IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 14-0332 Filed February 11, 2015
ANDREW LOWE, Applicant-Appellant,
vs.
STATE OF IOWA, Respondent-Appellee. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Tama County, Mary E. Chicchelly,
Judge.
A defendant appeals from the denial of his application for postconviction
relief. AFFIRMED.
John J. Bishop, Cedar Rapids, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Kyle P. Hanson, Assistant Attorney
General, and Brent D. Heeren, County Attorney, for appellee State.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., Bower, J., and Goodhue, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2015). 2
GOODHUE, S.J.
On July 27, 2011, Andrew Lowe filed for postconviction relief, but his
request was denied on January 29, 2014. Lowe has appealed, and we affirm.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings
In January 2004 Lowe was residing in a juvenile residential treatment
facility and had been placed in the sexual offender treatment program. The
placement was the result of a juvenile delinquency finding regarding sexual
abuse of a minor. As a part of the program he was repeatedly asked to report
any other sexual abuse of a minor in which he had been involved. Lowe testified
he was told to be honest and that he would not get into trouble or be charged
with any admission he might make. During a session with his sexual offender
treatment counselor, Jeremy Hrabek, he admitted touching a neighbor’s four-
year-old daughter inappropriately in July 2003. Hrabek disclosed the
conversation to his supervisor, Chris Olds. Olds instructed Lowe to convey the
admission to his juvenile court officer, Craig Grebner. Lowe called Grebner and
Grebner notified law enforcement. There was an investigation and corroboration
was obtained. Lowe was charged with sexual abuse in the second degree.
Lowe’s trial counsel was aware of the disclosure and was concerned with
the confidential and arguably privileged nature of the statement, as well as the
lack of a Miranda warning accompanying the admission that triggered the
investigation and charges. Defense counsel prepared a motion to suppress
Lowe’s statement, but decided to wait until depositions had been taken before
filing the motion. Lowe and his parents were also aware the investigation was
triggered by the admission and aware of the possibility and ramification of its 3
suppression. The county attorney approached defense counsel and indicated
that if Lowe pled guilty he would reduce the charge to third-degree sexual abuse
and recommend a deferred judgment.
Defense counsel never filed the motion to suppress. He was not sure he
could prevail on the motion to suppress and, even if he did, there was a
possibility that Lowe could be convicted of the greater offense based on other
evidence available to the State. Defense counsel was concerned the offer would
be withdrawn it the motion was filed and pursued. After discussions with Lowe it
was decided they did not want to jeopardize the plea agreement. The plea offer
was accepted, and the plea of guilty was entered. Lowe was sentenced in
accordance with the plea agreement. Lowe appealed. One of the issues raised
was ineffective assistance of counsel. Lowe’s conviction was affirmed, but the
issue of ineffective assistance of counsel was preserved for postconviction relief.
See State v. Lowe, No. 05-2031, 2006 WL 3615005, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. Dec.
13, 2006). Procedendo issued January 26, 2007.
A report of violations of the terms and conditions of Lowe’s deferred
judgment was filed and after a hearing, an order was entered on November 10,
2005, taking away the deferred judgment and adjudicating Lowe guilty of sexual
abuse in the third degree. He was granted probation, but was required to reside
in a community corrections center until maximum benefits had been achieved.
On February 9, 2007, Lowe filed his first application for postconviction
relief based on ineffective assistance of counsel. Counsel’s advice to plead
guilty without filing the motion to suppress was one of his claims. The trial court
denied his request for postconviction relief and he appealed. However, appellate 4
counsel apparently did not advance trial counsel’s failure to attack the
admissibility of Lowe’s admission as a component of the claim of ineffective
assistance of counsel in his appeal brief. See Lowe v. State, No. 08-1551, 2009
WL 1677240, at *4 (Iowa Ct. App. June 17, 2009).
That failure is the basis of Lowe’s present claim of ineffective assistance
of appellate counsel. This matter was tried based on the evidence received in
the first postconviction-relief proceeding. The underlying issue was again trial
counsel’s ineffective assistance based on a failure to file a motion to suppress
relative to the admission that Lowe made. The trial court denied the request for
postconviction relief and Lowe has appealed.
II. Standard of Review
Postconviction relief proceedings are normally reviewed for errors of law,
but claims of ineffective assistance of counsel raise constitutional issues and are
reviewed de novo. Castro v. State, 795 N.W.2d 789, 792 (Iowa 2011).
