NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-0076-19T2
AMIT RAY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
ALPER TORUNOGLU,
Defendant-Appellant. _________________________
Submitted October 28, 2020 - Decided December 4, 2020
Before Judges Geiger and Mitterhoff.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Middlesex County, Docket No. LT-4014-19.
Alper Torunoglu, appellant pro se.
Respondent has not filed a brief.
PER CURIAM
In this landlord-tenant matter arising from an action for non-payment of rent
pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2A:18-61.1(a), defendant Alper Torunoglu appeals pro se from
an order dated June 12, 2019, that (1) required him to post $8000 in unpaid rent with the court; and (2) upheld plaintiff Amit Ray's rent increase. Defendant also appeals
the court's July 24, 2019 denial of his motion for reconsideration. Having reviewed
the record and considering the applicable law, we affirm.
We discern the following facts from the record. Since 2010, defendant has
rented a condominium that is owned and maintained by plaintiff. On July 15, 2016,
the parties executed a written lease that was in effect from July 1, 2016 to June 30,
2017. The monthly rent under the 2016 lease was $2000. On April 5, 2017, plaintiff
sent defendant a "notice of non-renewal of lease" that stated, in pertinent part, that
defendant's current lease "will expire at midnight on June 30th, 2017 and the lease
will not be renewed."
After the expiration of the written lease agreement, defendant continued to
reside on the property as a holdover tenant on a month-to-month basis. After
plaintiff initiated proceedings for eviction, defendant then sent plaintiff a letter,
dated April 25, 2018, detailing several issues with respect to the premises. On
October 10, 2018, Judge J. Randall Corman ordered that defendant deposit unpaid
rent of $6000 into court and scheduled a Marini1 hearing for October 15, 2018.
1 In Marini v. Ireland, the Court afforded residential tenants an additional remedy that permits them to remain in possession of the property, make reasonable repairs, and deduct the cost of the repairs from future rents. 56 N.J. 130, 146 (1970).
A-0076-19T2 2 On October 15, 2018, plaintiff's counsel sent defendant, via certified mail
return receipt requested and regular mail, a notice to quit and a notice of rent increase
pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2A:18-61.1(f).2 The notice advised that effective December 1,
2018, the rent would be increased to $2180, and that failure to pay the increased rent
would constitute grounds for eviction.
On February 6, 2019, plaintiff and defendant entered into a consent judgment
resolving all Marini and increased rent issues. The agreement, which deemed
defendant a month-to-month tenant, required that defendant pay $8000 into court for
unpaid rent. The agreement also required plaintiff to replace the downstairs toilet,
re-grout the upstairs shower, and hire a plumber to inspect the leaks in the upstairs
hallway within thirty days. The agreement maintained the $2000 monthly rent "until
this settlement agreement is over."
On April 27, 2019, plaintiff filed a new verified complaint in Middlesex
County seeking unpaid rent, in the amount of $4360, for both March and April 2019.
The complaint alleged that defendant has habitually failed to pay rent, N.J.S.A.
2A:18-61.1(j).
2 N.J.S.A. 2A:18-61.1(f) establishes that a tenant may be removed if the tenant "has failed to pay rent after a valid notice to quit and notice of increase of said rent, provided the increase in rent is not unconscionable and complies with any and all other laws or municipal ordinances governing rent increases." A-0076-19T2 3 Judge Corman presided over a bench trial on June 12, 2019. Plaintiff testified
that defendant's monthly rent had not been increased since 2014. He averred that
since 2014 there had been increases in real estate taxes, property insurance, and the
condominium fee. Plaintiff also testified that the $180 (or nine percent) increase in
rent did not fully cover the increased costs associated with the property.
On cross-examination, plaintiff acknowledged the consent judgment required
him to look at the leak in the upstairs hallway and admitted that no one has done so.
Plaintiff testified, however, that he told defendant to call a contractor to better
accommodate defendant's schedule and then to have the contractor reach out to
plaintiff about payment. Plaintiff stated that the toilet was replaced, the shower was
re-grouted, and that he expected the same thing to be done with respect to the leak
in the upstairs hallway.
After hearing the testimony and reviewing the record, Judge Corman found
that East Brunswick had not enacted a rent control ordinance, and that there had been
no rent increase for four years. The judge held that, under these circumstances, the
rent increase was not unconscionable.
