Antonio Burgin v. State of Mississippi

• Court: Court of Appeals of Mississippi
• Decided: November 2, 2021
• Docket: 2020-CP-01031-COA
• Status: Published

Opinion

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2020-CP-01031-COA

ANTONIO BURGIN APPELLANT

v.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 08/26/2020 TRIAL JUDGE: HON. JAMES T. KITCHENS JR. COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: LOWNDES COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ANTONIO BURGIN (PRO SE) ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL BY: META S. COPELAND NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POST-CONVICTION RELIEF DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 11/02/2021 MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED: MANDATE ISSUED:

BEFORE BARNES, C.J., GREENLEE AND SMITH, JJ.

GREENLEE, J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1. Antonio Burgin appeals from the Lowndes County Circuit Court’s denial of post-

conviction collateral relief (PCR). We affirm the circuit court’s judgment.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2. In 2011, Burgin was indicted for Count I, armed robbery, and Count II, aggravated

assault. Subsequently, in November 2012, Burgin pled guilty to armed robbery. In exchange

for Burgin’s guilty plea to armed robbery, the State recommended that the court retire to the

files Count II of Burgin’s indictment for aggravated assault. Finding Burgin’s plea to have

been entered voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently, the circuit court accepted Burgin’s

plea and sentenced him to serve twenty-three years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections, with five years of post-release supervision. The court also

ordered Burgin to pay restitution in the amount of $23,377.50 and court costs.1

¶3. Less than two years after sentencing, Burgin filed his first PCR motion claiming (1)

his sentence was illegal; (2) his plea was involuntary; (3) there was insufficient evidence to

support his conviction; and (4) he received ineffective assistance of counsel. The circuit

court denied post-conviction relief, and this Court affirmed. Burgin v. State, 180 So. 3d 725,

727 (¶1) (Miss. Ct. App. 2015).

¶4. Then Burgin filed another PCR motion claiming (1) his indictment was defective, (2)

his plea was involuntary, and (3) he received ineffective assistance of counsel. The circuit

court dismissed the PCR motion, and Burgin appealed again. However, Burgin’s appeal was

ultimately dismissed for failure to file an appellant’s brief. Burgin v. State, No. 2017-CP-

01299-COA (Miss. Ct. App. Apr. 11, 2018) (corrected dismissal notice).

¶5. On May 26, 2020, Burgin filed what appeared to be his third PCR motion.2 Burgin

raised several claims challenging the indictment, he challenged the court’s exercise of subject

matter jurisdiction, and he asserted that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. The

circuit court held that Burgin’s claims were without merit and dismissed the PCR motion

1 Although Burgin’s indictment was amended to charge him as a non-violent habitual offender, Burgin seemingly pled guilty as a non-habitual offender. 2 Burgin’s motion was titled “Motion to Dismiss Indictment Based on Defect in the Commencement of the Proceedings & the Charge.” However, “[a] pleading cognizable under the Uniform Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act (UPCCRA) will be treated as a motion for post-conviction relief that is subject to the procedural rules promulgated therein, regardless of how the plaintiff has denominated or characterized the pleading.” Watson v. State, 295 So. 3d 542, 543 (¶3) (Miss. Ct. App. 2019) (quoting Knox v. State, 75 So. 3d 1030, 1035 (¶12) (Miss. 2011)).

2 without a hearing.

¶6. Now Burgin appeals claiming (1) the indictment failed to charge an essential element

of the crime, (2) the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction because the indictment misstated

an essential element of the crime, and (3) he received ineffective assistance of counsel when

his attorney failed to challenge the indictment.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶7. “When reviewing a [circuit] court’s denial or dismissal of a PCR motion, we will only

disturb the [circuit] court’s decision if it is clearly erroneous; however, we review the

[circuit] court’s legal conclusions under a de novo standard of review.” Williams v. State,

228 So. 3d 844, 846 (¶5) (Miss. Ct. App. 2017) (quoting Thinnes v. State, 196 So. 3d 204,

207-08 (¶10) (Miss. Ct. App. 2016)).

DISCUSSION

¶8. Under the Mississippi Uniform Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act (UPCCRA),

Burgin had three years after the entry of the judgment of conviction to file a PCR motion.

Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-5(2) (Rev. 2020). Because Burgin’s PCR motion was filed more

than three years after the entry of the judgment of conviction, it is time-barred.

¶9. Additionally, under the UPCCRA, any order denying or dismissing a PCR motion is

a bar to a second or successive PCR motion. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-23(6) (Rev. 2020).

Because Burgin has filed at least one PCR motion and received a ruling, we find that the

current PCR motion is barred as successive, and his claims are also “barred by ordinary

principles of res judicata. . . .” Harris v. State, 313 So. 3d 500, 506 (¶17) (Miss. Ct. App.

