Bell, J.
The liability of any person, summoned as trustee of a debtor, where he is to be charged, if at all, as maker or indorser of a negotiable paper, is to be determined by the 18th and 19th sections of chapter 208 of the Revised [320] Statutes, (Com. Stat. 529,) which provide that “if any person summoned as trustee as aforesaid, is indebted, at the time of the service of such process or afterwards, to such debtor by a negotiable promissory note, made or payable in this State, or the parties to which, at the time of making the same, resided in this State, the court may make a rule requiring such debtor to appear, and answer on oath all in» terrogatories respecting the possession, transfer or other disposition of such note, and a rule or order of notice to be served upon any individual, or published in some newspa» per, for the information of any person who may claim an interest in said note, so that such person may appear and show that the same was transferred to him in good faith, and for an adequate consideration, before the service of such trustee process ; and the question, whether the same was so transferred to him, shall be decided by the jury, if he or the plaintiff request it. If it shall not appear that the note was so transferred, the promiser shall be charged as the trustee of such debtor, and the payment of the judgment rendered against him shall be a discharge from the note, or from such part thereof as is equal to the amount so paid by him, together with all costs taxed in his favor.”
The second plea does not allege any transfer before the service of the process, nor does it allege that the note was made or payable out of the State, nor by parties residing elsewhere. It of course shows no reason why the trustee should not be charged. It would be otherwise if the rights of the indorsee were governed by the common law. If a note is indorsed in good faith, for a valuable consideration, before it is due, the indorsee, by the principles of the common law, holds it free from any claims of the creditors of •the payee. But by this statute the indorsee in such case 'takes the note subject to the claims of any creditor who has laid an attachment upon it, by the service of a trustee process, at any time before it is transferred. This difference between the law of this State and that of others, where the [321] law merchant still governs, is one important to be generally-known and steadily borne in mind by dealers in such securities. The plea being essentially defective, there must be judgment for the plaintiff on the demurrer.
Gibbs, the principal debtor, was called into court by the plaintiff, upon a rule pursuant to the 18th section, before recited, but upon his appearance the plaintiff declined to examine him, and his testimony was taken on motion of the claimant. The question is raised, whether his testimony, thus taken, is to be annexed to the disclosure of the trustee, agreeably to the 22d section of the same chapter, which provides that “ if any person shall claim any money, goods, chattels, rights or credits, or other property, as aforesaid, in the hands of any supposed trustee, by assignment from the debtor, or otherwise, the court may permit or cause him to appear and maintain his right. The testimony of the debtor, or of any competent witness, may be taken, in such manner as the court shall direct, and filed with, or appended to the disclosure of the trustee, and the court may award such costs between such claimant, the creditor and trustee, as justice and equity may require.”
We are of opinion that it is wholly immaterial upon whose motion such testimony is taken; and where it appears that the testimony is taken, as in this case', upon motion of a party in court, we are bound to presume that the testimony was taken “ in such manner as was directed by the court, and that such testimony might be rightfully filed with, or appended to the disclosure of the trustee, and the motion so to annex the testimony of Gibbs to the disclosure of the trustee, should have been granted.
As an issue had been ordered to try the claim of Mr. Farley, under the 18th section, before cited, it is evident that the testimony of Gibbs was taken, not for the purpose of having it considered by the court in connection with the disclosure, but for the purpose of its being used as evidence upon the trial before the jury, under the clause of the 28th [322] section, which provides that the disclosure may be evidence, which will be presently stated at length. It seems to have been the idea that if this testimony was appended to the disclosure, it might be regarded as part of it, and as such be used upon the trial. We have therefore considered this question, and the opinion we have formed is, that under the provision which makes the disclosure competent, the testimony appended to and filed with the disclosure, cannot be admitted as evidence. Such testimony may have been taken at an early stage of the cause, before any claim to the property had been interposed, and those who have become the parties in interest in the jury trial may have had no opportunity of cross examination, or of objecting to the witnesses, or their testimony; and it would be unjust to them to admit the evidence under such circumstances. The object of this provision seems to us to be to allow a party who does not desire the delay and expense of a jury trial, to take evidence under the direction of the court, to be considered by them with the disclosure, in deciding the case, while the provision is made that on a trial by jury, the disclosure, and any other competent evidence may be offered, thus leaving the evidence upon the jury trial, except in the case of the disclosure alone, to stand upon the ground of its competency, as in ordinary trials by jury. We think, therefore, that the testimony appended to, or filed with a disclosure, is not for that reason admissible; but it must be admitted or rejected on the ordinary ground of its competency.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
Bell, J.
The liability of any person, summoned as trustee of a debtor, where he is to be charged, if at all, as maker or indorser of a negotiable paper, is to be determined by the 18th and 19th sections of chapter 208 of the Revised [320] Statutes, (Com. Stat. 529,) which provide that “if any person summoned as trustee as aforesaid, is indebted, at the time of the service of such process or afterwards, to such debtor by a negotiable promissory note, made or payable in this State, or the parties to which, at the time of making the same, resided in this State, the court may make a rule requiring such debtor to appear, and answer on oath all in» terrogatories respecting the possession, transfer or other disposition of such note, and a rule or order of notice to be served upon any individual, or published in some newspa» per, for the information of any person who may claim an interest in said note, so that such person may appear and show that the same was transferred to him in good faith, and for an adequate consideration, before the service of such trustee process ; and the question, whether the same was so transferred to him, shall be decided by the jury, if he or the plaintiff request it. If it shall not appear that the note was so transferred, the promiser shall be charged as the trustee of such debtor, and the payment of the judgment rendered against him shall be a discharge from the note, or from such part thereof as is equal to the amount so paid by him, together with all costs taxed in his favor.”