Judge Corman determined that a Marini hearing was not appropriate because
there was no dispute that a plumber was required to examine the leaks in the upstairs
hallway. The judge ultimately concluded that defendant was to post $8000 for the
A-0076-19T2 4 four months of unpaid rent and, after plaintiff obtained a plumber to examine the
leak in the upstairs hallway, the $8000 would be released to plaintiff and the rent
would increase to $2180.
Defendant subsequently filed a motion for reconsideration, which was denied
on July 24, 2019.
On appeal, defendant raises the following points for our consideration:
POINT I
THE COURT FAILED TO APPLY THE ANTI- REPRISAL LAWS OF THIS STATE, [N.J.S.A.] §§ 2A:42-10.10 – §§ 10.14.
POINT II
THE TRIAL COURT IGNORED A CONTRACT BETWEEN THE PARTIES IN VIOLATION OF LAWS GOVERNING CIVIL CONTRACTS.
POINT III
THE TRIAL COURT FAILED TO AWARD DAMAGES FOR CONTINUED VIOLATIONS OF IMPLIED WARRANTY OF HABITABILITY DURING OR AFTER ITS JUNE 12, 2019 ORDER.
POINT IV
THE TRIAL COURT'S FAILURE TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE [PLAINTIFF-LANDLORD'S] TESTIMONY FOR [HIS] DESIRE TO REMOVE THE DEFENDANT-TENANT FROM THE PROPERTY IS A MISTAKE OF LAW AND BEREFT OF ANY
A-0076-19T2 5 CORRELATION BETWEEN THE RELEVANT FACT AND THE LAW.
POINT V
THE [PLAINTIFF-LANDLORD'S] CONTINUED VIOLATIONS OF THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF HABITABILITY IS A BREACH OF CONTRACT AND BARS [HIM] AS A MATTER OF LAW FROM ANY MODIFICATION TO THE CONTRACT; E.G. RENT INCREASE.
POINT VI
THE RENT INCREASE ATTEMPTED BY THE PLAINTIFF-LANDLORD[] IS MOTIVATED BY [HIS] DESIRE TO PUSH THE DEFENDANT-TENANT OUT OF THE PROPERTY, HENCE THE NOTICE SENT IS AN ACT CARRIED OUT WITH THE INTEN[T] TO CAUSE ANNOYANCE AND HARASSMENT WHICH IS IN VIOLATION OF CIVIL HARASSMENT LAWS OF THIS STATE.
POINT VII THE TRIAL COURT FAILED TO OBTAIN THE NECESSARY PROOFS ABOUT THE [PLAINTIFF- LANDLORD'S] ALLEGED INCREASED EXPENSES FOR THE RENTAL PROPERTY.
We afford a deferential standard of review to the factual findings of the trial
court on appeal from a bench trial. Rova Farms Resort, Inc. v. Inv'rs Ins. Co., 65
N.J. 474, 483-84 (1974). These findings will not be disturbed unless they are "so
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-0076-19T2
AMIT RAY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
ALPER TORUNOGLU,
Defendant-Appellant. _________________________
Submitted October 28, 2020 - Decided December 4, 2020
Before Judges Geiger and Mitterhoff.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Middlesex County, Docket No. LT-4014-19.
Alper Torunoglu, appellant pro se.
Respondent has not filed a brief.
PER CURIAM
In this landlord-tenant matter arising from an action for non-payment of rent
pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2A:18-61.1(a), defendant Alper Torunoglu appeals pro se from
an order dated June 12, 2019, that (1) required him to post $8000 in unpaid rent with the court; and (2) upheld plaintiff Amit Ray's rent increase. Defendant also appeals
the court's July 24, 2019 denial of his motion for reconsideration. Having reviewed
the record and considering the applicable law, we affirm.
We discern the following facts from the record. Since 2010, defendant has
rented a condominium that is owned and maintained by plaintiff. On July 15, 2016,
the parties executed a written lease that was in effect from July 1, 2016 to June 30,
2017. The monthly rent under the 2016 lease was $2000. On April 5, 2017, plaintiff
sent defendant a "notice of non-renewal of lease" that stated, in pertinent part, that
defendant's current lease "will expire at midnight on June 30th, 2017 and the lease
will not be renewed."
After the expiration of the written lease agreement, defendant continued to
reside on the property as a holdover tenant on a month-to-month basis. After
plaintiff initiated proceedings for eviction, defendant then sent plaintiff a letter,
dated April 25, 2018, detailing several issues with respect to the premises. On
October 10, 2018, Judge J. Randall Corman ordered that defendant deposit unpaid
rent of $6000 into court and scheduled a Marini1 hearing for October 15, 2018.
