AFFIRMED as Modified; Opinion Filed March 16, 2015.
SIn The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-13-00219-CR
ANDREW SCOTT LOTT, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 194th Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F-1240454-M
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Francis, Evans, and Stoddart Opinion by Justice Evans Andrew Scott Lott appeals his conviction for improper relationship between an educator
and a student. Appellant presents eight issues in which he contends his rights to have a unitary
proceeding on his plea of guilty, enter a knowing and intelligent plea, and receive effective
assistance of counsel were violated. Appellant further contends the trial court erred in “refusing
to require the State to demonstrate due diligence” which resulted in inaccurate information about
the conditions of appellant’s bond being presented to the jury. Finally, appellant contends the
judgment inaccurately reflects his plea to the charge and should be reformed. We agree that the
judgment inaccurately reflects appellant’s plea and we modify the judgment accordingly. In all
other respects, the judgment is affirmed. I. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Appellant was indicted for having sexual intercourse with a seventeen years old student
at Mesquite High School while he was employed by the school as an educator. Appellant filed
an application for probation stating that he had never before been convicted of a felony offense
and entered a non-negotiated plea of guilty before the jury. The trial court instructed the jury to
find appellant guilty based on his plea and the jury did so. The court then proceeded to the
punishment phase. After hearing evidence, the trial court instructed the jury that it could impose
a sentence of confinement for two to twenty years and could choose to recommend probation of
any sentence of ten years or less. The jury sentenced appellant to fifteen years’ confinement and
imposed a fine of $5,000. Appellant brought this appeal.
II. ISSUES PRESENTED
A. Bifurcated Proceeding
In his first issue, appellant contends the trial court erred in conducting a bifurcated trial in
violation of his right to a unitary proceeding under article 37.07 of the Texas Code of Criminal
Procedure. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 37.07 (West Supp. 2014); see also Brinson v.
State, 570 S.W.2d 937, 939 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1978) (where defendant enters his
guilty plea to a jury, no issue of the defendant’s guilt should be submitted to the jury); see also
State ex rel. Wade v. Entz, 711 S.W.2d 309, 310 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1986, orig. proceeding)
(same). However, appellant failed to make any objection to the bifurcation when the trial court
charged the jury to find him guilty before proceeding to the punishment phase. In Weeks v.
State, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals held that, in the absence of an objection, the record
did not support a finding that the trial court erred in conducting a unitary trial rather than a
bifurcated one. See Weeks v. State, 521 S.W.2d 858, 863 (Tex. Crim. App. 1975). Although the
defendant in Weeks challenged the use of a unitary proceeding instead of a bifurcated one, we
–2– see no substantive difference between that challenge and the one presented by appellant for the
purposes of requiring a timely objection. In addition, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has
indicated in a footnote that improperly bifurcating a guilty plea trial does not constitute
reversible error. See Frame v. State, 615 S.W.2d 766, 767 n. 1 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.]
1981) (“Although erroneous, bifurcating a guilty plea trial does not constitute reversible error
under Basaldua v. State, [(481 S.W.2d 851 (Tex. Crim. App. 1972)].”) Accordingly, even if
appellant had objected and the trial court overruled the objection and bifurcated the proceeding,
there would not be reversible error. We resolve appellant’s first issue against him.
B. Admonishments and Voluntariness of Plea
In his second and fourth issues, appellant contends his right to voluntarily enter a
knowing and intelligent plea was violated because the trial court failed to properly admonish
him. Specifically, appellant contends the trial court never advised him regarding his
constitutional rights in a contested jury trial or the consequences of his guilty plea. Appellant’s
arguments concern issues of both constitutional due process and Texas statutory requirements.
In Boykin v. Alabama, the United States Supreme Court held that a violation of
constitutional due process occurs when a trial court accepts a guilty plea without an affirmative
showing “spread on the record” that the guilty plea was intelligent and voluntary. See Boykin v.
Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 243–44 (1969). The Court in Boykin did not state what must be “spread
on the record” to satisfy due process other than to generally require that a guilty-pleading
defendant have a “full understanding” of what his plea connotes and its consequences. See
Aguirre-Mata v. State, 125 S.W.3d 473, 475 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003). Under Boykin, no specific
admonishments are necessary. Id. “So long as the record otherwise affirmatively discloses that
the defendant’s guilty plea was adequately informed, due process is satisfied.” Davison v. State,
405 S.W.3d 682, 687 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013). The voluntariness of the plea may be inferred
–3– from all of the relevant circumstances surrounding it. See Brady v. U.S., 397 U.S. 742, 749
(1970).
In this case, the record shows that appellant’s guilty plea was entered voluntarily and
with awareness of its consequences and the rights being waived. Appellant is a college educated
high school government teacher. At the time appellant first submitted his plea to the trial court,
the judge asked him whether anyone was forcing or coercing him to plead guilty or if any
promises had been made in exchange for his plea. Appellant responded “no.” The court further
inquired whether appellant understood fully that he had “an absolute right to plead not guilty
before the jury” and allow them to determine his guilt or innocence. Appellant responded that he
did. The judicial confession appellant signed acknowledged that he was consenting to the
stipulation of the evidence and expressly waiving his rights against self-incrimination and the
appearance, confrontation, and cross-examination of witnesses. The right of the defendant not to
testify was discussed at length during voir dire in appellant’s presence, as was the range of
punishment. Appellant rejected a plea bargain offer made by the State of seven years’
incarceration. The State’s burden of presenting evidence to show that appellant was guilty was
also discussed during voir dire. An examination of the record makes it clear that the defense
strategy was to have appellant accept responsibility for his actions and persuade the jury to grant
him probation based on the fact that his relationship, although prohibited by law because of the
complainant’s status as his student, was not otherwise improper because she had already reached
the age of consent and chose to continue her relationship with him even after he was arrested.
Based on these facts, we conclude the record shows appellant’s plea was both voluntary and
made intelligently. See Gardner v. State, 164 S.W.3d 393, 399 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005).
Appellant’s complaint that he did not receive the admonishments required by the Texas
Code of Criminal Procedure is equally unavailing. Article 26.13 of the code of criminal
–4– procedure requires that, prior to accepting a guilty plea or a plea of nolo contendere, a trial court
must admonish the defendant regarding (1) the range of punishment for the offense, (2) certain
aspects of the law of plea-bargain agreements, (3) the effect a plea-bargain agreement may have
on the right to appeal, (4) the effect that a conviction might have on a non-citizen, and (5) the
registration requirements for defendants convicted of certain sex offenses. See TEX. CODE CRIM.
PROC. ANN. art. 26.13. The failure to admonish is non-constitutional error, however, and subject
to a harm analysis under Rule 44.2(b) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. See Aguirre-
Mata v. State, 992 S.W.2d 495, 499 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). Under Rule 44.2(b), any error that
does not affect a substantial right must be disregarded. TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2(b).
In this case, there was no plea bargain agreement so the second and third categories of
admonishments are inapplicable. There is also no indication in the record that appellant was not
a citizen of the United States and appellant does not argue that he was harmed by the failure to
be admonished on this issue. Lastly, the offense of which appellant was convicted is not subject
to statutorily required sex offender registration. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art.
62.001(5). The only admonishment applicable to appellant, therefore, was on the range of
punishment.
A trial court’s failure to admonish on the range of punishment does not affect a
defendant’s substantial rights where the range is discussed in the defendant’s presence before he
enters his plea. See Burnett v. State, 88 S.W.3d 633, 635 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). As discussed
above, the range of punishment was explained several times during voir dire in this case while
appellant was in the courtroom. Accordingly, appellant had notice of the punishment range
before he entered his guilty plea before the jury. Because appellant had notice of the punishment
range before he entered his plea, the failure of the trial court to specifically admonish him on this
issue did not affect his substantial rights and was harmless. See id.
