Anthony v. State

843 So. 2d 51, 2002 WL 31058110
CourtCourt of Appeals of Mississippi
DecidedSeptember 17, 2002
Docket2001-KA-00580-COA
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 843 So. 2d 51 (Anthony v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Mississippi primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Anthony v. State, 843 So. 2d 51, 2002 WL 31058110 (Mich. Ct. App. 2002).

Opinion

843 So.2d 51 (2002)

Robert ANTHONY, Appellant,
v.
STATE of Mississippi, Appellee.

No. 2001-KA-00580-COA.

Court of Appeals of Mississippi.

September 17, 2002.
Rehearing Denied December 3, 2002.
Certiorari Denied April 17, 2003.

*52 Phillip Broadhead, Thomas M. Fortner, Jackson, attorneys for appellant.

Office of the Attorney General, by Jean Smith Vaughan, attorney for appellee.

Before SOUTHWICK, P.J., LEE and MYERS, JJ.

SOUTHWICK, P.J., for the court.

¶ 1. A circuit court jury found Robert Anthony guilty of murder. He was sentenced as an habitual offender. On appeal, Anthony argues that his constitutional right to a speedy trial was abridged, that evidence was erroneously admitted, and that the court should have directed a verdict for him or granted a new trial. We *53 find Anthony's arguments lack merit and affirm.

STATEMENT OF THE FACTS

¶ 2. On March 22, 1999, between 11:00 p.m. and midnight, Robert Anthony threatened to kill his girlfriend, Brenda Harper, if she interfered with his tax refund check. He was quoted as saying "if I catch you going to that mailbox, I am going to kill you." The next day, Harper was killed by a gunshot wound to the head. A witness reported that between 5:00 and 5:45 p.m. he heard the gunshot and saw a woman's body being put into a dark colored sport utility vehicle with wood grain panels by a "tall thin black man." Harper was later discovered, dying but not yet dead, at the side of an abandoned house.

¶ 3. A few days later, Anthony was arrested for Harper's murder. An indictment was returned on October 12, 1999, but the trial was not held until May 21-23, 2001. The State's case against Anthony was largely circumstantial. There was uncertainty about the make of the assailant's vehicle, though all witnesses agreed that it was a dark colored sport utility vehicle with paneled sides. Investigators found traces of Harper's blood in Anthony's Jeep, but could not establish how long it had been there. A tire track impression from the scene where Harper was found did not match Anthony's vehicle. Safety glass consistent with broken automobile windows was found on Harper at the hospital. Anthony had replaced two windows of his Jeep within three days after the murder, and a witness from the repair shop noticed plastic sheeting on the seats.

¶ 4. Anthony was found guilty and his appeal has been deflected here.

DISCUSSION

1. Speedy Trial

¶ 5. Anthony challenges the court's denial of a motion to dismiss for failure to provide a speedy trial. Most of Anthony's argument focuses on a claimed constitutional error. There is reference to the statutory requirements as well, and thus we will discuss both kinds of claims.

¶ 6. These are the applicable dates.

03/28/99    Anthony arrested
10/12/99    Grand jury returns indictment
11/01/99    Capias executed
01/13/00    Motion for speedy trial
04/05/00    Motion for speedy trial
06/22/00    Continuance granted
11/15/00    Letter filed with clerk
02/05/01    Motion to dismiss (pro se)
02/08/01    Continuance granted
02/26/01    Motion to dismiss
04/10/01    Motion to dismiss for failure of
            speedy trial
05/21/01    Trial

A. Constitutional right to speedy trial

¶ 7. The United States Supreme Court has articulated considerations for judging whether the constitutional right to a speedy trial has been denied. Four factors are to be examined in light of the totality of the circumstances: (1) the length of the delay; (2) the reason for the delay; (3) the defendant's assertion of right; and (4) the prejudice to the defendant. Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 530-32, 92 S.Ct. 2182, 33 L.Ed.2d 101 (1972). We examine each in turn.

(1) The length of the delay

¶ 8. Over two years passed between Anthony's arrest and his trial. A delay of more than eight months between those events creates a presumption of prejudice and obligates the court to consider the other three factors. Sharp v. State, 786 So.2d 372, 380 (Miss.2001).

¶ 9. We note that a long delay by itself does not create a denial of this constitutional right. Longer delays have survived challenge. See, e.g., Smith v. State, 489 So.2d 1389 (Miss.1986) (7 years); Barker v. *54 Wingo (5 years); Hughey v. State, 512 So.2d 4 (Miss.1987)(33 months).

(2) The reason for the delay

¶ 10. Among the reasons for the delays were continuances for DNA testing, plea negotiations between the parties, and agreed continuances. Neither party disputes that the time from arrest in March of 1999 through the obtaining of results from DNA testing of blood samples which became available in August of 1999 was tolled in favor of the State. Furthermore, plea negotiations were an important and lengthy contributor to the delay. Anthony's involvement in the plea bargaining caused some delay. Finally, Anthony admitted to four months of delays in continuances. "If the defendant is the cause of the delay, he cannot complain thereafter." Reed v. State, 506 So.2d 277, 281 (Miss. 1987). We find sufficient justifications for the delay as to prevent this factor from weighing against the State. At worst it would be neutral.

(3) The defendant's assertion of right

¶ 11. The docket reflects that Anthony filed a motion for speedy trial in January and April 2000, and filed motions to dismiss in April 2000, February 2001, and April 2001, the last being a few weeks before trial began. In addition, Anthony mailed a letter to the court in November 2000, which from statements during the sole transcribed hearing on motions appears also to have been a request for a speedy trial. There is only one ruling in the record on any of these motions. That occurred on the first day of trial, and after a brief oral argument a motion to dismiss for abridgment of speedy trial rights was denied. It is a party's duty to obtain rulings on motions and to ensure the completeness of the record. Gayten v. State, 595 So.2d 409, 413 (Miss.1992).

¶ 12. Motions that request dismissal on speedy trial grounds as opposed to seeking the court's assistance in requiring a trial have been found insufficient to constitute an assertion of the right under this Barker factor. Perry v. State, 637 So.2d 871, 875 (Miss.1994). At least three of the motions sought dismissal and not a trial.

¶ 13. We find no weight to this factor.

(4) The prejudice to the defendant

¶ 14. The right to a speedy trial affects these interests: (a) protect against oppressive pretrial incarceration; (b) minimize anxiety and concern of the defendant; and (c) limit the possibility that the defense will be impaired. Barker, 407 U.S. at 532, 92 S.Ct. 2182. Incarceration alone is insufficient prejudice to warrant reversal. Birkley v. State, 750 So.2d 1245, 1252 (Miss.1999).

¶ 15. The only relevant prejudice argued is a general impact on the defense resulting from potential memory loss by witnesses. There is no specific allegation of a witness who was critical to the defense whose memory failed or availability was lost. Anthony has failed to demonstrate any prejudice other than that presumed under the first Barker factor.

¶ 16. After balancing the factors in the Barker analysis, we find that Anthony's constitutional right to a speedy trial was not violated.

B. Statutory right to speedy trial

¶ 17.

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Bluebook (online)
843 So. 2d 51, 2002 WL 31058110, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/anthony-v-state-missctapp-2002.