j STATE OF MAINE SUPERIOR COURT CUMBERLAND, ss. CIVIL ACTION DOCKET NO: CV-97-}44 Rh C - ': \A. ~~\ _.~i;"I;,.! ,i ;:-~{)i.) /-.~'
AMICA MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY,
Plaintiffs, ORDER ON PLAINTIFF'S v. MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT PURSUANT TO LINDA MARIO, Personal Representative M.R. CIV. P. 56 Of the Estate of Edith Pecci, STATE Of M.t,!NE , '. ·1·',' Office AND cumberlano. ss. (,\., ,t.l~." SUPERIOF~. COURT LAWRENCE PECCI, SEP :.: 1 2007 Defendants. RECE\VED This case comes before the Court on Plaintiff Arnica Mutual Insurance
CO.'s Motion for Summary Judgment pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 56.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND The case arises from a request by Plaintiff Arnica Mutual Insurance Co.
("Arnica") for a declaratory judgment against Defendant Estate of Edith Pecci l
(the "Estate") regarding a Wrongful Death and Survival Action pursuant to 18-A
M.R.S.A. §§ 2-804(a) and 3-817 (the "Wrongful Death Action"). The Estate is
represented by Esther Pecci's adult daughter Linda Mario.
The facts in this case are largely undisputed. On May 14,2005,
Esther Pecci ("Mrs. Pecci") died as the result of injuries sustained in an
automobile collision? Mrs. Pecci was a front seat passenger in a car
1 The original complaint got Mrs. Pecci's name wrong. Her name is Esther, not Edith, thus the case name is incorrect. Defendant needs to file a motion to correct the case name. 2 There is some discrepancy between Arnica's and the Estate's statement of material facts regarding the actual time of death, but the discrepancy is not material.
1 driven by her husband, Lawrence Pecci ("Mr. Pecci"). The sole cause of
the accident was Mr. Pecci's negligence. Mrs. Pecci was not negligent. At
the time of the accident Mr. Pecci carried an automobile liability policy
with Arnica. Mr. and Mrs. Pecci have no minor children.
The Estate has filed the Wrongful Death Action in Sagadahoc
County against Mr. Pecci. Because the Pecci children are adult, Mr. Pecci
is the sole statutory beneficiary of Mrs. Pecci's estate under 18-A M.R.S.A.
§ 2-804.
On March 14, 2007, Arnica filed this Complaint seeking a
declaratory judgment that the Estate be prohibited from bringing the
Wrongful Death Action because the sole person entitled to benefit under
the statute from the Action is Mr. Pecci, as Mrs. Pecci's surviving spouse.
Arnica contends that an action for wrongful death is barred if the sole
person entitled to benefit from recovery is also the sole person liable to
pay damages in the Action. That, in essence, Mr. Pecci has brought a suit
against himself.
This is a matter of first impression in Maine.
DISCUSSION
1. Summary Iudgment Standard.
Summary judgment is proper where there exist no genuine issues of
material fact such that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of
law. M.R. Civ. P. 56(c); see also Levine v. R.B.K. Caly Corp., 2001 ME 77, en: 4, 770
A.2d 653, 655. A genuine issue is raised "when sufficient evidence requires a
fact-finder to choose between competing versions of the truth at trial." Parrish v.
Wright, 2003 ME 90, en: 8, 828 A.2d 778, 781. A material fact is a fact that has lithe
2 potential to affect the outcome of the suit." Burdzel v. Sobus, 2000 ME 84,
A.2d 573,575. "If material facts are disputed, the dispute must be resolved
through fact-finding." Curtis v. Porter, 2001 ME 158, err 7, 784 A.2d 18, 22. When
a defendant seeks summary judgment, a "plaintiff must establish a prima facie
case for each element of her cause of action." Champagne v. Mid-Maine Med. Ctr.,
1998 ME 87,
light most favorable to the nonmoving party." Lightfoot v. Sch. Admin. Dist. No.
35, 2003 ME 24, err 6, 816 A.2d 63, 65.