–5– In addition to the admonishments required under article 26.13, appellant lists a string of
other rights he contends the trial court was required to “admonish” him he was waiving by
pleading guilty. Appellant points to his right to “demand the nature and cause of the accusation
against him and to have a copy thereof,” to have a jury trial on guilt and innocence, to not be
compelled to give evidence against himself, to be heard by himself or counsel, to confront the
witnesses against him, and to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses. As we have
already discussed above, appellant was specifically admonished of his right to be tried by a jury
and he signed a judicial confession waiving his right against self-incrimination and to the
appearance, confrontation and cross-examination of witnesses. Regarding his right to demand
the nature and cause of the accusation against him and his right to be heard, appellant fails to
explain how his guilty plea waived these rights or how he was deprived of them. Because we
conclude the record demonstrates appellant’s guilty plea was intelligent and voluntary and any
error in failing to admonish him was harmless, we resolve his second and fourth issues against
him.
In his third and fifth issues, appellant contends that the trial court erred in failing to
explain to him that the bifurcated proceeding would result in a guilty verdict based solely on his
judicial confession and that this would preclude him from evaluating the evidence before
deciding whether to change his plea. According to appellant, the trial court “created
circumstances” that “evidently caused [him] to believe that he would be able to change his plea
to not guilty after hearing the substantive evidence” which “violated appellant’s due process
right to awareness of the relevant circumstances.” Appellant’s argument is without merit.
First, appellant points to nothing in the record that would indicate anything other than he
was informed the guilty verdict would be based solely on his judicial confession. The trial court
specifically told appellant that he was free to withdraw his guilty plea until his judicial
–6– confession was presented to the jury. After the jury was empaneled, appellant was told that the
jury would be given the charge to find him guilty before they moved to the sentencing portion of
the proceeding. Appellant did not object. Appellant then pleaded guilty before the jury and his
judicial confession was admitted. Before the jury retired to deliberate, appellant’s attorney
argued “You heard Mr. Lott, he pled guilty in open court. Took responsibility for the offense.
He is looking forward to the proper and just punishment in this case.” The jury then returned a
verdict of guilt and the court proceeded to the punishment phase of the trial. Again, appellant
did not object. Although appellant moved for a directed verdict at the close of the State’s case in
the punishment phase on the ground that the State failed to prove every element of the offense,
he never moved to withdraw his guilty plea. Accordingly, there is no indication in the record
that appellant was not fully aware of the “relevant circumstances” surrounding his plea or that he
was misled in any way concerning his ability to withdraw it.
Even if appellant was somehow prevented from exercising his right to timely withdraw
his plea of guilty, such error is harmless because there is no evidence to suggest that he is not
guilty or is guilty of only a lesser included offense. See Payne v. State, 790 S.W.2d 649, 651
(Tex. Crim. App. 1990) (en banc). All of the evidence presented at trial indicated that appellant
had a sexual relationship with the complainant while she was his student. Because there was no
factual dispute and the evidence of his guilt was overwhelming, we conclude any error that may
have prevented appellant from withdrawing his plea did not contribute to his conviction or
punishment. See Abrego v. State, 977 S.W.2d 835, 839 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1998, pet.
ref’d). We resolve appellant’s third and fifth issues against him.
C. Misinformation in Punishment Evidence
In his sixth issue, appellant argues his right to due process was violated because he was
sentenced based on materially untrue information. Specifically, appellant contends the State
–7– mistakenly stated in front of the jury that appellant had violated the conditions of his bail bond
by continuing to have a relationship with the complainant until shortly before trial. Although
bonds in cases like these typically contain a prohibition on contacting the victim, the State
concedes that appellant’s bond did not include a “no contact” order. 1 Appellant argues that the
introduction of the erroneous information necessarily affected the jury’s assessment of
punishment because “any reasonable jury would conclude that if appellant would not adhere to
bond conditions, he was not a suitable candidate for community supervision.”
To constitute a due process violation, the record must show that the false information
introduced at trial was material in that there is a reasonable likelihood that it affected the
judgment of the jury. See Ex Parte Chavez, 371 S.W.3d 200, 208 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). The
materiality of the information must be examined in the context of the other evidence presented at
trial. Cf. Ex Parte Weinstein, 421 S.W.3d 656, 669 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014). In this case, the
jury was shown a videotape of appellant’s interview with the police on the day he was arrested.
In that interview, the officer informed appellant that if he was able to bond out of jail, contacting
the complainant under any circumstances would “not be a good idea.” Appellant agreed.
