COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA UNPUBLISHED
Present: Judges Huff, Fulton and White Argued at Norfolk, Virginia
ANTHONY STERLING SALISBURY MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 0467-22-1 JUDGE KIMBERLEY SLAYTON WHITE MARCH 14, 2023 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH Steven C. Frucci, Judge
Diane P. Toscano (Toscano Law Group, P.C., on brief), for appellant.
Andrew T. Hull, Assistant Attorney General (Jason S. Miyares, Attorney General; Jeff S. Howell, Jr., Assistant Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
After a bench trial, the Circuit Court of the City of Virginia Beach convicted Anthony
Sterling Salisbury of assault and battery of a law enforcement officer and public intoxication. By
final order entered March 1, 2022, the trial court sentenced Salisbury to two years’ imprisonment
with all but six months suspended. Salisbury contends that the evidence is insufficient to support
his conviction for assault and battery of a law enforcement officer because the Commonwealth
failed to prove that he intended to harm or injure the officer. For the following reasons, we affirm.
BACKGROUND
On appeal, we review the evidence “in the ‘light most favorable’ to the Commonwealth,
the prevailing party in the trial court.” Hammer v. Commonwealth, 74 Va. App. 225, 231 (2022)
(quoting Commonwealth v. Cady, 300 Va. 325, 329 (2021)). Doing so requires us to “discard the
* This opinion is not designated for publication. See Code § 17.1 413. evidence of the accused in conflict with that of the Commonwealth, and regard as true all the
credible evidence favorable to the Commonwealth and all fair inferences to be drawn therefrom.”
Cady, 300 Va. at 329 (quoting Commonwealth v. Perkins, 295 Va. 323, 324 (2018)).
On New Year’s Eve in 2020, Virginia Beach Patrol Officer Heward responded to a report
that Salisbury was intoxicated and driving his vehicle erratically in the parking lot of a local bar.
When Officer Heward arrived at the bar around 11:00 p.m., she saw Salisbury’s vehicle parked
across two parking spaces. Officer Heward located Salisbury on the bar’s patio and told him that
“he needed to make sure that he got a ride home.” Salisbury started arguing with Officer Heward,
telling her that she “didn’t have a reason to be talking to him” and asking for her name and badge
number. Officer Heward noticed a “strong odor of alcohol” coming from Salisbury, that he had
“bloodshot, watery, glassy eyes,” and that he was slurring his speech.
As Officer Heward returned to the parking lot, Officer Girvin arrived at the scene. The
officers then saw Salisbury leave the bar, remove a soccer ball from the trunk of his vehicle, and
begin kicking the ball around the parking lot. After Salisbury “almost fell into the street into
oncoming traffic,” Officer Girvin arrested him for public intoxication. Salisbury refused to put his
hands behind his back and “kept flexing” to prevent Officer Girvin from handcuffing him. When
the officers tried to search him incident to the arrest, he “kept turning away.”
As Officer Girvin walked Salisbury to his squad vehicle, Salisbury repeatedly shifted his
weight to “get in Officer Girvin’s face.” The officers ordered Salisbury to sit in the rear driver’s
side seat of the squad vehicle, but he refused their numerous demands. Officer Heward went to the
rear passenger’s side door and lifted Salisbury’s upper body into the vehicle while Officer Girvin
lifted his feet on the driver’s side. Salisbury objected that they had no reason to arrest him and that
Officer Girvin “wasn’t a real police officer.”
-2- After the officers lifted Salisbury into the vehicle, he eventually placed his feet on the
floorboard. When Officer Girvin attempted to close the door, Salisbury kicked the officer’s right
thigh. Officer Girvin told Officer Heward that Salisbury had kicked him. Salisbury “kept telling”
the officers that they “were not doing [their] jobs properly, and that he would make sure [they] lost
[their] jobs.”