Because there are no material facts at issue in this case, summary
judgment is appropriate. See Inkel v. Livingston, 2005 ME 42,
747.
2. Should the Estate be Barred From Bringing a Wrongful Death
Action Which Would Solely Benefit The Negligent Surviving
Spouse?
Thus the question before the court is, as a matter of law, can a wrongful
death action pursuant to 18-A M.R.S.A. § 2-804 be brought by an estate, if the
sole beneficiary under the statute negligently caused the death of the decedent.
The Law Court has not considered this issue.
The statute reads, in pertinent part:
"[T]he amount recovered in every such action, except as otherwise provided, is for the exclusive benefit of the surviving spouse if no minor children, ... and to the deceased's heirs to be distributed as provided in section 2-106 if there is neither surviving spouse nor minor children. The jury may give such damages as it determines a fair and just compensation with reference to the pecuniary injuries resulting from the death to the persons for whose benefit the action is brought and in addition shall give such damages as will compensate the estate of the deceased person for reasonable expenses of medical, surgical and hospital care and treatment and for reasonable funeral expenses....
3 18-A M.R.S. § 2-804 (2007) (emphasis added).
Arnica asserts that public policy prohibits an insured from benefiting from
his own negligence. Arnica relies on the majority view which states that "[t]he
great weight and trend of the well-considered modern cases, however, is to
disallow recovery to a guilty sole beneficiary, ... " 2 A.L.R.2d 785, 3 (2006 West)
Because Maine has not dealt with this specific issue, Arnica cites to other
jurisdictions.
Representative of the majority view is the Supreme Court of North
Carolina's consideration of a similar case where a husband sought to recover for
the death of his wife (caused solely by the husband's negligence) under a
wrongful death statute. Davenport v. Patrick, 44 S.E.2d 203, 204 (N.C. 1947). That
Court held that public policy would "not pennit a wrong-doer to enrich himself
as a result of his own misconduct. [d. at 205. See also Tanski v. Tanski, 820 P.2d
1143 (Colo. App. 1991) (A Colorado Court dismissed a husband's wrongful death
action where the wife's death was caused by his negligent driving.)
In contrast the Estate construes Maine case law to lead the Court to the
minority view. Representative of the minority view is the Supreme Court of
New York, which held that public policy is fluid, "particularly in relation to the
right of actions as between members of the same family." Rozewski v. Rozewski 46
N.Y.s.2d 743, 745 (1944). That court considered similar facts (sole beneficiary
seeking damages which occurred wholly because of his own negligence) and
concluded that insurance exists to protect against such losses. [d. See also
Strickland v. Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co., 194 So. 2d 69,70 (Fla. App. 1967)
(Holding that a husband should not be barred recovery for his wife's death
4 under a wrongful death statute unless he intentionally caused her death)
(emphasis added).
The Estate relies on Maine case law prior to 1924 allowing recovery under
a predecessor wrongful death statute. See e.g. Danforth v. Danforth, 124 Me. 156
(1924); McKay v. New England Dredging Co., 92 Me.
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j STATE OF MAINE SUPERIOR COURT CUMBERLAND, ss. CIVIL ACTION DOCKET NO: CV-97-}44 Rh C - ': \A. ~~\ _.~i;"I;,.! ,i ;:-~{)i.) /-.~'
AMICA MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY,
Plaintiffs, ORDER ON PLAINTIFF'S v. MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT PURSUANT TO LINDA MARIO, Personal Representative M.R. CIV. P. 56 Of the Estate of Edith Pecci, STATE Of M.t,!NE , '. ·1·',' Office AND cumberlano. ss. (,\., ,t.l~." SUPERIOF~. COURT LAWRENCE PECCI, SEP :.: 1 2007 Defendants. RECE\VED This case comes before the Court on Plaintiff Arnica Mutual Insurance
CO.'s Motion for Summary Judgment pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 56.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND The case arises from a request by Plaintiff Arnica Mutual Insurance Co.