Later, when one of appellant’s character witnesses testified that appellant had not
violated any laws while out on bond, the prosecutor stated that appellant had continued his
relationship with the complainant after being arrested in violation of the terms of his bond.
Appellant’s attorney objected and stated that appellant had never been given any conditions on
his bond and he had only been told “informally” that he should not continue to see the
complainant. The attorney then stated that if the State was going to make an issue of the alleged
bond violation, it should be required to prove the conditions of the bond. Although the trial court
1 Appellant does not assert, and the evidence does not show, that the State was aware of this fact at the time of the trial.
–8– overruled the objection, the prosecutor did not mention the alleged bond violation again in front
of the jury. During closing argument, the prosecutor referenced the fact that appellant continued
to contact the complainant after he was arrested, but stated only that appellant did this despite
being instructed by a police officer not to do so.
Appellant contends there is a reasonable probability that the misinformation about his
bond conditions affected his sentence in that, but for the misinformation, the jury would have
considered giving him a shorter sentence and recommending probation. As evidence of this,
appellant points to a note the jury sent the trial judge during deliberations. The note contained
the following two questions:
(1) If sentenced to prison when would defendant be eligible for parole
(A) if sentenced 15 - 20 years?
(B) 10 - 15 years?
(2) Please explain why on 1st day of jury selection why the sentence was divided as follows
2 - 10 years
11-20 years
The trial court responded that the jury had already been given the applicable law. The court’s
charge instructed the jury that appellant would become eligible for parole when his time served
equaled one-fourth of the sentence imposed. The charge also instructed the jury that the
punishment authorized for appellant’s offense was not less than two years and not more than
twenty years confinement. The jury was informed that it could consider recommending
community supervision if the punishment it assessed was ten years’ confinement or less and the
law required the trial court to place appellant on probation if such a recommendation was made.
Finally, the jury was informed that the matter of probation was entirely in their hands and that
their decision would be final.
–9– Appellant suggests the jury’s note indicates it was considering a sentence of two to ten
years but decided to impose a longer sentence to remove the possibility of appellant receiving
probation. Appellant argues there is a reasonable probability this occurred because the
misinformation about his violating the conditions on his bond led the jury to believe he would
not adhere to the conditions of community supervision. In response to questions from the venire
during voir dire, however, the jury was specifically told that it could sentence appellant to less
than ten years’ confinement without recommending probation. Accordingly, the jury’s decision
on the length of appellant’s sentence was independent of its determination of whether to
recommend probation. The jury was required to first determine the length of the sentence and,
only if that sentence was ten years or less, would they be called upon to consider whether to
recommend probation. The fact that the jury sentenced appellant to fifteen years’ confinement,
well outside the range for which it could consider recommending probation, indicates that the
possibility of probation did not play a role in the jury’s decision.
Furthermore, there was substantial evidence presented to support the jury’s sentence.
The testimony showed that appellant and the complainant began having sexual relations while
the complainant was a student in appellant’s high school government class. Appellant brought
the complainant to his home where they had sex without the use of a condom. Appellant
continued to have a sexual relationship with the complainant until his trial began. Before the
complainant was called to testify, appellant telephoned her to encourage her and her family not
to testify against him.
During jury selection, the complainant met another young woman being called as a
witness. The woman stated that, in 2009 while she was a student of appellant’s at a different
high school, appellant made multiple advances towards her indicating that he wanted a romantic
relationship with her. The complainant noted that this woman’s appearance was strikingly
–10– similar to her own and she came to the conclusion that she was not special to appellant, but that
she was merely the type of girl to whom he was attracted. The complainant testified she believed
appellant continued his relationship with her solely so that he could obtain her help in this case.
She stated that although she had originally wanted appellant to receive probation so they could
continue their relationship, she now wanted him to serve time in jail.
A third woman, who also resembled the complainant, testified that she had an intimate
relationship with appellant in 2007 while she was a student in appellant’s high school computer
class. Appellant met with her at various locations including on campus, in a park, and at his
house. The woman testified that appellant was controlling and behaved in a manner that made
her embarrassed and scared. She felt guilty that she had not reported appellant’s behavior after
she heard he had a relationship with another student and she travelled to Dallas from Illinois to
testify against him.