3 2020). “[S]ince successive motions are not allowed, ‘a person who requests

post[-]conviction relief is obligated to place before the court all claims known to him and/or

of which he should have had knowledge.” Id. (quoting Nichols v. State, 265 So. 3d 1239,

1241 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App. 2018)). “The failure to do so results in a loss of his claims for a

second or successive petition.” Id.

¶10. It is true that “errors affecting fundamental rights may be excepted from procedural

bars.” Rowland v. State, 42 So. 3d 503, 505-06 (¶7) (Miss. 2010) (internal quotation marks

omitted). “The following ‘fundamental-rights exceptions have been expressly found to

survive procedural bars: (1) the right against double jeopardy; (2) the right to be free from

an illegal sentence; (3) the right to due process at sentencing; and (4) the right to not be

subject to ex post facto laws.’” Creel v. State, 305 So. 3d 417, 421 (¶9) (Miss. Ct. App.

2020) (quoting Nichols, 265 So. 3d at 1242 (¶10)). “In ‘extraordinary circumstances,’ the

right to effective assistance of counsel may also be excepted from the . . . procedural bars.”

Id. But “the mere assertion of a constitutional[-]right violation does not trigger the

exception.” Id. (quoting Evans v. State, 115 So. 3d 879, 881 (¶3) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013)).

To find an exception to the bar, “there must be some basis of truth for a claim.” Id. (citing

Mays v. State, 228 So. 3d 946, 948 (¶5) (Miss. Ct. App. 2017)). For the reasons discussed

below, Burgin’s claims fail to overcome the procedural bars.

I. Indictment

¶11. This Court has held that “a voluntary guilty plea waives ‘all technical, non-

jurisdictional defects in the indictment . . . .’” Smith v. State, 308 So. 3d 476, 480 (¶19)

4 (Miss. Ct. App. 2020) (quoting Gavin v State, 170 So. 3d 1242, 1243 (¶¶4-5) (Miss. Ct. App.

2015)). However, “a voluntary guilty plea will not waive a defect in the indictment: (1) when

the indictment fails to charge a necessary element of the crime, and (2) when the trial court

does not have subject matter jurisdiction.” Grimes v. State, 812 So. 2d 1094, 1097 (¶10)

(Miss. Ct. App. 2001) (citing Garrette v. State, 763 So. 2d 177, 180 (¶17) (Miss. Ct. App.

2000)).3

A. Elements

¶12. Uniform Rule of Circuit and County Court Practice 7.06, which governed Burgin’s

indictment, provided that the indictment “shall be a plain, concise and definite written

statement of the essential facts constituting the offense charged and shall fully notify the

defendant of the nature and cause of the accusation.”4 “As a general rule, an indictment

which tracks the language of a criminal statute is sufficient to inform the defendant of the

charge against him.” Dobbins v. State, 172 So. 3d 803, 804 (¶4) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013)

(quoting Ford v. State, 911 So. 2d 1007, 1012-13 (¶14) (Miss. Ct. App. 2005)). Mississippi

3 In the Appellant’s brief and reply brief, Burgin suggests that his plea was involuntary. However, this Court has held that “issues raised for the first time on appeal are procedurally barred from review as they have not first been addressed by the trial court.” Bland v. State, 312 So. 3d 417, 419 (¶11) (Miss. Ct. App. 2021) (quoting Griffin v. State, 824 So. 2d 632, 635 (¶7) (Miss. Ct. App. 2002)). Although Burgin did not challenge the voluntariness of his plea in the PCR motion that is the subject of this appeal, he raised the issue in his first PCR motion. Indeed, this Court has already found that “Burgin’s guilty plea was entered voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently.” Burgin, 180 So. 3d at 731 (¶22). In his reply brief, Burgin also takes issue with his sentence; however, the issue is procedurally barred for the same reason (i.e., the issue was not presented to the circuit court in his PCR motion). 4 This rule has since been supplanted by Rule 14.1 of the Mississippi Rules of Criminal Procedure, which became effective July 1, 2017.

5 Code Annotated section 97-3-79 (Rev. 2020) provides, in relevant part:

Every person who shall feloniously take or attempt to take from the person or from the presence the personal property of another and against his will by violence to his person or by putting such person in fear of immediate injury to his person by the exhibition of a deadly weapon shall be guilty of robbery . . . .

See also Jones v. State, 281 So. 3d 137, 146 (¶26) (Miss. Ct. App. 2019) (“The essential

elements of armed robbery are: (1) a felonious taking or attempt to take, (2) from the person

or from the presence, (3) the personal property of another, (4) against his will, (5) by violence

to his person or by putting such person in fear of immediate injury to his person by the

exhibition of a deadly weapon.”). “[A]ccording to the statute, ‘the crime of armed robbery

is complete at the attempt.’” White v. State, 969 So. 2d 72, 82 (¶38) (Miss. Ct. App. 2007)

(quoting Calhoun v. State, 881 So. 2d 308, 311 (¶12) (Miss. Ct. App. 2004)).

