Amezcua-Vazquez v. Garland

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: September 23, 2024
• Docket: 23-1385
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS SEP 23 2024 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

FRANCISCO RAFAEL AMEZCUA- No. 23-1385 VAZQUEZ, Agency No. A087-967-851 Petitioner,

v. MEMORANDUM*

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted September 10, 2024** Phoenix, Arizona

Before: RAWLINSON and COLLINS, Circuit Judges, and FITZWATER, District Judge.***

Francisco Rafael Amezcua-Vazquez (Amezcua-Vazquez), a native and

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Sidney A. Fitzwater, United States District Judge for the Northern District of Texas, sitting by designation. citizen of Mexico, petitions for review of a decision of the Board of Immigration

Appeals (BIA) denying his application for withholding of removal. We have

jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny the petition for review.

“We examine the BIA’s legal conclusions de novo and its factual findings

for substantial evidence. . . .” Garcia v. Wilkinson, 988 F.3d 1136, 1142 (9th Cir.

2021) (citation, footnote reference, and internal quotation marks omitted). “We

may only reverse the agency’s determination where the evidence compels a

contrary conclusion from that adopted by the BIA. . . .” Id. (citation and internal

quotation marks omitted). “Because a persecutor’s actual motive is a matter of

fact, we review that finding for substantial evidence.” Rodriguez-Zuniga v.

Garland, 69 F.4th 1012, 1018 (9th Cir. 2023) (citation omitted).

Substantial evidence supports the agency’s denial of withholding of removal

because Amezcua-Vazquez did not demonstrate a nexus between the harm he

experienced in Mexico and his membership in a proposed particular social group

comprised “of the Amezcua family.” During his removal proceedings, Amezcua-

Vazquez testified that he was abducted and beaten by cartel members on two or

three occasions, and that his father was kidnapped and murdered by cartel

members. Amezcua-Vazquez also related that his uncle was kidnapped by cartel

members and then released after payment of a ransom. However, Amezcua-

Vazquez did not provide evidence or testimony that cartel members “specifically

2 23-1385 sought out” Amezcua-Vazquez, his father, or his uncle on account of their familial

association. Garcia, 988 F.3d at 1145 (citation omitted); see also Rodriguez-

Zuniga, 69 F.4th at 1019 (explaining that the murder of a family member does not

necessarily “compel any conclusion about” the persecutor’s motives) (citation

omitted). Thus, the BIA properly denied Amezcua-Vazquez’s withholding of

removal claim. See Riera-Riera v. Lynch, 841 F.3d 1077, 1081 (9th Cir. 2016)

(explaining that “[t]he lack of a nexus to a protected ground is dispositive of . . .

withholding of removal claims”) (citation omitted).1

PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.

1 Amezcua-Vazquez also maintained before the agency that he was a member of particular social groups comprised of “Mexican taxi drivers who have been subject[ed] to violence by cartel members and former Mexican taxi drivers.” Amezcua-Vazquez does not challenge in his opening brief the BIA’s denial of withholding of removal due to Amezcua-Vazquez’s failure to establish a nexus between his employment as a taxi driver and the harm that he and his family experienced. As a result, Amezcua-Vazquez has waived any arguments relating to his proposed particular social groups comprised of taxicab drivers. See Gutierrez- Alm v. Garland, 62 F.4th 1186, 1200 (9th Cir. 2023).

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