III. Error Preservation
It is generally considered that an issue must be raised and ruled on by the
trial court for it to be preserved on appeal. Meier v. Senecaut, 641 N.W.2d 532,
537 (Iowa 2002). Lowe raised appellate counsel’s failure to pursue the issues
raised in the motion to suppress before the trial court, and it was ruled on. Error
has been preserved. The State’s brief on appeal notes that the second
application for postconviction relief was not filed within the statutory time period.
See Iowa Code § 822.3 (2013). That issue was not raised before the district
court. Error has not been preserved as to that issue. DeVoss v. State, 648
N.W.2d 56, 63 (Iowa 2002). 5
IV. Discussion
Lowe’s appellate counsel in the first postconviction proceeding was not
called to testify as to why he had not pursued trial counsel’s failure to file the
motion to suppress and the issues it contained. Instead, the proceeding was
directed exclusively to the merits of trial counsel’s decision to enter the plea of
guilty without filing the motion to suppress.
To establish ineffective assistance of counsel a claimant must establish by
a preponderance of the evidence counsel failed to perform an essential duty and
prejudice resulted. State v. Straw, 709 N.W.2d 128, 133 (Iowa 2006). Lowe
entered a plea of guilty. Due process requires that a guilty plea be entered
voluntarily and intelligently. Id.
Lowe testified at length about how his admission was gained in a setting
he believed was confidential and privileged, and how it was subsequently used to
pursue the investigation that led to the filing of the charges. Defense counsel
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 14-0332 Filed February 11, 2015
ANDREW LOWE, Applicant-Appellant,
vs.
STATE OF IOWA, Respondent-Appellee. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Tama County, Mary E. Chicchelly,
Judge.
A defendant appeals from the denial of his application for postconviction
relief. AFFIRMED.
John J. Bishop, Cedar Rapids, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Kyle P. Hanson, Assistant Attorney
General, and Brent D. Heeren, County Attorney, for appellee State.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., Bower, J., and Goodhue, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2015). 2
GOODHUE, S.J.
On July 27, 2011, Andrew Lowe filed for postconviction relief, but his
request was denied on January 29, 2014. Lowe has appealed, and we affirm.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings
In January 2004 Lowe was residing in a juvenile residential treatment
facility and had been placed in the sexual offender treatment program. The
placement was the result of a juvenile delinquency finding regarding sexual
abuse of a minor. As a part of the program he was repeatedly asked to report
any other sexual abuse of a minor in which he had been involved. Lowe testified
he was told to be honest and that he would not get into trouble or be charged
with any admission he might make. During a session with his sexual offender
treatment counselor, Jeremy Hrabek, he admitted touching a neighbor’s four-
year-old daughter inappropriately in July 2003. Hrabek disclosed the
conversation to his supervisor, Chris Olds. Olds instructed Lowe to convey the
admission to his juvenile court officer, Craig Grebner. Lowe called Grebner and
Grebner notified law enforcement. There was an investigation and corroboration
was obtained. Lowe was charged with sexual abuse in the second degree.
Lowe’s trial counsel was aware of the disclosure and was concerned with
the confidential and arguably privileged nature of the statement, as well as the
lack of a Miranda warning accompanying the admission that triggered the
investigation and charges. Defense counsel prepared a motion to suppress
Lowe’s statement, but decided to wait until depositions had been taken before
filing the motion. Lowe and his parents were also aware the investigation was
triggered by the admission and aware of the possibility and ramification of its 3
suppression. The county attorney approached defense counsel and indicated
that if Lowe pled guilty he would reduce the charge to third-degree sexual abuse
and recommend a deferred judgment.
Defense counsel never filed the motion to suppress. He was not sure he
could prevail on the motion to suppress and, even if he did, there was a
possibility that Lowe could be convicted of the greater offense based on other
evidence available to the State. Defense counsel was concerned the offer would
be withdrawn it the motion was filed and pursued. After discussions with Lowe it
was decided they did not want to jeopardize the plea agreement. The plea offer
was accepted, and the plea of guilty was entered. Lowe was sentenced in
accordance with the plea agreement. Lowe appealed. One of the issues raised
was ineffective assistance of counsel. Lowe’s conviction was affirmed, but the
issue of ineffective assistance of counsel was preserved for postconviction relief.
See State v. Lowe, No. 05-2031, 2006 WL 3615005, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. Dec.
13, 2006). Procedendo issued January 26, 2007.
A report of violations of the terms and conditions of Lowe’s deferred
judgment was filed and after a hearing, an order was entered on November 10,
2005, taking away the deferred judgment and adjudicating Lowe guilty of sexual
abuse in the third degree. He was granted probation, but was required to reside
in a community corrections center until maximum benefits had been achieved.