Accordingly, the evidence was uncontroverted that appellant had an improper
relationship with at least two of his students and attempted to have an improper relationship with
a third. The evidence also showed that appellant was controlling and manipulative in these
relationships. Given this evidence we cannot say that the State’s brief statement about an alleged
bond violation, which was controverted by the defense, had any effect on the jury’s punishment
decision.
In addition to his complaint regarding the bond misinformation, appellant contends the
jury was mistakenly informed that he could not be required to register as a sex offender and that
he would be able to obtain employment as a teacher at a charter school. Appellant does not rely
on these alleged instances of misinformation as part of his due process argument because, as he
discusses later in his brief, he made no objection to the information at the time it was introduced
and thus waived any error. See Grado v. State, 445 S.W.3d 736, 739–41 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014)
–11– (numerous constitutional rights, particularly those that are evidentiary based, may be forfeited for
purposes of appellate review if not properly preserved). Instead, appellant simply argues that
this additional misinformation, when combined with the alleged bond misinformation, made him
“appear to be even less suitable for community supervision.” Appellant cannot obtain
substantive appellate review by bootstrapping complaints that have been waived to one that has
been preserved. See Enciso v. Chmielewski, 16 S.W.3d 858, 861 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th
Dist.] 2000, no pet.). Furthermore, as we discussed above, the length of appellant’s sentence
indicates that the possibility of probation did not play a role in the jury’s decision. We resolve
appellant’s sixth issue against him.
D. Ineffective Assistance
In his seventh issue, appellant contends he received ineffective assistance of counsel.
The examples of ineffective assistance that he cites in his case are: (1) his purportedly
uninformed plea; (2) his counsel’s failure to correct the instances of alleged misinformation
discussed above; and (3) his counsel’s failure to request that the jury be instructed on the
applicability of good-conduct time to his eligibility for parole. To prevail on a claim of
ineffective assistance an appellant must show that his counsel’s performance fell below an
objective standard of reasonableness and a reasonable probability that, but for trial counsel’s
errors, the result would have been different. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687–
88, 694 (1984). Failure to make the required showing of either deficient performance or
sufficient prejudice will defeat a claim that counsel was ineffective. See Andrews v. State, 159
S.W.3d 98, 101 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005).
Our review of trial counsel’s representation is highly deferential and presumes that
counsel’s actions fell within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance. See Garza v.
State, 213 S.W.3d 338, 347–48 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003). An ineffective assistance claim must be
–12– firmly founded in the record and the record must affirmatively demonstrate that the claim has
merit. See Menefield v. State, 363 S.W.3d 591, 592–93 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). For this reason,
such claims are generally ill suited for direct appeal as the record is generally undeveloped,
particularly where counsel’s strategic choices are concerned. Id. Counsel should ordinarily be
afforded an opportunity to explain his actions before being denounced as ineffective. Id. In
most cases, a silent record that provides no explanation for counsel’s actions will not overcome
the strong presumption of reasonable assistance. See Rylander v. State, 101 S.W.3d 107, 110–11
(Tex. Crim. App. 2003). This is particularly true where, as here, the defendant fails to raise or
support his ineffective assistance claim in a motion for new trial. See Lopez v. State, 343 S.W.3d
137, 143–44 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011). Absent an opportunity for trial counsel to explain the
conduct in question, we should not find ineffective assistance unless the challenged conduct was
“so outrageous that no competent attorney would have engaged in it.” Goodspeed v. State, 187
S.W.3d 390, 392 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) (quoting Garcia v. State, 57 S.W.3d 436, 440 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2001)).
Appellant first argues that he pleaded guilty based upon his counsel’s failure to correct
the bifurcation of proceedings which “amounted to erroneous advice from counsel in violation of
trial counsel’s duty to assure that appellant’s decisions were based on correct information about
the law.” When a defendant challenges the validity of a plea entered on the advice of counsel, to
obtain a reversal he must show a reasonable probability that, but for trial counsel’s errors, he
would not have pleaded guilty to the charged offense and would have insisted on going to trial.
