Anthony Mimms v. CVS Pharmacy, Incorporated

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedMay 9, 2018
Docket17-1918
StatusPublished

This text of Anthony Mimms v. CVS Pharmacy, Incorporated (Anthony Mimms v. CVS Pharmacy, Incorporated) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Anthony Mimms v. CVS Pharmacy, Incorporated, (7th Cir. 2018).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 17‐1918 ANTHONY MIMMS, Plaintiff‐Appellee,

v.

CVS PHARMACY, INC., Defendant‐Appellant. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana, Indianapolis Division. No. 15‐cv‐970 — Tanya Walton Pratt, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED DECEMBER 8, 2017 — DECIDED MAY 9, 2018 ____________________

Before KANNE and ROVNER, Circuit Judges, and DURKIN, District Judge.* KANNE, Circuit Judge. Dr. Anthony Mimms is a physician licensed by the Indiana Medical Licensing Board. He started his own pain management practice, Mimms Functional Reha‐

* The Honorable Thomas M. Durkin, United States District Court for the

Northern District of Illinois, sitting by designation. 2 No. 17‐1918

bilitation, in November 2013. He previously worked at Reha‐ bilitation Associates of Indiana. As part of his practice, he pre‐ scribes opioids and other controlled substances to many of his patients. On several occasions, starting in 2013, CVS Pharmacy em‐ ployees informed some of Mimms’s patients that they would not fill their prescriptions. Mimms sued CVS, alleging the pharmacy employees made defamatory statements when re‐ fusing to fill the prescriptions. His complaint details nine al‐ legedly defamatory statements. To prove his claims, Mimms needed to show that the speakers knew that their statements were false. CVS repeat‐ edly moved for summary judgment on the basis that Mimms had no evidence that the speakers knew their statements were false. Ultimately, the district court granted summary judg‐ ment as to five of the statements and denied judgment for the remaining four statements. It concluded there was a material question of fact regarding whether the speakers of those four statements knew that their statements were false in light of evidence that CVS’s corporate office had concluded an inves‐ tigation of Mimms and had not stopped stores from filling his patients’ prescriptions. In so concluding, the court rejected CVS’s argument that knowledge held by the corporate office could not be imputed to the individual speakers. The case proceeded to trial before a jury. The four state‐ ments at trial were:  “CVS doesn’t fill Dr. Mimms’[s] prescriptions or prescriptions for any other pill mills.”  “Dr. Mimms went to jail.”  “Dr. Mimms has been … or will be arrested.” No. 17‐1918 3

 “Dr. Mimms is under DEA investigation.” (R. 211 at 10.) CVS moved for judgment as a matter of law as to the first three statements at the close of Mimms’s presentation of evi‐ dence, again arguing that knowledge held by the corporate office could not be imputed to the speakers. The district court denied the motion, and the jury found CVS liable for defama‐ tion per se on all four statements and awarded Mimms $1,025,000 in damages. CVS appeals. For the reasons that fol‐ low, the judgment of the district court is reversed and the case is remanded in part. ANALYSIS CVS contends the district court should have granted judg‐ ment in its favor as to all four of the challenged statements. Alternatively, CVS argues the district court made several er‐ rors that merit a new trial. We review the district court’s de‐ nial of summary judgment and of judgment as a matter of law de novo, Winters v. Fru‐Con Inc., 498 F.3d 734, 743, 745 (7th Cir. 2007), and generally review its evidentiary and jury instruc‐ tion rulings for abuse of discretion, Empress Casino Joliet Corp. v. Balmoral Racing Club, Inc., 831 F.3d 815, 833, 835 (7th Cir. 2016). A. CVS is entitled to judgment as a matter of law as to the first three statements. CVS moved for summary judgment on all four statements and for judgment as a matter of law as to the first three state‐ ments, preserving its legal argument regarding those state‐ ments for appeal. In both motions, CVS argued Mimms had provided no evidence that the speakers acted with actual mal‐ 4 No. 17‐1918

