COURT OF APPEALS SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS FORT WORTH
NO. 02-18-00051-CV
AMY BAKER APPELLANT
V.
CHELSEA BAKER AND DAKOTA APPELLEES BAKER
----------
FROM THE 96TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY TRIAL COURT NO. 096-293112-17
MEMORANDUM OPINION1
I. INTRODUCTION
In one issue, Appellant Amy Baker challenges the trial court’s order
dismissing her partition lawsuit for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. We will
reverse and remand.
1 See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4. II. BACKGROUND
Amy and John Todd Baker2 were divorced by decree on September 22,
2015. The divorce decree did not divide Amy’s and J. Todd’s community
interests in a house located at 404 Sage Lane, Euless, Texas 76039 (the
Property).
J. Todd died on May 21, 2017, leaving behind two adult children,
Appellees Chelsea Baker and Dakota Baker. On July 7, 2017, Amy filed an
original petition in the 96th District Court of Tarrant County, seeking a partition of
the Property on the theory that because J. Todd died intestate, his interest in the
Property immediately vested in Appellees, leaving them with a one-half
ownership interest in addition to Amy’s one-half ownership interest.
On July 10, 2017, Appellees filed an application for independent
administration of J. Todd’s estate in Probate Court No. 2 of Tarrant County.
Appellees then filed a motion in the 96th District Court seeking dismissal of
Amy’s partition lawsuit for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. Appellees argued
that Probate Court No. 2 had exclusive jurisdiction over all causes of action
related to the now-pending administration of J. Todd’s estate. After Amy filed a
response, the 96th District Court signed an order dismissing Amy’s partition
lawsuit.
The briefs refer to John Todd Baker as “J. Todd.” We adopt this usage. 2
2 On appeal, Amy raises a single issue challenging the dismissal of her
partition suit for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.
III. APPLICABLE LAW
Whether a court has subject-matter jurisdiction is a question of law subject
to our de novo review. Tex. Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d
217, 226 (Tex. 2004); Tex. Natural Res. Conservation Comm’n v. IT–Davy, 74
S.W.3d 849, 855 (Tex. 2002). “Subject[-]matter jurisdiction is ‘essential to a
court’s power to decide a case.’” City of Houston v. Rhule, 417 S.W.3d 440, 442
(Tex. 2013) (quoting Bland ISD v. Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 554 (Tex. 2000)).
The Texas Property Code provides that “[a] joint owner or a claimant of
real property or an interest in real property may bring an action to partition the
property or interest in a district court of a county in which any part of the property
is located.” Tex. Prop. Code Ann. § 23.002 (West 2014). Thus, “[j]urisdiction of
suits for partition of real estate lies in the District Court.” Ray v. Ray, 234 S.W.2d
933, 934 (Tex. Civ. App.—Eastland 1950, no writ). But a district court’s
jurisdiction over partition suits is not exclusive. See Eris v. Giannakopoulos, 369
S.W.3d 618, 620–21 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. dism’d) (“The
language of section 23.002 does not indicate a legislative intent that district
courts have exclusive jurisdiction over partition actions; rather, the use of the
word ‘may’ demonstrates a permissive, rather than mandatory, procedure.”).
Pursuant to the Texas Estates Code, “A cause of action related to the
probate proceeding must be brought in a statutory probate court unless the
3 jurisdiction of the statutory probate court is concurrent with the jurisdiction of a
district court as provided by [s]ection 32.007 or with the jurisdiction of any other
court.” Tex. Est. Code Ann. § 32.005(a) (West 2014) (emphasis added). A
“probate proceeding” includes an application, petition, motion, or action regarding
estate administration, id. § 31.001(4) (West 2014), and a claim “related to the
probate proceeding” includes an action for trial of the right to property that is
estate property. Id. § 31.002(a)(6), (c); see also Wallace v. Wallace, No. 05-17-
00447-CV, 2017 WL 4479653, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas Oct. 9, 2017, no pet.)