See Ex Parte Harrington, 310 S.W.3d 452, 458 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010). In this case, appellant
does not contend that he would not have pleaded guilty but for his counsel’s “error.” Instead,
appellant argues that there is a reasonable probability he would have withdrawn his guilty plea if
his trial had been conducted as a unitary proceeding. Essentially, appellant contends his counsel
–13– should have informed him that the bifurcation of his trial, which allowed the jury to convict him
before proceeding to the punishment phase, would prevent him from being able to hear the
punishment evidence before he could decide whether to withdraw his plea. We have already
decided above that whether or not appellant’s counsel objected there was not reversible error in
the trial court’s bifurcating what should have been a unitary punishment proceeding.
In determining whether a defendant would not have pleaded guilty but for counsel’s
allegedly deficient advice, we consider “the circumstances surrounding the plea and the gravity
of the misrepresentation material to the determination.” Ex parte Moody, 991 S.W.2d 856, 858
(Tex. Crim. App. 1999); see also Ex Parte Ali, 368 S.W.3d 827, 835–36 (Tex. App.—Austin
2012, pet. ref’d). The test is objective and turns on what a reasonable person in the defendant’s
shoes would do. See Ali, 368 S.W.3d at 835. In part because the motion for new trial did not
attach any evidence nor was an evidentiary hearing conducted on it, there is no indication in this
record of what advice appellant’s counsel gave him. Nor is there anything in the record to
indicate that appellant was told he would be able to hear the punishment evidence before he
made his determination of whether to withdraw his plea. The record does indicate that
appellant’s strategy throughout his trial was to accept responsibility for his actions and seek
probation based on his cooperation with the authorities and the fact that his relationship was with
a woman of legal age to consent. A recording made at the time of appellant’s arrest and shown
to the jury shows appellant admitting his relationship with the complainant while she was his
student. All the testimony presented at trial by both sides demonstrated appellant’s guilt of the
charged offense. The only indication appellant points to that he might have chosen to withdraw
his guilty plea after hearing the punishment evidence is his counsel’s unexplained motion for a
directed verdict at the close of the punishment phase. But even appellant’s oral motion for
directed verdict made no mention that appellant wished to withdraw his guilty plea. Without
–14– more, we cannot say that there is a reasonable probability that appellant’s trial strategy abruptly
changed and he would have withdrawn his plea in the face of overwhelming evidence of his
guilt.
Appellant next contends that his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by failing to
object to or correct various alleged instances of misinformation. The first instance about which
appellant complains is the testimony of a community supervision officer that the defense called
as a witness. The officer testified that “you do not have to register as a sex offender in this type
of case.” This statement, by itself, is true as appellant would not be required by statute to
register as a sex offender based on this offense. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 62.001(5).
Appellant presents no argument that the statement was inadmissible and the failure to object to
admissible evidence is not ineffective assistance of counsel. Oliva v. State, 942 S.W.2d 727, 732
(Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1997, pet. dism’d). But appellant contends the trial court
could have required him to register as a condition of community supervision and, therefore, the
officer’s testimony was misleading and should have been corrected.
In his argument before the jury, appellant’s counsel stressed that registration was not
required in cases such as this to demonstrate that appellant’s offense was not considered a sexual
assault of a minor, but rather an adult relationship that was improper only because it involved a
student and a teacher. Counsel’s failure to object to the community supervision officer’s
testimony on registration could be considered part of a reasonable trial strategy. Furthermore,
because the length of appellant’s sentence made him ineligible for community supervision, any
misinformation about the conditions of supervision he might have been subjected to would not
have affected the judgment against him.
The next instance of alleged misinformation is testimony by a defense witness regarding
appellant’s ability to resume teaching after his conviction. In his effort to convince the jury to
–15– recommend probation, appellant sought to assure them that he would not be able to teach if he
were released. Appellant complains that his counsel failed to object to testimony suggesting that
appellant would not be prevented by law from teaching in a private or charter school. Appellant
cites to various Texas statutes and administrative code provisions showing that he would not be
permitted to teach at a charter school after a felony conviction. See e.g., 19 Tex. Admin. Code §
100.1151(a)(1) (2003) (Tex. Educ. Agency, Criminal History; Restrictions on Serving).