("Arnica") for a declaratory judgment against Defendant Estate of Edith Pecci l
(the "Estate") regarding a Wrongful Death and Survival Action pursuant to 18-A
M.R.S.A. §§ 2-804(a) and 3-817 (the "Wrongful Death Action"). The Estate is
represented by Esther Pecci's adult daughter Linda Mario.
The facts in this case are largely undisputed. On May 14,2005,
Esther Pecci ("Mrs. Pecci") died as the result of injuries sustained in an
automobile collision? Mrs. Pecci was a front seat passenger in a car
1 The original complaint got Mrs. Pecci's name wrong. Her name is Esther, not Edith, thus the case name is incorrect. Defendant needs to file a motion to correct the case name. 2 There is some discrepancy between Arnica's and the Estate's statement of material facts regarding the actual time of death, but the discrepancy is not material.
1 driven by her husband, Lawrence Pecci ("Mr. Pecci"). The sole cause of
the accident was Mr. Pecci's negligence. Mrs. Pecci was not negligent. At
the time of the accident Mr. Pecci carried an automobile liability policy
with Arnica. Mr. and Mrs. Pecci have no minor children.
The Estate has filed the Wrongful Death Action in Sagadahoc
County against Mr. Pecci. Because the Pecci children are adult, Mr. Pecci
is the sole statutory beneficiary of Mrs. Pecci's estate under 18-A M.R.S.A.
§ 2-804.
On March 14, 2007, Arnica filed this Complaint seeking a
declaratory judgment that the Estate be prohibited from bringing the
Wrongful Death Action because the sole person entitled to benefit under
the statute from the Action is Mr. Pecci, as Mrs. Pecci's surviving spouse.
Arnica contends that an action for wrongful death is barred if the sole
person entitled to benefit from recovery is also the sole person liable to
pay damages in the Action. That, in essence, Mr. Pecci has brought a suit
against himself.
This is a matter of first impression in Maine.
DISCUSSION
1. Summary Iudgment Standard.
Summary judgment is proper where there exist no genuine issues of
material fact such that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of
law. M.R. Civ. P. 56(c); see also Levine v. R.B.K. Caly Corp., 2001 ME 77, en: 4, 770
A.2d 653, 655. A genuine issue is raised "when sufficient evidence requires a
fact-finder to choose between competing versions of the truth at trial." Parrish v.
Wright, 2003 ME 90, en: 8, 828 A.2d 778, 781. A material fact is a fact that has lithe
2 potential to affect the outcome of the suit." Burdzel v. Sobus, 2000 ME 84,
A.2d 573,575. "If material facts are disputed, the dispute must be resolved
through fact-finding." Curtis v. Porter, 2001 ME 158, err 7, 784 A.2d 18, 22. When
a defendant seeks summary judgment, a "plaintiff must establish a prima facie
case for each element of her cause of action." Champagne v. Mid-Maine Med. Ctr.,
1998 ME 87,
light most favorable to the nonmoving party." Lightfoot v. Sch. Admin. Dist. No.
35, 2003 ME 24, err 6, 816 A.2d 63, 65.
Because there are no material facts at issue in this case, summary
judgment is appropriate. See Inkel v. Livingston, 2005 ME 42,
747.
2. Should the Estate be Barred From Bringing a Wrongful Death
Action Which Would Solely Benefit The Negligent Surviving
Spouse?
Thus the question before the court is, as a matter of law, can a wrongful
death action pursuant to 18-A M.R.S.A. § 2-804 be brought by an estate, if the
sole beneficiary under the statute negligently caused the death of the decedent.
The Law Court has not considered this issue.
The statute reads, in pertinent part:
"[T]he amount recovered in every such action, except as otherwise provided, is for the exclusive benefit of the surviving spouse if no minor children, ... and to the deceased's heirs to be distributed as provided in section 2-106 if there is neither surviving spouse nor minor children. The jury may give such damages as it determines a fair and just compensation with reference to the pecuniary injuries resulting from the death to the persons for whose benefit the action is brought and in addition shall give such damages as will compensate the estate of the deceased person for reasonable expenses of medical, surgical and hospital care and treatment and for reasonable funeral expenses....
