No. 2--06--0430 Filed: 5-4-07 _________________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
SECOND DISTRICT _________________________________________________________________________________
ANTIOCH COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL ) Appeal from the Circuit Court DISTRICT 17, ) of Lake County. ) Plaintiff-Appellant, ) ) v. ) No. 05--AR--2045 ) THE BOARD OF EDUCATION, ) PROVISO TOWNSHIP HIGH SCHOOL ) DISTRICT 209, ) Honorable ) Wallace B. Dunn, Defendant-Appellee. ) Judge, Presiding. _________________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE BYRNE delivered the opinion of the court:
Plaintiff, Antioch Community High School District 17 (Antioch), filed a three-count
complaint seeking reimbursement from defendant, the Board of Education, Proviso Township High
School District 209 (Proviso), for the educational component of residential services provided to
Carlos J., a minor. For three months, Carlos was a resident at the Gateway Youth Care Foundation
(Gateway), which is a private residential alcohol and drug treatment facility within Antioch's
attendance borders. During Carlos's stay, his mother resided in Maywood, which is within Proviso's
attendance borders.
Antioch alleges that section 10--20.12a of the School Code (Code) (105 ILCS 5/10--20.12a
(West 2004)) obligated Proviso to pay for Carlos's educational services because his mother had
retained custody of him and resided within Proviso's boundaries. Proviso responds that Carlos was No. 2--06--0430
placed at Gateway pursuant to the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 (Act) (705 ILCS 405/1--1 et seq.
(West 2004)), and because Proviso had no input into Carlos's placement, the reimbursement
provisions of the Code do not apply.
The parties filed opposing motions for summary judgment. The trial court granted Proviso
summary judgment, concluding that Carlos was a ward of the juvenile court and that, therefore, the
court had placed him as a resident of Antioch. Antioch appeals, arguing that the reimbursement
provisions of the Code entitle it to reimbursement from Proviso. Consistent with the supreme court's
recent decision in In re D.D., 212 Ill. 2d 410 (2004), we hold that, because Carlos's placement was
accomplished not under the Code but exclusively pursuant to the Act and Proviso had no input into
his placement, Antioch may not obtain reimbursement under the Code. We affirm.
FACTS
On October 5, 2005, Antioch filed a three-count complaint alleging claims for reimbursement
under the Code (see 105 ILCS 5/10--20.12a (West 2004)), unjust enrichment, and quantum meruit.
Antioch alleges damages of $6,052 for Gateway's cost of educational services to Carlos.
On January 9, 2006, Proviso moved for summary judgment, arguing that, while the Code
generally provides for the type of reimbursement sought by Antioch, such reimbursement is not
warranted in this case because (1) Proviso was not involved in placing Carlos at Gateway, (2)
Proviso was never alerted to his special needs, and (3) there was no determination that Proviso could
not meet Carlos's needs within its own boundaries.
In support of its summary judgment motion, Antioch attached documents showing that, since
January 2004, Carlos' mother, Sharese Bell, has lived at a residence within Proviso's attendance
borders. Proviso countered with an affidavit in which Proviso's superintendent stated that Carlos has
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never been enrolled in one of Proviso's schools. Proviso also submitted an order dated April 19,
2004, in which the circuit court of Cook County ordered that Carlos "complete the Gateway Youth
Care Residential Program in Lake Villa." The record also contains a document labeled "Gateway
Educational Program Intake Face Sheet," which identifies the Juvenile Probation Department of
Cook County as the agency placing Carlos at Gateway. In its opening brief, Antioch admits that
"th[e] placement was ordered as a condition of Carlos' probation in Juvenile Court case number 02--
JD--04694, a delinquency matter."
From May 5, 2004, to August 6, 2004, Carlos was enrolled at Gateway for 56 school days.
Each month during Carlos's stay, Antioch billed Proviso for the educational services. Proviso denied
financial liability and refused to pay any of the bills. According to Proviso, it did not learn of
Carlos's placement until Antioch began submitting the bills.
The trial court granted Proviso summary judgment on count I of the complaint, which sought
reimbursement under the Code (see 105 ILCS 5/10--20.12a (West 2004)). The parties stipulated
that, for purposes of appeal, the summary judgment ruling would also apply to counts II and III,
which alleged the claims of unjust enrichment and quantum meruit. The trial court entered a written
finding of appealability under Supreme Court Rule 304(a) (210 Ill. 2d R. 304(a)), and Antioch's
timely appeal followed.