During cross-examination of Officer Heward, defense counsel played a portion of the video
of the incident recorded by Officer Heward’s body camera. In the video, Officer Girvin directs
Salisbury multiple times to sit in the rear driver’s side seat, and Salisbury refuses, loudly demanding
to call his lawyer. As Officer Heward walks around to the passenger side, Salisbury repeats: “I’m
not getting in the car with you.” As the officers prepare to lift Salisbury into the vehicle, he says,
“You weak little bitch.” Officer Girvin then exclaims that Salisbury kicked him; Salisbury
responds, “I didn’t. You fucking pulled my ankle.” Due to Officer Heward’s position, the video
does not show Officer Girvin and Salisbury at the time of the kick.
Testifying in his own defense, Salisbury admitted that he was intoxicated and “belligerent”
on the night in question but denied kicking Officer Girvin. He claimed that he would “never assault
a law enforcement officer.”
The trial court convicted Salisbury of public intoxication and assault and battery of a law
enforcement officer, explaining that it credited the officers’ testimony. Salisbury now appeals his
conviction for assault and battery of a law enforcement officer.
ANALYSIS
On appeal, Salisbury challenges the sufficiency of the evidence, asserting that the
Commonwealth failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he intended to injure or harm
Officer Girvin. “When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, ‘[t]he judgment of the trial
court is presumed correct and will not be disturbed unless it is plainly wrong or without evidence
-3- to support it.’” Smith v. Commonwealth, 296 Va. 450, 460 (2018) (alteration in original)
(quoting Perkins, 295 Va. at 327). “In such cases, ‘[t]he Court does not ask itself whether it
believes that the evidence at the trial established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.’” Secret v.
Commonwealth, 296 Va. 204, 228 (2018) (alteration in original) (quoting Pijor v.
Commonwealth, 294 Va. 502, 512 (2017)). “Rather, the relevant question is whether ‘any
rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable
doubt.’” Vasquez v. Commonwealth, 291 Va. 232, 248 (2016) (quoting Williams v.
Commonwealth, 278 Va. 190, 193 (2009)). “If there is evidentiary support for the conviction,
‘the reviewing court is not permitted to substitute its own judgment, even if its opinion might
differ from the conclusions reached by the finder of fact at the trial.’” Chavez v. Commonwealth,
69 Va. App. 149, 161 (2018) (quoting Banks v. Commonwealth, 67 Va. App. 273, 288 (2017)).
“Under well-settled principles of appellate review, we consider the evidence presented at
trial in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the prevailing party below.” Vay v.
Commonwealth, 67 Va. App. 236, 242 (2017) (quoting Smallwood v. Commonwealth, 278 Va. 625,
629 (2009)). “This principle requires us to ‘discard the evidence of the accused in conflict with that
of the Commonwealth, and regard as true all the credible evidence favorable to the Commonwealth
and all fair inferences to be drawn therefrom.’” Id. (quoting Parks v. Commonwealth, 221 Va. 492,
498 (1980)). “In conducting our analysis, we are mindful that ‘determining the credibility of the
witnesses and the weight afforded the testimony of those witnesses are matters left to the trier of
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA UNPUBLISHED
Present: Judges Huff, Fulton and White Argued at Norfolk, Virginia
ANTHONY STERLING SALISBURY MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 0467-22-1 JUDGE KIMBERLEY SLAYTON WHITE MARCH 14, 2023 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH Steven C. Frucci, Judge
Diane P. Toscano (Toscano Law Group, P.C., on brief), for appellant.
Andrew T. Hull, Assistant Attorney General (Jason S. Miyares, Attorney General; Jeff S. Howell, Jr., Assistant Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
After a bench trial, the Circuit Court of the City of Virginia Beach convicted Anthony
Sterling Salisbury of assault and battery of a law enforcement officer and public intoxication. By
final order entered March 1, 2022, the trial court sentenced Salisbury to two years’ imprisonment
with all but six months suspended. Salisbury contends that the evidence is insufficient to support
his conviction for assault and battery of a law enforcement officer because the Commonwealth
failed to prove that he intended to harm or injure the officer. For the following reasons, we affirm.
