has relied on an incorrect
legal premise in reaching its decision, see Park, 846 F.3d at 651; Pllumi v. Att’y Gen.,
642 F.3d 155, 160 (3d Cir. 2011) (permitting review where the BIA “misperceived the
relevant law”), or where the BIA has meaningfully “limited its discretion via a policy,
rule, settled course of adjudication, or by some other method,” see Park, 846 F.3d at 653.
Castro has not invoked either of those exceptions and, in any event, those exceptions do
not apply here. Therefore, we lack jurisdiction to review the Board’s decision not to
reopen sua sponte.
Based on the foregoing, we will grant the Government’s motion and dismiss in
part and summarily deny in part the petition for review. Petitioner’s motion for a stay of
removal and his motion for appointment of counsel are denied. The Government’s
request to stay briefing is denied as moot.
failure to exhaust an issue by presenting it to the BIA deprives us of jurisdiction to consider that issue.”). 6