ANALYSIS
The law of summary judgment is well settled. In an appeal from a summary judgment ruling,
we conduct a de novo review. Outboard Marine Corp. v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., 154 Ill. 2d
90, 102 (1992). Summary judgment is governed by the provisions of section 2--1005 of the Code
of Civil Procedure. 735 ILCS 5/2--1005 (West 2004). Under section 2--1005(c), a party is entitled
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to summary judgment "if the pleadings, depositions, and admissions on file, together with the
affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party
is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." 735 ILCS 5/2--1005(c) (West 2004). Because summary
judgment is a drastic method of terminating litigation, the movant's entitlement must be free from
doubt. Logan v. Old Enterprise Farms, Ltd., 139 Ill. 2d 229, 233 (1990). Accordingly, the reviewing
court must construe the evidence strictly against the movant and liberally in favor of the nonmoving
party. Logan, 139 Ill. 2d at 234. Where reasonable persons could draw divergent inferences from
undisputed facts, summary judgment should be denied. Loyola Academy v. S & S Roof
Maintenance, Inc., 146 Ill. 2d 263, 272 (1992).
When, as in this case, "the parties file cross-motions for summary judgment, they concede
the absence of a genuine issue of material fact and invite the court to decide the questions presented
as a matter of law." Bangert v. Northern Trust Co., 362 Ill. App. 3d 402, 407 (2005). "However,
the filing of cross-motions for summary judgment does not establish the absence of issues of material
fact and does not oblige a trial court to rule without further fact-finding; this court, reviewing the
grant of summary judgment de novo, may determine that, despite the summary judgment filings, a
material issue of fact remains which precludes the entry of summary judgment for either party."
Kalis v. Colgate-Palmolive Co., 357 Ill. App. 3d 172, 174 (2005).
Antioch confines its appellate argument to count I of its complaint, which alleged a claim for
reimbursement under the Code. For purposes of section 10--20.12b of the Code, the residence of
a person who has legal custody of a pupil is deemed to be the residence of the pupil, and "legal
custody" can mean custody exercised by a natural or adoptive parent with whom the pupil resides.
105 ILCS 5/10--20.12b(a) (West 2004). Antioch argues that, pursuant to section 10--20.12b(a),
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Carlos was a resident of Proviso during his stay at Gateway because his mother lived within
Proviso's borders and had legal custody of him.
Based on the premise that Carlos was treated at Gateway for drug and alcohol dependency
while a resident of Proviso pursuant to section 10--20.12b(a) of the Code, Antioch alleges a claim
for reimbursement for educational services under section 10--20.12a. Section 10--20.12a of the
Code provides in relevant part as follows:
"Unless otherwise agreed to by the parties involved and where the educational
services are not otherwise provided for, educational services for an Illinois student under the
age of 21 in a residential program designed to correct alcohol or other drug dependencies
shall be provided by the district in which the facility is located and financed as follows. The
cost of educational services shall be paid by the district in which the student resides in an
amount equal to the cost of providing educational services in a treatment facility. Payments
shall be made by the district of the student's residence and shall be made to the district
wherein the facility is located no less than once per month unless otherwise agreed to by the
parties." 105 ILCS 5/10--20.12a (West 2004).
Proviso argues that Carlos was placed at Gateway pursuant to the Act and that, therefore, any
potential reimbursement would be prescribed by the Act, not the Code. Proviso concludes that the
Act does not obligate it to reimburse Antioch. Antioch counters that, because (1) it stakes its claim
for reimbursement under the Code rather than the Act; and (2) Carlos remained a resident of Proviso
under the Code, section 10--20.12a of the Code obligates Proviso to pay for the educational
component of Carlos's residential placement. Contrary to Antioch's assertion, this case is governed
by D.D., which supports Proviso's position.
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D.D., a special education student, was adjudicated a delinquent minor and placed on
probation under section 5--715 of the Act (705 ILCS 405/5--715 (West 1998)). As a condition of
probation, the juvenile court placed D.D. at a residential treatment and education center in Utah.
D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 412. The juvenile court ordered D.D.'s resident school district to pay the State
for the educational component of D.D.'s residential placement at the center. The appellate court
reversed the order, ruling that the juvenile court lacked authority under the Code and the Act to order
the school district to pay the State for the educational component of D.D.'s residential placement.
D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 413.