However, appellant does not dispute that a felony conviction would not prevent him from being
employed by a private school. Rather than discredit his own witness by parsing out the issue of
employment at a charter school versus employment at a private school, appellant’s counsel
instead argued that it would be virtually impossible for appellant to obtain employment as a
teacher at any school following a conviction for improper relationship with a student. We cannot
say that this was not a reasonable strategy.
Appellant also claims his counsel was ineffective for failing to show the State was
incorrect in its statements about the conditions of his bond and for agreeing that appellant was
verbally directed not to see the complainant. Appellant’s counsel objected when the State
erroneously represented that appellant’s bond conditions prohibited him from contacting the
complainant and stated that appellant had not been given any conditions. The State did not
mention the bond again in front of the jury. Absent any explanation by counsel for not taking the
issue further, particularly in light of the fact that the matter was not raised again by the
prosecution, we cannot say defense counsel’s actions fell outside the scope of reasonable
professional representation. See Lopez, 343 S.W.3d at 142–43.
As for appellant’s contention that his counsel should not have agreed that he was verbally
instructed to not see the complainant again, the jury was shown the video recording of the
–16– conversation in which appellant was told that it would not be a good idea for him to contact her.
The jury could, therefore, draw its own conclusions as to the meaning of the statement.
Finally, appellant argues that his counsel’s performance was deficient because he failed
to request that the jury charge include additional language in the court’s instruction about the
applicability of good-conduct time to his eligibility for parole. Appellant contends that part of
his defense strategy was to convince the jury that ordering prison time would be futile because he
would be paroled quickly and resources would be better served by placing him on community
supervision. Because there is no record from which we may discern defense counsel’s reasons
for not requesting the additional language in the instruction, we must presume the strategy was a
sound one. Id. Indeed, since the length of appellant’s sentence indicates that the possibility of
probation was not a factor in the jury’s decision, it is entirely possible that appellant benefitted
from the good-conduct instruction as given. An instruction informing the jury that appellant
would be eligible for parole sooner might have resulted in a longer sentence.
After reviewing the record, we conclude appellant challenges the effectiveness of his
counsel regarding disparate matters that were admissible or which appellant does not complain
were inadmissible but nevertheless harmed him, neither of which supports his ineffective
assistance of counsel issue. See Wert v. State, 383 S.W.3d 747, 757 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th
Dist.] 2012, no pet.) (“failures to object to potentially inadmissible testimony are not sufficient,
in themselves, to constitute deficient performance”); Oliva, 942 S.W.2d at 732 (failure to object
to admissible evidence not ineffective assistance of counsel). At the very least, the challenged
conduct was not “so outrageous that no competent attorney would have engaged in it.” See
Goodspeed, 187 S.W.3d at 392. We resolve appellant’s seventh issue against him.
–17– E. Modification of Judgment
In his eighth and final issue, appellant contends the trial court’s judgment should be
modified because it incorrectly reflects that his plea was not guilty rather than guilty. The State
concedes this error. This Court has the power to modify incorrect judgments to make the record
speak the truth when we have the necessary information to do so. See Asberry v. State, 813
S.W.2d 526, 529–30 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1991, pet. ref’d). Because we have sufficient
information, we reform the judgment to correct the above errors.
CONCLUSION
We modify the trial court’s judgment to reflect that appellant pleaded guilty to the
charged offense. As modified the judgment is affirmed.
/ David Evans/ DAVID EVANS JUSTICE Do Not Publish TEX. R. APP. P. 47 130219F.U05
–18– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
ANDREW SCOTT LOTT, Appellant On Appeal from the 194th Judicial District Court, Dallas County, Texas No. 05-13-00219-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F-1240454-M Opinion delivered by Justice Evans. Justices THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Francis and Stoddart participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is MODIFIED as follows: Under the section “Plea to the Offense” the judgment is reformed to state “Guilty.” As REFORMED, the judgment is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered this 16th day of March, 2015.
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