1 In Marini v. Ireland, the Court afforded residential tenants an additional remedy that permits them to remain in possession of the property, make reasonable repairs, and deduct the cost of the repairs from future rents. 56 N.J. 130, 146 (1970).
A-0076-19T2 2 On October 15, 2018, plaintiff's counsel sent defendant, via certified mail
return receipt requested and regular mail, a notice to quit and a notice of rent increase
pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2A:18-61.1(f).2 The notice advised that effective December 1,
2018, the rent would be increased to $2180, and that failure to pay the increased rent
would constitute grounds for eviction.
On February 6, 2019, plaintiff and defendant entered into a consent judgment
resolving all Marini and increased rent issues. The agreement, which deemed
defendant a month-to-month tenant, required that defendant pay $8000 into court for
unpaid rent. The agreement also required plaintiff to replace the downstairs toilet,
re-grout the upstairs shower, and hire a plumber to inspect the leaks in the upstairs
hallway within thirty days. The agreement maintained the $2000 monthly rent "until
this settlement agreement is over."
On April 27, 2019, plaintiff filed a new verified complaint in Middlesex
County seeking unpaid rent, in the amount of $4360, for both March and April 2019.
The complaint alleged that defendant has habitually failed to pay rent, N.J.S.A.
2A:18-61.1(j).
2 N.J.S.A. 2A:18-61.1(f) establishes that a tenant may be removed if the tenant "has failed to pay rent after a valid notice to quit and notice of increase of said rent, provided the increase in rent is not unconscionable and complies with any and all other laws or municipal ordinances governing rent increases." A-0076-19T2 3 Judge Corman presided over a bench trial on June 12, 2019. Plaintiff testified
that defendant's monthly rent had not been increased since 2014. He averred that
since 2014 there had been increases in real estate taxes, property insurance, and the
condominium fee. Plaintiff also testified that the $180 (or nine percent) increase in
rent did not fully cover the increased costs associated with the property.
On cross-examination, plaintiff acknowledged the consent judgment required
him to look at the leak in the upstairs hallway and admitted that no one has done so.
Plaintiff testified, however, that he told defendant to call a contractor to better
accommodate defendant's schedule and then to have the contractor reach out to
plaintiff about payment. Plaintiff stated that the toilet was replaced, the shower was
re-grouted, and that he expected the same thing to be done with respect to the leak
in the upstairs hallway.
After hearing the testimony and reviewing the record, Judge Corman found
that East Brunswick had not enacted a rent control ordinance, and that there had been
no rent increase for four years. The judge held that, under these circumstances, the
rent increase was not unconscionable.
Judge Corman determined that a Marini hearing was not appropriate because
there was no dispute that a plumber was required to examine the leaks in the upstairs
hallway. The judge ultimately concluded that defendant was to post $8000 for the
A-0076-19T2 4 four months of unpaid rent and, after plaintiff obtained a plumber to examine the
leak in the upstairs hallway, the $8000 would be released to plaintiff and the rent
would increase to $2180.
Defendant subsequently filed a motion for reconsideration, which was denied
on July 24, 2019.
On appeal, defendant raises the following points for our consideration:
POINT I
THE COURT FAILED TO APPLY THE ANTI- REPRISAL LAWS OF THIS STATE, [N.J.S.A.] §§ 2A:42-10.10 – §§ 10.14.
POINT II
THE TRIAL COURT IGNORED A CONTRACT BETWEEN THE PARTIES IN VIOLATION OF LAWS GOVERNING CIVIL CONTRACTS.
POINT III
THE TRIAL COURT FAILED TO AWARD DAMAGES FOR CONTINUED VIOLATIONS OF IMPLIED WARRANTY OF HABITABILITY DURING OR AFTER ITS JUNE 12, 2019 ORDER.
POINT IV
THE TRIAL COURT'S FAILURE TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE [PLAINTIFF-LANDLORD'S] TESTIMONY FOR [HIS] DESIRE TO REMOVE THE DEFENDANT-TENANT FROM THE PROPERTY IS A MISTAKE OF LAW AND BEREFT OF ANY
A-0076-19T2 5 CORRELATION BETWEEN THE RELEVANT FACT AND THE LAW.
POINT V
THE [PLAINTIFF-LANDLORD'S] CONTINUED VIOLATIONS OF THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF HABITABILITY IS A BREACH OF CONTRACT AND BARS [HIM] AS A MATTER OF LAW FROM ANY MODIFICATION TO THE CONTRACT; E.G. RENT INCREASE.