In D.D., the supreme court harmonized the Act and the Code in the context of reimbursement
for a special education student's educational expenses, and that harmonization guides our analysis.
At issue was whether either the Act or the Code obligated D.D.'s resident school district to reimburse
the State for the educational portion of his out-of-state residential placement. D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at
419.
The court began by setting forth the State's obligation under the Code to arrange placement
for special education students like D.D. Article 14 of the Code, entitled "Children With
Disabilities," provides that the State Board of Education must promulgate rules to insure that
children with disabilities are provided a "free and appropriate public education" (FAPE) as mandated
by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (20 U.S.C. §1400 et seq. (2000)). 105
ILCS 5/14--8.02(a) (West 1998); D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 420. To that end, section 14--1.02 of the Code
provides that "an individualized education program" must be written and agreed upon by appropriate
school personnel and guardians for any child receiving special education. 105 ILCS 5/14--1.02
(West 1998); D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 420. "Section 14--8.03 of the School Code provides a framework
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for school districts to implement the individualized education plan (IEP) for eligible students. 105
ILCS 5/14--8.03 (West 1998)." D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 420. "[A] school district shall consider and
develop 'the transition goals and supports for eligible students with disabilities' at the IEP meeting
and provide services as identified in the student's individualized education plan. 105 ILCS 5/14--
8.03 (West 1998)." D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 420-21. Mindful of the outcome-oriented statutory goals,
"the school district's responsibilities to deliver specific educational services, including vocational
training and community living skills instruction, are clarified. 105 ILCS 5/14--8.03 (West 1998)."
D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 421. "Every year, a summary of the 'student's transition goals and needed
supports,' resulting from the IEP, is submitted to the appropriate local 'Transition Planning
Committee.' 105 ILCS 5/14--8.03 (West 1998)." D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 421.
"When a student's resident school district is unable to meet the student's disability needs, the
student is eligible to receive educational services elsewhere." D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 421, citing 105
ILCS 5/14--7.01, 14--7.02 (West 1998). In cases where the student receives those services by
attending a private school, public out-of-state school, public-school residential facility, or private
special education facility, the school or facility is entitled to reimbursement from the student's
resident district, but any educational or related services provided " 'shall be at no cost to the parent
or guardian of the child.' " D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 421-22, quoting 105 ILCS 5/14--7.02 (West 1998).
The D.D. court also set forth the analogous provisions for placing delinquent minors pursuant
to the Act. "If the [juvenile] court finds that the minor is guilty of an offense, the court sets 'a time
for a sentencing hearing to be conducted under section 5--705 at which hearing the court ***
determine[s] whether it is in the best interests of the minor and the public that he or she be made a
ward of the court.' 705 ILCS 405/5--620 (West 1998)." D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 423. " '[I]f [the minor]
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is *** made a ward of the court, the court *** determine[s] the proper disposition best serving the
interests of the minor and the public.' 705 ILCS 405/5--705 (West 1998)." D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 423.
"As part of a minor's sentence, the court may (1) place the minor on probation (705 ILCS 405/5--715
(West 1998)); or (2) place the minor with another guardian or commit the minor to an appropriate
facility or institution in accordance with section 5--740 of the Act (705 ILCS 405/5--740 (West
1998)), with or without being placed on probation or court supervision. 705 ILCS 405/5--710 (West
1998)." D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 423.
"Section 5--715 addresses what requirements may be placed upon a sentenced minor as a
condition of probation. 705 ILCS 405/5--715 (West 1998). Among others, the court may require
that the minor attend or reside in a facility established for the instruction or residence of persons on
probation. 705 ILCS 405/5--715 (West 1998). Section 5--740 of the Act likewise authorizes the
court to place the delinquent minor in an appropriate facility. 705 ILCS 405/5--740 (West 1998)."
D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 423.
The supreme court found that D.D.'s out-of-state residential placement was initiated not
under the Code, but rather as a result of D.D.'s probation violation pursuant to section 5--715 of the
Act. D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 425. The court emphasized that the adequacy of D.D.'s resident district
"was not considered at all" in ordering D.D. to an out-of-state facility and that, therefore, the
noncompliance with section 14--8.03 of the Code barred the State from reimbursement under section
14--7.02. D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 426. The court further noted that the juvenile court did not order
D.D.'s placement for an educational purpose. D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 429. The D.D. court held that
"[w]hile the State attempts to reach outside the parameters of the Juvenile Court Act to the School
Code, relying on provisions for reimbursement from resident school districts, it ignores the School
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Code provisions requiring resident school districts to be involved in special education placements."