¶13. Count I of Burgin’s indictment provided that in Lowndes County on or about

September 25, 2010,

[Antonio Burgin] did unlawfully, willfully, and feloniously, attempt to take, steal, and carry away from the person or presence of Hussein Alhajjaji, the personal property of Hussein Alhajjaj[i], to-wit: Money, against the will of the said Hussein Alhajjaji and without his consent by putting the said Hussein Alhajjaj[i] in fear of immediate injury to his person by the exhibition of a deadly weapon, to-wit: a pistol, contrary to the form of the statutes in such cases made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the State of Mississippi[.]

¶14. Burgin argues the “indictment contains no explicit charge of the exhibition of a deadly

weapon.” However, our review of Burgin’s indictment reflects that it tracks the language

of section 97-3-79 and sets forth the elements of the crime. Burgin’s indictment plainly

states that he used a pistol. Additionally, this Court has previously held that Burgin’s

6 indictment “tracked the language of section 97-3-79 and properly charged Burgin with armed

robbery by the exhibition of a deadly weapon.” Burgin, 180 So. 3d at 730 (¶15). Therefore,

this issue is without merit.5

B. Jurisdiction

¶15. Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-11-3 (Rev. 2020) establishes that “[t]he local

jurisdiction of all offenses, unless otherwise provided by law, shall be in the county where

committed.” This Court has held that “[a] circuit court obtains ‘subject-matter jurisdiction

over the subject of a particular offense’ when ‘an indictment charging the essential elements

of a crime is served on a defendant.’” Cook v. State, 301 So. 3d 766, 773 (¶16) (Miss. Ct.

App. 2020) (quoting Raine v. State, 151 So. 3d 216, 219 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App. 2014)).

Additionally, “[t]rial courts are permitted to rely upon an appellant’s sworn testimony from

a plea hearing which contradicts assertions made in the PCR motion.” Id.

¶16. Burgin’s indictment states that a Lowndes County grand jury indicted him for armed

robbery and aggravated assault that took place in Lowndes County. Burgin never asserted

that the crimes did not take place in Lowndes County where he entered his guilty plea.

Additionally, the indictment set forth the elements of the crime. Therefore, Burgin’s

argument concerning the court’s lack of jurisdiction is without merit.

II. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

¶17. In order to prove ineffective assistance of counsel, “the defendant must show that his

5 Burgin seemingly claims that the statute is ambiguous. However, as stated, “issues raised for the first time on appeal are procedurally barred from review as they have not first been addressed by the trial court.” Bland, 312 So. 3d at 419 (¶11) (quoting Griffin, 824 So. 2d at 635 (¶7)).

7 trial counsel’s performance was deficient, and he was prejudiced by that deficiency.” Magee

v. State, 270 So. 3d 225, 229 (¶16) (Miss. Ct. App. 2018) (citing McCollum v. State, 81 So.

3d 1191, 1192-93 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App. 2012)). “In the context of a guilty plea, the defendant

must show that his ‘counsel’s errors proximately resulted in the guilty plea and, but for

counsel’s error, the defendant would not have entered the guilty plea.’” Id. (quoting Wash

v. State, 218 So. 3d 764, 766 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App. 2017)). “There is a strong rebuttable

presumption that counsel’s conduct falls ‘within the wide range of reasonable professional

assistance.’” Id. at 229-30 (¶16) (quoting Wash, 218 So. 3d at 767 (¶6)). Furthermore, “[t]he

‘specificity’ necessary to establish an ineffective-assistance claim ‘requires more than a

party’s own affidavit or mere assertions made within his brief.’” McCoy v. State, 111 So. 3d

673, 679 (¶21) (Miss. Ct. App. 2012) (quoting Clark v. State, 54 So. 3d 304, 308 (¶13) (Miss.

Ct. App. 2011)).

¶18. Burgin claims that he received ineffective assistance of counsel when his attorney

failed to challenge the indictment. However, because the indictment was not defective, the

attorney’s failure to challenge the indictment did not constitute deficient performance.

Accordingly, this issue is without merit.

CONCLUSION

¶19. Burgin has failed to demonstrate that there is any merit to his claims, and they are not

excepted from the procedural bars. Therefore, we affirm the circuit court’s judgment.

¶20. AFFIRMED.

BARNES, C.J., CARLTON, P.J., WESTBROOKS, McDONALD, LAWRENCE, McCARTY, SMITH AND EMFINGER, JJ., CONCUR. WILSON, P.J., CONCURS

8 IN PART AND IN THE RESULT WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.