Angel v. KY Comwlth

Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit·Decided December 23, 2002·No. 00-6135·Published

Opinion

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH 

(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU )LOH 1DPH DS

81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6 )257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

s2<&( . $1*(/LQGLYLGXDOO\ ; DQGRQEHKDOIRIDOORWKHUV  VLPLODUO\VLWXDWHG   1R 3ODLQWLII$SSHOODQW  !  Y   &20021:($/7+ 2)  .(178&.< .(178&.<  75$163257$7,21 &$%,1(7   s$0(6 & &2'(// ,,,LQKLV  RIILFLDOFDSDFLW\DV6HFUHWDU\  RI7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ',9,6,21  2) 9(+,&/( 5(*,675$7,21  (' /2*6'21LQKLVRIILFLDO  FDSDFLW\DV&RPPLVVLRQHURI   9HKLFOH5HJLVWUDWLRQ  'HIHQGDQWV$SSHOOHHV  1 $SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW IRUWKH(DVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI.HQWXFN\DW)UDQNIRUW 1RnsRVHSK0+RRG'LVWULFWsXGJH $UJXHG1RYHPEHU 'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG'HFHPEHU

  $QJHOY&RPPRQZHDOWK 1R RI.HQWXFN\HWDO

%HIRUH0(55,77DQG*,/0$1&LUFXLWsXGJHV 7$512:'LVWULFWsXGJH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB &2816(/ $5*8('  0LFKDHO * %UDXWLJDP *(1( 0(6+ $662&,$7(6 &LQFLQQDWL 2KLR IRU $SSHOODQW  ' %UHQW ,UYLQ2)),&(2)7+($77251(<*(1(5$/)UDQNIRUW .HQWXFN\ IRU $SSHOOHHV  21 %5,()  0LFKDHO * %UDXWLJDP *(1( 0(6+  $662&,$7(6 &LQFLQQDWL 2KLR IRU $SSHOODQW  ' %UHQW ,UYLQ 2)),&( 2) 7+( $77251(< *(1(5$/ )UDQNIRUW .HQWXFN\ IRU $SSHOOHHV BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 23,1,21 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 521$/'/((*,/0$1&LUFXLWsXGJHsR\FH.$QJHO ILOHGVXLWRQEHKDOIRIKHUVHOIDQGDOORWKHUVVLPLODUO\VLWXDWHG FKDOOHQJLQJ WKH IHH FKDUJHG E\ WKH &RPPRQZHDOWK RI .HQWXFN\ IRU WKH XVH RI D SDUNLQJ SODFDUG DYDLODEOH WR GLVDEOHGSHUVRQV$QJHOFODLPVWKDWWKHVHIHHVDUHmLOOHJDO VXUFKDUJHVlXQGHU7LWOH,,RIWKH$PHULFDQVZLWK'LVDELOLWLHV $FW $'$   .HQWXFN\ RQ WKH RWKHU KDQG DUJXHV WKDW WKH QRPLQDOIHHLVDFWXDOO\DWD[ZKLFKGLYHVWVWKHIHGHUDOFRXUWV RI MXULVGLFWLRQ SXUVXDQW WR WKH 7D[ ,QMXQFWLRQ $FW 7,$  $OWHUQDWLYHO\WKHVWDWHFRQWHQGVWKDW$QJHOjVVXLWDJDLQVWLWLV EDUUHG E\ WKH (OHYHQWK $PHQGPHQW WR WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV &RQVWLWXWLRQ7KHGLVWULFWFRXUWJUDQWHGWKHVWDWHjVPRWLRQWR GLVPLVV$QJHOjVFRPSODLQWRQWKHEDVLVWKDWWKHFRXUWODFNHG MXULVGLFWLRQXQGHUWKH7,$$OWKRXJKZHKDYHJUDYHGRXEWV FRQFHUQLQJWKHDSSOLFDELOLW\RIWKH7,$WRWKHSUHVHQWFDVHZH

7KH +RQRUDEOH $UWKXU s 7DUQRZ 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'LVWULFW sXGJH IRU WKH (DVWHUQ 'LVWULFW RI 0LFKLJDQ VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ  $QJHOY&RPPRQZHDOWK 1R 1R $QJHOY&RPPRQZHDOWK  RI.HQWXFN\HWDO RI.HQWXFN\HWDO