3 18-A M.R.S. § 2-804 (2007) (emphasis added).
Arnica asserts that public policy prohibits an insured from benefiting from
his own negligence. Arnica relies on the majority view which states that "[t]he
great weight and trend of the well-considered modern cases, however, is to
disallow recovery to a guilty sole beneficiary, ... " 2 A.L.R.2d 785, 3 (2006 West)
Because Maine has not dealt with this specific issue, Arnica cites to other
jurisdictions.
Representative of the majority view is the Supreme Court of North
Carolina's consideration of a similar case where a husband sought to recover for
the death of his wife (caused solely by the husband's negligence) under a
wrongful death statute. Davenport v. Patrick, 44 S.E.2d 203, 204 (N.C. 1947). That
Court held that public policy would "not pennit a wrong-doer to enrich himself
as a result of his own misconduct. [d. at 205. See also Tanski v. Tanski, 820 P.2d
1143 (Colo. App. 1991) (A Colorado Court dismissed a husband's wrongful death
action where the wife's death was caused by his negligent driving.)
In contrast the Estate construes Maine case law to lead the Court to the
minority view. Representative of the minority view is the Supreme Court of
New York, which held that public policy is fluid, "particularly in relation to the
right of actions as between members of the same family." Rozewski v. Rozewski 46
N.Y.s.2d 743, 745 (1944). That court considered similar facts (sole beneficiary
seeking damages which occurred wholly because of his own negligence) and
concluded that insurance exists to protect against such losses. [d. See also
Strickland v. Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co., 194 So. 2d 69,70 (Fla. App. 1967)
(Holding that a husband should not be barred recovery for his wife's death
4 under a wrongful death statute unless he intentionally caused her death)
(emphasis added).
The Estate relies on Maine case law prior to 1924 allowing recovery under
a predecessor wrongful death statute. See e.g. Danforth v. Danforth, 124 Me. 156
(1924); McKay v. New England Dredging Co., 92 Me. 454 (1899); Perkins v. Oxford
Paper Co., 104 Me. 109 (1908). In none of these cases, however, was the
negligence of the sole beneficiary at issue. See id. Indeed, the Law Court has
specifically left that question open for decision and has "intimate[d] no opinion
upon, the question of the effect of contributory negligence of a sole beneficiary
upon a maintenance of an action under the statute, for the benefit of such sole
beneficiary." Quoting Danforth, 124 Me. at 158.
That question is now before the Court. The law is clear that a wrongful
death action exists for the '" exclusive benefit" not of the estate, but of the
statutorily determined beneficiaries. McKay, 92 Me. at 458; see also Danforth, 124
Me. at 159. Both of these cases, however, predate the 1939 and 1943 amendments
to the statute specifically "adding language authorizing reimbursement [to the
estate] for medical and funeral expenses." Jack H. Simmons, Donald N. Zillman
& David D. Gregory, Maine Tort Law, § 19.06 684 (1999).
Thus there exists the possibility of a determination that, while Mr. Pecci
may not recover, the estate may recover to the extent of medical and funeral
expenses. The Law Court has held that the estate is or may be entitled to II
medical, surgical, hospital, and funeral expenses under ... [the] Death Act[]."
Buzynski v. County of Knox, 188 A.2d 270, 273 (Me. 1963). In that case the
administratrix of an estate brought two separate actions, one on behalf of the
beneficiaries and one on behalf of the estate for expenses. Id. at 271. The
5 Buzynski Court considered recovery to the beneficiaries and recovery to the estate
separately under the statute. [d. at 274.
This Court is persuaded by the majority view that recovery for the benefit
of the sole beneficiary would be contrary to public policy because and individual
would be recovering for his own negligence. However, separate recovery for
medical, surgical, hospital care and funeral expenses is available under the
statute.
The entry is:
Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment is GRAN D to the extent that it benefits the surviving spouse, Mr. Pecci and DENIED e extent that the Estate may recover for reasonable medical and funeral e ses.
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