BACKGROUND
On appeal, we review the evidence “in the ‘light most favorable’ to the Commonwealth,
the prevailing party in the trial court.” Hammer v. Commonwealth, 74 Va. App. 225, 231 (2022)
(quoting Commonwealth v. Cady, 300 Va. 325, 329 (2021)). Doing so requires us to “discard the
* This opinion is not designated for publication. See Code § 17.1 413. evidence of the accused in conflict with that of the Commonwealth, and regard as true all the
credible evidence favorable to the Commonwealth and all fair inferences to be drawn therefrom.”
Cady, 300 Va. at 329 (quoting Commonwealth v. Perkins, 295 Va. 323, 324 (2018)).
On New Year’s Eve in 2020, Virginia Beach Patrol Officer Heward responded to a report
that Salisbury was intoxicated and driving his vehicle erratically in the parking lot of a local bar.
When Officer Heward arrived at the bar around 11:00 p.m., she saw Salisbury’s vehicle parked
across two parking spaces. Officer Heward located Salisbury on the bar’s patio and told him that
“he needed to make sure that he got a ride home.” Salisbury started arguing with Officer Heward,
telling her that she “didn’t have a reason to be talking to him” and asking for her name and badge
number. Officer Heward noticed a “strong odor of alcohol” coming from Salisbury, that he had
“bloodshot, watery, glassy eyes,” and that he was slurring his speech.
As Officer Heward returned to the parking lot, Officer Girvin arrived at the scene. The
officers then saw Salisbury leave the bar, remove a soccer ball from the trunk of his vehicle, and
begin kicking the ball around the parking lot. After Salisbury “almost fell into the street into
oncoming traffic,” Officer Girvin arrested him for public intoxication. Salisbury refused to put his
hands behind his back and “kept flexing” to prevent Officer Girvin from handcuffing him. When
the officers tried to search him incident to the arrest, he “kept turning away.”
As Officer Girvin walked Salisbury to his squad vehicle, Salisbury repeatedly shifted his
weight to “get in Officer Girvin’s face.” The officers ordered Salisbury to sit in the rear driver’s
side seat of the squad vehicle, but he refused their numerous demands. Officer Heward went to the
rear passenger’s side door and lifted Salisbury’s upper body into the vehicle while Officer Girvin
lifted his feet on the driver’s side. Salisbury objected that they had no reason to arrest him and that
Officer Girvin “wasn’t a real police officer.”
-2- After the officers lifted Salisbury into the vehicle, he eventually placed his feet on the
floorboard. When Officer Girvin attempted to close the door, Salisbury kicked the officer’s right
thigh. Officer Girvin told Officer Heward that Salisbury had kicked him. Salisbury “kept telling”
the officers that they “were not doing [their] jobs properly, and that he would make sure [they] lost
[their] jobs.”
During cross-examination of Officer Heward, defense counsel played a portion of the video
of the incident recorded by Officer Heward’s body camera. In the video, Officer Girvin directs
Salisbury multiple times to sit in the rear driver’s side seat, and Salisbury refuses, loudly demanding
to call his lawyer. As Officer Heward walks around to the passenger side, Salisbury repeats: “I’m
not getting in the car with you.” As the officers prepare to lift Salisbury into the vehicle, he says,
“You weak little bitch.” Officer Girvin then exclaims that Salisbury kicked him; Salisbury
responds, “I didn’t. You fucking pulled my ankle.” Due to Officer Heward’s position, the video
does not show Officer Girvin and Salisbury at the time of the kick.
Testifying in his own defense, Salisbury admitted that he was intoxicated and “belligerent”
on the night in question but denied kicking Officer Girvin. He claimed that he would “never assault
a law enforcement officer.”
The trial court convicted Salisbury of public intoxication and assault and battery of a law
enforcement officer, explaining that it credited the officers’ testimony. Salisbury now appeals his
conviction for assault and battery of a law enforcement officer.
ANALYSIS
On appeal, Salisbury challenges the sufficiency of the evidence, asserting that the
Commonwealth failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he intended to injure or harm
Officer Girvin. “When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, ‘[t]he judgment of the trial
court is presumed correct and will not be disturbed unless it is plainly wrong or without evidence
-3- to support it.’” Smith v. Commonwealth, 296 Va. 450, 460 (2018) (alteration in original)
(quoting Perkins, 295 Va. at 327). “In such cases, ‘[t]he Court does not ask itself whether it
believes that the evidence at the trial established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.’” Secret v.