E\WKHFRXUWEHORZ6HH:LOVRQsRQHVY&DYLQHVV)G QHYHUWKHOHVV$)),50WKHMXGJPHQWRIWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWRQ   WK &LU   KROGLQJ WKDW mVWDWH LPPXQLW\ LV WKHEDVLVRIWKHVWDWHjV(OHYHQWK$PHQGPHQWLPPXQLW\ MXULVGLFWLRQDO LQ WKH VDPH VHQVH DV WKH FRPSOHWH GLYHUVLW\ UHTXLUHPHQW RU WKH ZHOOSOHDGHG FRPSODLQW UXOH     >$@ ,%$&.*5281' IHGHUDOFRXUWPXVWH[DPLQHHDFKFODLPLQDFDVHWRVHHLIWKH FRXUWjVMXULVGLFWLRQLVEDUUHGE\WKH(OHYHQWK$PHQGPHQWl $ )DFWXDOEDFNJURXQG HPSKDVLVLQRULJLQDOLQWHUQDOFLWDWLRQVDQGTXRWDWLRQPDUNV RPLWWHG   %HFDXVH $QJHO KDV QRW SOHG IDFWV VXIILFLHQW WR $QJHOXVHVDGLVDEOHGDFFHVVSODFDUGZKHQEHLQJGULYHQWR VXUYLYH3RSRYLFKjVEDUWR(OHYHQWK$PHQGPHQWVXLWVXQGHU SODFHVVKHGHVLUHVWRJR%HFDXVHVKHGRHVQRWRZQDFDURU 7LWOH,,RIWKH$'$ZHDIILUPWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWjVGLVPLVVDORQ KDYHDGULYHUjVOLFHQVHVKHGHSHQGVRQIULHQGVDQGUHODWLYHV WKLVEDVLV WRWUDQVSRUWKHU7KHVWDWHFKDUJHVDQHLJKWGROODUIHHIRUD SODFDUGWKDWLVJRRGIRUVL[\HDUV,WGRHVQRWFKDUJHDQ\IHH 7KHVWDWHjVVHFRQG(OHYHQWK$PHQGPHQWDUJXPHQWUHODWHV WRLVVXHDVSHFLDOOLFHQVHSODWHIRUGLVDEOHGSHUVRQV%RWKWKH WR$QJHOjVIDLOXUHWRQDPHWKHDSSURSULDWHFRXQW\FOHUNZKR SODFDUGV DQG WKH OLFHQVH SODWHV DOORZ WKH XVHU WR SDUN LQ LVVXHGKHUWKHSDUNLQJSODFDUG,WFODLPVWKDWWKHFOHUNLVDQ VSHFLDOO\GHVLJQDWHGVSDFHVDQGPDNHLWHDVLHUIRUWKHVWDWHWR LQGLVSHQVDEOH SDUW\ LQ RUGHU WR PHHW WKH ([ SDUWH

WKLVSRLQWWKHFDVHZDVKHOGLQDEH\DQFHSHQGLQJWKLVFRXUWjV & 7KH (OHYHQWK $PHQGPHQW EDUV MXULVGLFWLRQ LQ WKLV GHFLVLRQLQ+HGJHSHWKY7HQQHVVHH)G WK&LU PDWWHU   KROGLQJ WKDW 7HQQHVVHHjV DVVHVVPHQW IRU SDUNLQJ SODFDUGVZDVDWD[UDWKHUWKDQDIHHDQGWKXVVXEMHFWWRWKH $OWKRXJKZHKDYHJUDYHGRXEWVFRQFHUQLQJWKHFRUUHFWQHVV 7,$ 7KHGLVWULFWFRXUWDIWHU+HGJHSHWKZDVGHFLGHGRUGHUHG RI WKH GLVWULFW FRXUWjV FRQFOXVLRQ WKDW WKH DVVHVVPHQW IRU $QJHOWRVKRZFDXVHZK\WKHPRWLRQWRGLVPLVVVKRXOGQRWEH SDUNLQJ SODFDUGV LV D WD[ UDWKHU WKDQ D IHH ZH DUH IUHH WR JUDQWHG DIILUP WKH MXGJPHQW RQ DQ\ EDVLV VXSSRUWHG E\ WKH UHFRUG 7KLV LV HVSHFLDOO\ VR ZKHUH WKH XQGHUO\LQJ IDFWV DUH $IWHU FRQVLGHULQJ $QJHOjV UHVSRQVH WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW XQGLVSXWHG  6HH $EHUFURPELH  )LWFK 6WRUHV ,QF Y $P JUDQWHG WKH VWDWHjV PRWLRQ WR GLVPLVV SXUVXDQW WR 5XOH (DJOH 2XWILWWHUV ,QF  )G   WK &LU   E  RIWKH)HGHUDO5XOHVRI&LYLO3URFHGXUH7KHFRXUW SRLQWLQJ RXW WKDW m>

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Angel v. KY Comwlth, (6th Cir. 2002).

Angel v. KY Comwlth (Angel v. KY Comwlth) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.