(mem. op.). However, to trigger a statutory probate court’s exclusive subject-
matter jurisdiction over a cause “related to the probate proceeding,” a probate
proceeding must already be pending. See Schuld v. Dembrinski, 12 S.W.3d 485,
487 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2000, no pet.) (recognizing that “a court empowered with
probate jurisdiction may only exercise its probate jurisdiction over ‘matters
incident to an estate’[3] when a probate proceeding relating to such matter is
already pending in that court” (quoting Bailey v. Cherokee Cty. Appraisal Dist.,
862 S.W.2d 581, 585 (Tex. 1993) (op. on reh’g))); Garza v. Rodriguez, 18
3 The current estates code provides a statutory probate court jurisdiction over a cause of action “related to the probate proceeding,” Tex. Est. Code Ann. § 32.005(a), whereas the former probate code provided jurisdiction for “all matters incident to an estate.” Act of May 14, 2001, 77th Leg., R.S., ch. 63, § 1, sec. 5(e), 2001 Tex. Sess. Law Serv. Ch. 63 (Vernon’s), repealed by Act of May 29, 2011, 82d Leg., R.S., ch. 1338, § 1.42(b), 2011 Tex. Sess. Law Serv. 3884, 3905 (West). This wording change does not alter our analysis for purposes of this appeal; nor do the parties so contend. See 29 Tex. Jur. 3d Decedents’ Estates § 801 (2014) (attributing no substantive difference to wording change).
4 S.W.3d 694, 698 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2000, no pet.) (“[B]efore a matter can
be regarded as incident to an estate . . . a probate proceeding must actually be
pending.”).
In light of the foregoing, courts have repeatedly concluded that a district
court and a probate court can possess concurrent subject-matter jurisdiction over
a variety of suits, including partition suits. See, e.g., Schuld, 12 S.W.3d at 487
(holding statutory probate court did not have exclusive jurisdiction over partition
suit); Goodwin v. Kent, 745 S.W.2d 466, 469 (Tex. App.—Tyler 1988, no writ)
(concluding both district court and county court sitting in probate have at least
“theoretical” authority to hear and decide a title issue regarding real property); cf.
Tovias v. Wildwood Props. P’ship, L.P., 67 S.W.3d 527, 529 (Tex. App.—
Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no pet.) (holding “[n]either [probate nor district] court
had exclusive subject[-]matter jurisdiction” over wrongful death suit but that “each
had concurrent subject[-]matter jurisdiction”).
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COURT OF APPEALS SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS FORT WORTH
NO. 02-18-00051-CV
AMY BAKER APPELLANT
V.
CHELSEA BAKER AND DAKOTA APPELLEES BAKER
----------
FROM THE 96TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY TRIAL COURT NO. 096-293112-17
MEMORANDUM OPINION1
I. INTRODUCTION
In one issue, Appellant Amy Baker challenges the trial court’s order
dismissing her partition lawsuit for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. We will
reverse and remand.
1 See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4. II. BACKGROUND
Amy and John Todd Baker2 were divorced by decree on September 22,
2015. The divorce decree did not divide Amy’s and J. Todd’s community
interests in a house located at 404 Sage Lane, Euless, Texas 76039 (the
Property).
J. Todd died on May 21, 2017, leaving behind two adult children,
Appellees Chelsea Baker and Dakota Baker. On July 7, 2017, Amy filed an
original petition in the 96th District Court of Tarrant County, seeking a partition of
the Property on the theory that because J. Todd died intestate, his interest in the
Property immediately vested in Appellees, leaving them with a one-half
ownership interest in addition to Amy’s one-half ownership interest.
On July 10, 2017, Appellees filed an application for independent
administration of J. Todd’s estate in Probate Court No. 2 of Tarrant County.