On February 9, 2007, Lowe filed his first application for postconviction
relief based on ineffective assistance of counsel. Counsel’s advice to plead
guilty without filing the motion to suppress was one of his claims. The trial court
denied his request for postconviction relief and he appealed. However, appellate 4
counsel apparently did not advance trial counsel’s failure to attack the
admissibility of Lowe’s admission as a component of the claim of ineffective
assistance of counsel in his appeal brief. See Lowe v. State, No. 08-1551, 2009
WL 1677240, at *4 (Iowa Ct. App. June 17, 2009).
That failure is the basis of Lowe’s present claim of ineffective assistance
of appellate counsel. This matter was tried based on the evidence received in
the first postconviction-relief proceeding. The underlying issue was again trial
counsel’s ineffective assistance based on a failure to file a motion to suppress
relative to the admission that Lowe made. The trial court denied the request for
postconviction relief and Lowe has appealed.
II. Standard of Review
Postconviction relief proceedings are normally reviewed for errors of law,
but claims of ineffective assistance of counsel raise constitutional issues and are
reviewed de novo. Castro v. State, 795 N.W.2d 789, 792 (Iowa 2011).
III. Error Preservation
It is generally considered that an issue must be raised and ruled on by the
trial court for it to be preserved on appeal. Meier v. Senecaut, 641 N.W.2d 532,
537 (Iowa 2002). Lowe raised appellate counsel’s failure to pursue the issues
raised in the motion to suppress before the trial court, and it was ruled on. Error
has been preserved. The State’s brief on appeal notes that the second
application for postconviction relief was not filed within the statutory time period.
See Iowa Code § 822.3 (2013). That issue was not raised before the district
court. Error has not been preserved as to that issue. DeVoss v. State, 648
N.W.2d 56, 63 (Iowa 2002). 5
IV. Discussion
Lowe’s appellate counsel in the first postconviction proceeding was not
called to testify as to why he had not pursued trial counsel’s failure to file the
motion to suppress and the issues it contained. Instead, the proceeding was
directed exclusively to the merits of trial counsel’s decision to enter the plea of
guilty without filing the motion to suppress.
To establish ineffective assistance of counsel a claimant must establish by
a preponderance of the evidence counsel failed to perform an essential duty and
prejudice resulted. State v. Straw, 709 N.W.2d 128, 133 (Iowa 2006). Lowe
entered a plea of guilty. Due process requires that a guilty plea be entered
voluntarily and intelligently. Id.
Lowe testified at length about how his admission was gained in a setting
he believed was confidential and privileged, and how it was subsequently used to
pursue the investigation that led to the filing of the charges. Defense counsel
testified that Lowe and his parents were aware of the issues of confidentiality and
privilege and the lack of a Miranda warning. That concern led to counsel’s
preparation of a motion to suppress. Lowe cannot contend he was unaware of
the issues raised by the unfiled motion to suppress. It is easy to see why Lowe
feels the admission which triggered the investigation was obtained unfairly and
by trickery and deceit. Nevertheless, these considerations were weighed against
a favorable plea agreement and a decision to enter the plea was reached. It is
difficult to find that counsel failed to perform an essential duty in failing to file the
motion, but even if he did, prejudice still must be established. If prejudice does
not exist a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel can be decided without 6
considering whether an essential duty was breached. Ledezma v. State, 626
N.W.2d 134, 142 (Iowa 2001).
To establish prejudice a claimant must establish there was a reasonable
possibility that but for the ineffective assistance alleged he or she would not have
pled guilty. Straw, 709 N.W.2d at 138. Lowe pled guilty to a highly favorable
plea agreement which reduced a possible second-degree sexual abuse charge
to third-degree sexual abuse and a deferred judgment. Lowe testified at his first
postconviction-relief proceeding that he would not have been involved in a
postconviction hearing if the deferred judgment had not been revoked. Even
though in the initial postconviction-relief proceeding trial counsel was found to
have failed to perform an essential duty on a separate issue, the court denied
postconviction relief stating, “Given the circumstances and evidence before us,
we find no reasonable probability Lowe would have refused the plea agreement
and insisted on being tried on the more serious offense. Therefore, Lowe has
not demonstrated prejudice.” Lowe v. State, No. 08-1551, 2009 WL 1677240, at
*5 (Iowa Ct. App. June 17, 2009). We have the same record before us, and we
also find that Lowe has failed to prove prejudice. There is nothing in the record
to establish that Lowe would have risked the certainty of his favorable plea deal
by filing the motion to suppress and risking the uncertain consequences.
AFFIRMED.