The second plea does not allege any transfer before the service of the process, nor does it allege that the note was made or payable out of the State, nor by parties residing elsewhere. It of course shows no reason why the trustee should not be charged. It would be otherwise if the rights of the indorsee were governed by the common law. If a note is indorsed in good faith, for a valuable consideration, before it is due, the indorsee, by the principles of the common law, holds it free from any claims of the creditors of •the payee. But by this statute the indorsee in such case 'takes the note subject to the claims of any creditor who has laid an attachment upon it, by the service of a trustee process, at any time before it is transferred. This difference between the law of this State and that of others, where the [321] law merchant still governs, is one important to be generally-known and steadily borne in mind by dealers in such securities. The plea being essentially defective, there must be judgment for the plaintiff on the demurrer.
Gibbs, the principal debtor, was called into court by the plaintiff, upon a rule pursuant to the 18th section, before recited, but upon his appearance the plaintiff declined to examine him, and his testimony was taken on motion of the claimant. The question is raised, whether his testimony, thus taken, is to be annexed to the disclosure of the trustee, agreeably to the 22d section of the same chapter, which provides that “ if any person shall claim any money, goods, chattels, rights or credits, or other property, as aforesaid, in the hands of any supposed trustee, by assignment from the debtor, or otherwise, the court may permit or cause him to appear and maintain his right. The testimony of the debtor, or of any competent witness, may be taken, in such manner as the court shall direct, and filed with, or appended to the disclosure of the trustee, and the court may award such costs between such claimant, the creditor and trustee, as justice and equity may require.”
We are of opinion that it is wholly immaterial upon whose motion such testimony is taken; and where it appears that the testimony is taken, as in this case', upon motion of a party in court, we are bound to presume that the testimony was taken “ in such manner as was directed by the court, and that such testimony might be rightfully filed with, or appended to the disclosure of the trustee, and the motion so to annex the testimony of Gibbs to the disclosure of the trustee, should have been granted.
As an issue had been ordered to try the claim of Mr. Farley, under the 18th section, before cited, it is evident that the testimony of Gibbs was taken, not for the purpose of having it considered by the court in connection with the disclosure, but for the purpose of its being used as evidence upon the trial before the jury, under the clause of the 28th [322] section, which provides that the disclosure may be evidence, which will be presently stated at length. It seems to have been the idea that if this testimony was appended to the disclosure, it might be regarded as part of it, and as such be used upon the trial. We have therefore considered this question, and the opinion we have formed is, that under the provision which makes the disclosure competent, the testimony appended to and filed with the disclosure, cannot be admitted as evidence. Such testimony may have been taken at an early stage of the cause, before any claim to the property had been interposed, and those who have become the parties in interest in the jury trial may have had no opportunity of cross examination, or of objecting to the witnesses, or their testimony; and it would be unjust to them to admit the evidence under such circumstances. The object of this provision seems to us to be to allow a party who does not desire the delay and expense of a jury trial, to take evidence under the direction of the court, to be considered by them with the disclosure, in deciding the case, while the provision is made that on a trial by jury, the disclosure, and any other competent evidence may be offered, thus leaving the evidence upon the jury trial, except in the case of the disclosure alone, to stand upon the ground of its competency, as in ordinary trials by jury. We think, therefore, that the testimony appended to, or filed with a disclosure, is not for that reason admissible; but it must be admitted or rejected on the ordinary ground of its competency.
The principal debtor, Gibbs, was offered as a witness before the jury and rejected; and upon this ruling the most important question of the case depends. The object of the previous questions was to render his testimony available. Under the 28th section the debtor is, in terms, made a competent witness. This section is as follows: “ Upon disclosure made by any person summoned as trustee, the creditor may move the court that the question, whether such person is trustee or not, be tried by the jury; and upon payment of [323] the trustee’s costs up to the time of filing such motion, unless the court shall restrict the same, an order shall be made and an issue framed for the trial of such question ; and on such trial the disclosure so made, and any other competent evidence, may be offered, and judgment shall be rendered on the verdict, as in othér cases against trustees. In any such case the debtor may be a competent witness.” In this case, it is urged that though there was a disclosure, and a trial by jury ordered, it was not such a case as that the debtor would be a competent witness, first: because the jury trial was not ordered under this section, the trustee’s costs not being ordered to be paid, but under the 18th section, which gives the right to a jury trial without any order as to costs; and second, because the issue here is not between the creditor and trustee, as seems contemplated by the 28th section, but between the creditor and Farley, who interposes a claim as indorsee of the notes. We have turned our attention to this point, and it seems to us that these circumstances furnish no just ground of distinction between the cases, and that the legislature could “not have intended to make such a difference. In many cases, perhaps ordinarily, the trustee is himself the claimant of the property attempted to be reached by the trustee process, and it is not easy to see why the debtor, regarding him in that character alone, should be made a witness in the case of one claimant, and not in the case of another. The design of the legislature seems to have been, to remove any supposed objection to the principal debtor as a witness, merely on the ground of his position as a party to the suit, in all cases where the title to the property attached is to be tried by a jury. Gibbs, then, should have been admitted as a witness upon the trial. His testimony, however, if not given upon the stand, must be taken in the same mode in which the testimony of other witnesses is required to be taken, and upon notice to the parties to the issue.
[324] As there does not seem to have been any verdict in the case, this opinion is to be certified to the court of common pleas.