Commonwealth, 296 Va. 204, 228 (2018) (alteration in original) (quoting Pijor v.
Commonwealth, 294 Va. 502, 512 (2017)). “Rather, the relevant question is whether ‘any
rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable
doubt.’” Vasquez v. Commonwealth, 291 Va. 232, 248 (2016) (quoting Williams v.
Commonwealth, 278 Va. 190, 193 (2009)). “If there is evidentiary support for the conviction,
‘the reviewing court is not permitted to substitute its own judgment, even if its opinion might
differ from the conclusions reached by the finder of fact at the trial.’” Chavez v. Commonwealth,
69 Va. App. 149, 161 (2018) (quoting Banks v. Commonwealth, 67 Va. App. 273, 288 (2017)).
“Under well-settled principles of appellate review, we consider the evidence presented at
trial in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the prevailing party below.” Vay v.
Commonwealth, 67 Va. App. 236, 242 (2017) (quoting Smallwood v. Commonwealth, 278 Va. 625,
629 (2009)). “This principle requires us to ‘discard the evidence of the accused in conflict with that
of the Commonwealth, and regard as true all the credible evidence favorable to the Commonwealth
and all fair inferences to be drawn therefrom.’” Id. (quoting Parks v. Commonwealth, 221 Va. 492,
498 (1980)). “In conducting our analysis, we are mindful that ‘determining the credibility of the
witnesses and the weight afforded the testimony of those witnesses are matters left to the trier of
fact, who has the ability to hear and see them as they testify.’” Raspberry v. Commonwealth, 71
Va. App. 19, 29 (2019) (quoting Miller v. Commonwealth, 64 Va. App. 527, 536 (2015)).
“To sustain a conviction for battery, the Commonwealth must prove a ‘wil[l]ful or
unlawful touching’ of another.” Kelley v. Commonwealth, 69 Va. App. 617, 625 (2019)
(alteration in original) (quoting Parish v. Commonwealth, 56 Va. App. 324, 330 (2010)). “In
-4- such circumstances, ‘[t]he unlawful intent may be imputed,’” Id. at 628 (alteration in original)
(quoting Parish, 56 Va. App. at 331), and “may often be gathered from the conduct of the
aggressor, viewed in the light of the attending circumstances,” Parish, 56 Va. App. at 331
(quoting Wood v. Commonwealth, 149 Va. 401, 405 (1927)). “Whether an act is done in a ‘rude,
insolent, or angry manner’ is a finding of fact that this Court will not disturb on appeal unless the
finding is plainly wrong or no evidence supports it.” Kelley, 69 Va. App. at 628-29 (citing
Parish, 56 Va. App. at 329, 332).
Officers Girvin and Heward testified that Salisbury was angry and confrontational
throughout the encounter. Salisbury conceded that he was “belligerent” with the officers. Once the
officers lawfully arrested him for public intoxication, Salisbury repeatedly resisted the officers’
attempts to handcuff him, search him, and place him in the vehicle, and he directed several
profanities at them. Salisbury then kicked Officer Girvin in the thigh. Salisbury blamed the kick on
Officer Girvin and continued to argue with and threaten the officers.
Viewing the officers’ testimony and the body camera video in the light most favorable to the
Commonwealth and disregarding Salisbury’s contrary testimony, a rational trier of fact could find
that Salisbury willfully kicked Officer Girvin in a rude, insolent, or angry manner. See id. at 628.
Accordingly, a rational fact-finder also could impute the requisite unlawful intent to Salisbury’s
actions. Id. His unlawful intent may also be inferred from the totality of his conduct and the
attending circumstances. Parish, 58 Va. App. at 331. Thus, the trial evidence was sufficient to
support the trial court’s verdict.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm Salisbury’s conviction for assault and battery of a
law enforcement officer.
Affirmed.
-5-