POINT VI
THE RENT INCREASE ATTEMPTED BY THE PLAINTIFF-LANDLORD[] IS MOTIVATED BY [HIS] DESIRE TO PUSH THE DEFENDANT-TENANT OUT OF THE PROPERTY, HENCE THE NOTICE SENT IS AN ACT CARRIED OUT WITH THE INTEN[T] TO CAUSE ANNOYANCE AND HARASSMENT WHICH IS IN VIOLATION OF CIVIL HARASSMENT LAWS OF THIS STATE.
POINT VII THE TRIAL COURT FAILED TO OBTAIN THE NECESSARY PROOFS ABOUT THE [PLAINTIFF- LANDLORD'S] ALLEGED INCREASED EXPENSES FOR THE RENTAL PROPERTY.
We afford a deferential standard of review to the factual findings of the trial
court on appeal from a bench trial. Rova Farms Resort, Inc. v. Inv'rs Ins. Co., 65
N.J. 474, 483-84 (1974). These findings will not be disturbed unless they are "so
manifestly unsupported by or inconsistent with the competent, relevant and
reasonably credible evidence as to offend the interests of justice." Id. at 484 (quoting
A-0076-19T2 6 Fagliarone v. Twp. of N. Bergen, 78 N.J. Super. 154, 155 (App. Div. 1963)). Our
review of a trial court's legal determinations is plenary. D'Agostino v. Maldonado,
216 N.J. 168, 182 (2013) (citing Manalapan Realty, L.P. v. Twp. Comm. of
Manalapan, 140 N.J. 366, 378 (1995)).
At the outset, we reject defendant's arguments pertaining to the alleged breach
of the implied warranty of habitability. That issue was resolved, on February 6,
2019, when the parties voluntarily executed the consent judgment. See Midland
Funding, L.L.C. v. Giambanco, 422 N.J. Super. 301, 310 (App. Div.
2011) (characterizing a consent judgment as "both a contract and a judgment[;] it is
not strictly a judicial decree, but rather in the nature of a contract entered into with
the solemn sanction of the court") (alteration in original) (quoting Stonehurst at
Freehold v. Twp. Comm. of Freehold, 139 N.J. Super. 311, 313 (Law Div. 1976)).
We agree with the trial judge that a Marini hearing was not warranted under these
circumstances because there was no dispute that plaintiff, pursuant to the consent
judgment, was still required to obtain a plumber to examine the leaks in the upstairs
hallway. To the extent defendant claims that the third condition of the consent
judgment remains unfulfilled, he is free to file a motion to enforce that condition of
the settlement with the trial court.
A-0076-19T2 7 We also reject defendant's argument that the trial judge erred in concluding
that the rent increase was not unconscionable.
In determining what qualifies as "unconscionable," trial courts generally
consider:
(1) the amount of the proposed rent increase; (2) the landlord's expenses and profitability; (3) how the existing and proposed rents compare to rents charged at similar rental properties in the geographic area; (4) the relative bargaining position of the parties; and (5) based on the judge's general knowledge, whether the rent increase would 'shock the conscience of a reasonable person.'
[Fromet Properties, Inc. v. Buel, 294 N.J. Super. 601, 614 (App. Div. 1996).]
In Fromet Properties, we emphasized that there "may be other factors which, on a
case-by-case basis, a court may consider, and therefore this enumeration shall not be
deemed exhaustive." Ibid.
In this case, Judge Corman's conclusion that the $180 rent increase was not
unconscionable is amply supported by plaintiff's testimony that since 2014 there
have been increases in real estate taxes, property insurance, and condominium fees.
Plaintiff testified that the $180 increase did not completely cover these increased
costs. Plaintiff also testified that the monthly rent was $2000 since 2014, almost
four years. That there had been no increase in rent for the previous four years was
an appropriate factor for the judge to consider in supporting his conclusion that the
A-0076-19T2 8 modest rent increase was conscionable. See Fromet Properties, Inc., 294 N.J. Super.
at 615 ("although the increase in rent here was 28%, this fact is mitigated by the
absence of any rent increase during the prior three-year period."). Accordingly, we
affirm the trial judge's ruling that the rent increase was conscionable under these
circumstances.
To the extent that we have not addressed defendant's remaining arguments,
we conclude that they lack sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written opinion.
R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
Affirmed.
A-0076-19T2 9