Appellees then filed a motion in the 96th District Court seeking dismissal of
Amy’s partition lawsuit for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. Appellees argued
that Probate Court No. 2 had exclusive jurisdiction over all causes of action
related to the now-pending administration of J. Todd’s estate. After Amy filed a
response, the 96th District Court signed an order dismissing Amy’s partition
lawsuit.
The briefs refer to John Todd Baker as “J. Todd.” We adopt this usage. 2
2 On appeal, Amy raises a single issue challenging the dismissal of her
partition suit for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.
III. APPLICABLE LAW
Whether a court has subject-matter jurisdiction is a question of law subject
to our de novo review. Tex. Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d
217, 226 (Tex. 2004); Tex. Natural Res. Conservation Comm’n v. IT–Davy, 74
S.W.3d 849, 855 (Tex. 2002). “Subject[-]matter jurisdiction is ‘essential to a
court’s power to decide a case.’” City of Houston v. Rhule, 417 S.W.3d 440, 442
(Tex. 2013) (quoting Bland ISD v. Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 554 (Tex. 2000)).
The Texas Property Code provides that “[a] joint owner or a claimant of
real property or an interest in real property may bring an action to partition the
property or interest in a district court of a county in which any part of the property
is located.” Tex. Prop. Code Ann. § 23.002 (West 2014). Thus, “[j]urisdiction of
suits for partition of real estate lies in the District Court.” Ray v. Ray, 234 S.W.2d
933, 934 (Tex. Civ. App.—Eastland 1950, no writ). But a district court’s
jurisdiction over partition suits is not exclusive. See Eris v. Giannakopoulos, 369
S.W.3d 618, 620–21 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. dism’d) (“The
language of section 23.002 does not indicate a legislative intent that district
courts have exclusive jurisdiction over partition actions; rather, the use of the
word ‘may’ demonstrates a permissive, rather than mandatory, procedure.”).
Pursuant to the Texas Estates Code, “A cause of action related to the
probate proceeding must be brought in a statutory probate court unless the
3 jurisdiction of the statutory probate court is concurrent with the jurisdiction of a
district court as provided by [s]ection 32.007 or with the jurisdiction of any other
court.” Tex. Est. Code Ann. § 32.005(a) (West 2014) (emphasis added). A
“probate proceeding” includes an application, petition, motion, or action regarding
estate administration, id. § 31.001(4) (West 2014), and a claim “related to the
probate proceeding” includes an action for trial of the right to property that is
estate property. Id. § 31.002(a)(6), (c); see also Wallace v. Wallace, No. 05-17-
00447-CV, 2017 WL 4479653, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas Oct. 9, 2017, no pet.)
(mem. op.). However, to trigger a statutory probate court’s exclusive subject-
matter jurisdiction over a cause “related to the probate proceeding,” a probate
proceeding must already be pending. See Schuld v. Dembrinski, 12 S.W.3d 485,
487 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2000, no pet.) (recognizing that “a court empowered with
probate jurisdiction may only exercise its probate jurisdiction over ‘matters
incident to an estate’[3] when a probate proceeding relating to such matter is
already pending in that court” (quoting Bailey v. Cherokee Cty. Appraisal Dist.,
862 S.W.2d 581, 585 (Tex. 1993) (op. on reh’g))); Garza v. Rodriguez, 18
3 The current estates code provides a statutory probate court jurisdiction over a cause of action “related to the probate proceeding,” Tex. Est. Code Ann. § 32.005(a), whereas the former probate code provided jurisdiction for “all matters incident to an estate.” Act of May 14, 2001, 77th Leg., R.S., ch. 63, § 1, sec. 5(e), 2001 Tex. Sess. Law Serv. Ch. 63 (Vernon’s), repealed by Act of May 29, 2011, 82d Leg., R.S., ch. 1338, § 1.42(b), 2011 Tex. Sess. Law Serv. 3884, 3905 (West). This wording change does not alter our analysis for purposes of this appeal; nor do the parties so contend. See 29 Tex. Jur. 3d Decedents’ Estates § 801 (2014) (attributing no substantive difference to wording change).