D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 426. The court unambiguously stated, "we hold fast to our conclusion that,
because the placement was not accomplished under the School Code, but rather exclusively under
the Juvenile Court Act, no provision of the School Code operates to compel school district
reimbursement in this case." D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 427.
Antioch argues that D.D. does not apply here because in D.D. the State sought reimbursement
for special education services from D.D.'s resident school district pursuant to section 14--7.02b of
the Code, whereas in this case Antioch seeks reimbursement from Proviso pursuant to section 10--
20.12a of the Code. We view this distinction as one without a difference. D.D. teaches that
reimbursement from a resident school district is appropriate only if it is prescribed by the statutory
scheme under which the minor was placed. In other words, if a minor is placed in a facility pursuant
to the Act, reimbursement is proper only as provided under the Act. Similarly, if a minor is placed
pursuant to the Code, reimbursement is proper only as provided under the Code. D.D. was not
placed pursuant to the Code, and therefore reimbursement under the Code was not appropriate. D.D.
compels a similar result in this case because we conclude that Carlos was placed at Gateway not
under the Code but exclusively under the Act.
The parties agree that Carlos was adjudicated delinquent by the juvenile division of the Cook
County circuit court and that Carlos's placement at Gateway was a condition of his probation under
section 5--715 of the Act. Furthermore, nothing suggests that Carlos's placement was for an
educational purpose or otherwise related to the Code. Carlos was not placed at Gateway as a special
education student like D.D., and Antioch cites no section of the Code under which he might have
been placed as a regular education student.
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Antioch argues that Carlos was placed as a regular education student and that D.D. does not
apply because it is limited to cases involving placements of special education students. However,
a brief overview of section 10--20.12b(c) of the Code illustrates that a regular education student's
placement under the Code is not made in a vacuum; the person who placed the student is entitled to
a hearing to determine the student's residency status.
Section 10--20.12b of the Code provides the framework for determining residency and
reimbursement obligations of resident school districts. Section 10--20.12b(c) provides as follows:
"If a school board in a school district with a population of less than 500,000 determines that
a pupil who is attending school in the district on a tuition free basis is a nonresident of the
district for whom tuition is required to be charged under Section 10--20.12a, the board shall
notify the person who enrolled the pupil of the amount of the tuition charged under Section
10--20.12a that is due to the district for the nonresident pupil's attendance in the district's
schools. The notice shall be given by certified mail, return receipt requested. Within 10 days
after receipt of the notice, the person who enrolled the pupil may request a hearing to review
the determination of the school board. The request shall be sent by certified mail, return
receipt requested, to the district superintendent. Within 10 days after receipt of the request,
the board shall notify, by certified mail, return receipt requested, the person requesting the
hearing of the time and place of the hearing, which shall be held not less than 10 nor more
than 20 days after the notice of hearing is given. The board or a hearing officer designated
by the board shall conduct the hearing. The board and the person who enrolled the pupil may
be represented at the hearing by representatives of their choice. At the hearing, the person
who enrolled the pupil shall have the burden of going forward with the evidence concerning
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the pupil's residency. If the hearing is conducted by a hearing officer, the hearing officer,
within 5 days after the conclusion of the hearing, shall send a written report of his or her
findings by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the school board and to the person who
enrolled the pupil. The person who enrolled the pupil may, within 5 days after receiving the
findings, file written objections to the findings with the school board by sending the
objections by certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the district superintendent.
Whether the hearing is conducted by the school board or a hearing officer, the school board
shall, within 15 days after the conclusion of the hearing, decide whether or not the pupil is
a resident of the district and the amount of any tuition required to be charged under Section
10--20.12a as a result of the pupil's attendance in the schools of the district. The school
board shall send a copy of its decision to the person who enrolled the pupil, and the decision
of the school board shall be final." (Emphasis added.) 105 ILCS 5/10--20.12b(c) (West
2004).