ice, the standard required under Indiana law to prove defa‐ mation in cases involving statements that ascribe misconduct in one’s profession. Kelley v. Tanoos, 865 N.E 2d 593, 596 (Ind. 2007). “Actual malice exists when the defendant publishes a defamatory statement ‘with knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not.’” Jour‐ nal‐Gazette Co., Inc. v. Bandido’s Inc., 712 N.E.2d 446, 456 (Ind. 1999) (quoting New York Times v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, 280 (1964)). “To demonstrate reckless disregard, ‘[t]here must be sufficient evidence to permit the conclusion that the defend‐ ant in fact entertained serious doubts as to the truth of his publication,’ or proof that the false publication was made with a ‘high degree of awareness of their probable falsity.’” Id. (alteration in original) (citations omitted) (quoting St. Amant v. Thompson, 390 U.S. 727, 731 (1968) and Garrison v. Louisiana, 379 U.S. 64, 74 (1964), respectively). Under this standard, knowledge of falsity held by a prin‐ cipal cannot be imputed to its agent. It is the state of mind of the speaker that is relevant. New York Times, 376 U.S. at 287. In New York Times v. Sullivan, the plaintiff alleged the publica‐ tion of an advertisement was defamatory. The Supreme Court noted there was “evidence that the Times published the ad‐ vertisement without checking its accuracy against the news stories in the Times’ own files.” Id. Yet the Court concluded that the “mere presence” of stories in the Times’s files could not establish that the advertisement was published with ac‐ tual malice, “since the state of mind required for actual malice would have to be brought home to the persons in the Times’ organization having responsibility for the publication of the advertisement.” Id. Any knowledge the Times had as an or‐ ganization regarding the veracity of the statement was not im‐ No. 17‐1918 5

puted to the individuals who published the statement. Simi‐ larly, in Journal‐Gazette Co. v. Bambino’s Inc., the Indiana Su‐ preme Court focused on evidence reflecting the state of mind of the author of the challenged headline, not the knowledge of the newspaper organization as a whole. 712 N.E. 2d at 462. Here, Mimms needed to demonstrate that the CVS em‐ ployees in fact knew that their statements were false or had serious doubts as to the veracity of their statements. As a mat‐ ter of law, he could not do so by imputing corporate knowledge to the speakers, and he provided no other evi‐ dence at trial that would allow a reasonable jury to find that the speakers knew their statements were false. At oral argument, Mimms argued that emails sent from corporate officers to store supervisors served as a “bridge” between the corporate office and the pharmacy employees.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
376 U.S. 254 (Supreme Court, 1964)
Garrison v. Louisiana
379 U.S. 64 (Supreme Court, 1964)
St. Amant v. Thompson
390 U.S. 727 (Supreme Court, 1968)
Ortiz v. Jordan
131 S. Ct. 884 (Supreme Court, 2011)
Whitehead v. Bond
680 F.3d 919 (Seventh Circuit, 2012)
United States v. Jeffery Carter
695 F.3d 690 (Seventh Circuit, 2012)
Journal-Gazette Co. v. Bandido's, Inc.
712 N.E.2d 446 (Indiana Supreme Court, 1999)
Winters v. Fru-Con Inc.
498 F.3d 734 (Seventh Circuit, 2007)
Heeb v. Smith
613 N.E.2d 416 (Indiana Court of Appeals, 1993)
Indianapolis Newspapers, Inc. v. FIELDS
259 N.E.2d 651 (Indiana Supreme Court, 1970)
Terrance Thompson v. City of Chicago
722 F.3d 963 (Seventh Circuit, 2013)
David Lawson v. Sun Microsystems, Incorporate
791 F.3d 754 (Seventh Circuit, 2015)
Martino v. Western & Southern Financial Group
715 F.3d 195 (Seventh Circuit, 2013)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
Anthony Mimms v. CVS Pharmacy, Incorporated, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/anthony-mimms-v-cvs-pharmacy-incorporated-ca7-2018.