4 S.W.3d 694, 698 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2000, no pet.) (“[B]efore a matter can
be regarded as incident to an estate . . . a probate proceeding must actually be
pending.”).
In light of the foregoing, courts have repeatedly concluded that a district
court and a probate court can possess concurrent subject-matter jurisdiction over
a variety of suits, including partition suits. See, e.g., Schuld, 12 S.W.3d at 487
(holding statutory probate court did not have exclusive jurisdiction over partition
suit); Goodwin v. Kent, 745 S.W.2d 466, 469 (Tex. App.—Tyler 1988, no writ)
(concluding both district court and county court sitting in probate have at least
“theoretical” authority to hear and decide a title issue regarding real property); cf.
Tovias v. Wildwood Props. P’ship, L.P., 67 S.W.3d 527, 529 (Tex. App.—
Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no pet.) (holding “[n]either [probate nor district] court
had exclusive subject[-]matter jurisdiction” over wrongful death suit but that “each
had concurrent subject[-]matter jurisdiction”).
IV. ANALYSIS
Amy filed her partition suit in the 96th District Court on July 7, 2017. Three
days later, Appellees filed an application for independent administration of J.
Todd’s estate in Probate Court No. 2. Thus, the 96th District Court had subject-
matter jurisdiction over Amy’s partition suit when she filed it. See Tex. Prop.
Code Ann. § 23.002; Ray, 234 S.W.2d at 934. Yet Appellees’ motion to dismiss
Amy’s partition suit did not address the legal significance of the fact that no
probate proceeding was pending at the time Amy filed her partition suit. Instead,
5 Appellees’ motion to dismiss Amy’s first-filed partition suit for lack of jurisdiction is
premised on the assertion that the 96th District Court lacks subject-matter
jurisdiction over Amy’s partition suit because of the subsequently-filed application
for administration of J. Todd’s estate. We cannot agree.
A statutory probate court’s exclusive subject-matter jurisdiction over a
related cause of action under section 32.005 of the estates code is triggered
when a probate proceeding is pending at the time the allegedly related cause of
action is filed. See Schuld, 12 S.W.3d at 487 (holding statutory probate court did
not have exclusive subject-matter jurisdiction over partition lawsuit because
probate statute providing for exclusive subject-matter jurisdiction was “not
triggered” when no probate proceeding was taking place or pending when
partition suit was filed); Garza, 18 S.W.3d at 698. Because no probate
proceeding was pending at the time Amy filed her partition suit, the exclusive-
subject-matter-jurisdiction provision of section 32.005 was not triggered.
Therefore, we hold that the 96th District Court erred by dismissing Amy’s
partition suit for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction, and we sustain Amy’s sole
issue.4
4 When a district court and probate court have concurrent subject-matter jurisdiction over a cause of action, “the issue is one of dominant jurisdiction,” and “filing a dilatory plea in abatement is the proper method for drawing a court’s attention to another court’s possible dominant jurisdiction[.]” See In re Puig, 351 S.W.3d 301, 305 (Tex. 2011) (orig. proceeding). However, no party has filed a plea in abatement or properly raised this issue in the trial court, so the question of dominant jurisdiction is not properly before us. See Tovias, 67 S.W.3d at 529 (reversing and remanding without deciding whether a plea in abatement should 6 V. CONCLUSION
Having sustained Amy’s sole issue, we reverse the trial court’s dismissal
order and remand the case for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
/s/ Sue Walker SUE WALKER JUSTICE
PANEL: SUDDERTH, C.J.; WALKER and MEIER, JJ.
DELIVERED: September 6, 2018
be granted because it would depend on what occurred in the trial court and “[t]hose evidentiary and discretionary matters are for the district judge, not us, to decide”).