If Carlos had indeed been placed at Gateway pursuant to the Code, section 10--20.12b(c)
would have required Antioch to notify "the person who enrolled" Carlos of the cost of his
nonresident tuition and then to afford that person the opportunity to challenge the determination of
nonresidency. In this case, the juvenile court directed Carlos to be enrolled, and neither his mother
nor Proviso would have been entitled to any input in the proceedings for determining Proviso's
reimbursement obligation under section 10--20.12b(c). If we were to adopt Antioch's position,
section 10--20.12b(c) would have triggered the juvenile court's involvement as a party in school
board proceedings to determine whether Carlos was a resident of Proviso or Antioch. The interest
in avoiding such an absurd result supports our conclusion that Carlos's placement was not
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accomplished under the Code. See Shively v. Belleville Township High School District No. 201,
329 Ill. App. 3d 1156, 1165-66 (2002) (the cardinal rule of statutory construction is to ascertain and
give effect to the true intent and meaning of the legislature, and a statute should not be construed to
produce an absurd, unjust, or unreasonable result).
The parties agree that Carlos was placed at Gateway as a condition of his probation under
section 5--715 of the Act, and Antioch argues at length about the differences between independent
placements under section 5--740 and placements made as conditions of probation. However, the
D.D. court declared it irrelevant whether a student's placement was ordered as a condition of
probation (705 ILCS 405/5--715 (West 1998)) or as an independent placement (705 ILCS 405/5--740
(West 1998)); the operative fact is that the student is placed not under the Code but exclusively under
the Act. D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 425-26.
We reject Antioch's assertion that Carbondale Community High School District No. 165 v.
Herrin Community Unit School District No. 4, 303 Ill. App. 3d 656 (1999), compels us to reverse
the entry of summary judgment for Proviso. In that case, Carbondale, the serving district, sought
reimbursement from Herrin under section 10--20.12a for educational services provided to a minor
who resided within Herrin. Carbondale, 303 Ill. App. 3d at 657. Pursuant to section 2--3.13a of the
Code (105 ILCS 5/2--3.13a (West 1996)), the minor had been expelled from Herrin's schools for a
drug-related offense, and that section barred him from attending a "public school." Carbondale, 303
Ill. App. 3d at 658-59. During the one-year period of expulsion, the minor was enrolled for eight
days at a Gateway facility in Carbondale. Carbondale, 303 Ill. App. 3d at 657. The appellate court
reconciled the expulsion section and the reimbursement section of the Code. The court held that
reimbursement was proper because the expulsion section did not bar an expelled student from
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obtaining educational services at a facility other than a public school. Carbondale, 303 Ill. App. 3d
at 660. The court emphasized that "[w]hen a youth *** is expelled from one school district and,
while being enrolled in a residential treatment facility, receives educational services from another
district, that youth is not attending a public school [which would be barred by the expulsion section];
he is receiving education services" which would be allowed by the expulsion section and
reimbursable under section 10--20.12a. Carbondale, 303 Ill. App. 3d at 660.
Antioch cites Carbondale for the proposition that section 10--20.12a "allows for
reimbursement to the serving district regardless of whether the resident district was involved in the
placement." However, the opinion does not make clear whether the placement was accomplished
through the Act or the Code. According to D.D., the method of placing the minor is the operative
fact in determining whether reimbursement is allowed under section 10--20.12a of the Code.
Because we do not know whether the minor in Carbondale was placed (1) as a term of probation or
an independent placement under the Act or (2) under the Code, the case provides little guidance in
light of D.D. Carbondale is an appellate court disposition that predates the supreme court's decision
in D.D., and therefore, to the extent that Carbondale conflicts with D.D., D.D. takes precedence and
we need not follow Carbondale.
Because Carlos's placement was accomplished not under the Code but exclusively under the
Act, "no provision of the School Code operates to compel school district reimbursement in this
case." See D.D., 212 Ill. 2d at 427. Instead, the Act governs any reimbursement that might be
available to Antioch. For Antioch's benefit, we note that section 6--7 of the Act provides that "[e]ach
county board shall provide in its annual appropriation ordinance or annual budget, as the case may
be, a reasonable sum for payments for the care and support of minors, and for payments for court
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appointed counsel in accordance with orders entered under this Act in an amount which in the
judgment of the county board may be needed for that purpose." 705 ILCS 405/6--7(1) (West 2004).
Furthermore, "[n]o county may be charged with the care and support of any minor who is not a
resident of the county unless his parents or guardian are unknown or the minor's place of residence
cannot be determined." 705 ILCS 405/6--7(2) (West 2004). This disposition does not limit any
remedy that might be available to Antioch under the Act.
For the preceding reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Lake County is affirmed.
Affirmed.
HUTCHINSON and CALLUM, JJ., concur.
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