Amaya v. Southwest Auto Sales & Finance LLC

• Court: District Court, D. Arizona
• Decided: September 12, 2025
• Docket: 2:25-cv-02180
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA

9 Francisco Lopez Amaya, No. CV-25-02180-PHX-JAT

10 Plaintiff, ORDER

11 v.

12 Southwest Auto Sales & Finance LLC, et al.,

13 Defendants.

14 15 Pending before the Court is Defendant Pacific Financial Auto, LLC’s (“Pacific 16 Financial”) Motion to Dismiss (Doc. 12), and Plaintiff Francisco Lopez Amaya’s Motion 17 to Strike the Motion to Dismiss. (Doc. 13). Pacific Financial did not respond to Plaintiff’s 18 Motion to Strike. Plaintiff also moved for alternative service on multiple defendants. (Doc. 19 14). The Court now rules. 20 I. Background 21 Plaintiff worked as a mechanic for Downtown Motors, an automobile dealership in 22 Phoenix, from March 2025 to June 2025. (Doc. 1 at 4, 8). He alleges that the following 23 people and entities own Downtown Motors and employed him: Pacific Financial, 24 Southwest Auto Sales & Finance LLC (“Southwest Auto”), Jose G. Lopez Verdin and Jane 25 Doe Verdin (“the Verdins”), and Fabian A. Vazquez Velo and Jane Doe Velo (“the 26 Velos”), (collectively “Defendants”). (Doc. 1 at 4–6). Jose Verdin is Southwest Auto’s 27 statutory agent. (Doc. 14-2 at 2). Fabian Velo is Pacific Financial’s statutory agent.1 (Doc.

28 1 The Arizona Corporation Commission lists “Fabian Vasquez” as Pacific Financial’s statutory agent, but Plaintiff’s complaint and the motion to dismiss refer to this defendant 1 14-3 at 2). Plaintiff sued Defendants for failure to pay him for his final two weeks of work. 2 (Doc. 1 at 9). Plaintiff alleges that he worked 144 hours “without being paid any wage 3 whatsoever.” (Doc. 1 at 8–9). He alleges that Defendants’ conduct violated the Fair Labor 4 Standards Act (“FLSA”), 29 U.S.C. § 201, et seq., and several Arizona statutes, A.R.S. §§ 5 23-362, et seq., -350, et seq. (Doc. 1 at 2). 6 II. Motion to Dismiss and Motion to Strike 7 Pacific Financial, “by and through its manager and agent, Fabian A. Vazquez Velo” 8 moved to dismiss, claiming that Plaintiff had mistakenly named the wrong business entity 9 and that Pacific Financial “has no connection to the subject matter of this lawsuit.” (Doc. 10 12 at 1). Plaintiff then moved to strike the motion because Pacific Financial was not 11 represented by counsel. (Doc. 13 at 2–3). 12 The Court agrees with Plaintiff that Pacific Financial must be represented by 13 counsel. Rowland v. California Men’s Colony, Unit II Men’s Advisory Council, 506 U.S. 14 194, 201–02 (1993) (“It has been the law for the better part of two centuries . . . that a 15 corporation may appear in the federal courts only through licensed counsel.); Republic 16 Servs. Procurement Inc. v. Weston and Assocs. LLC, No. CV-24-01287-PHX-JJT, 2024 17 WL 5362687, at *1 (D. Ariz. Nov. 1, 2024) (citing Rowland and finding an LLC defendant 18 “may not proceed or appear in this Court without counsel”). Because Pacific Financial 19 failed to retain counsel, the motion to dismiss was improper. Accordingly, the Court will 20 grant Plaintiff’s motion to strike the motion to dismiss. 21 III. Motion for Alternative Service 22 After filing his complaint on June 24, 2025, (Doc. 1), Plaintiff made several attempts 23 to serve Defendants. On July 8, 2025, a process server, Mark Hepp (“Hepp”), successfully 24 served the Velos at their residential address. (Doc. 14-1 at 3). Hepp delivered the complaint 25 and summons to Mrs. Velo, who identified herself as Fabian Velo’s wife, but refused to 26 provide her name. (Doc. 14-1 at 3). She stated that her husband was not home. (Doc. 14-1 27 at 3). Hepp explained that he also had a summons for Pacific Financial, but that he could

28 as “Fabian A. Vazquez Velo.” The Court refers to this defendant as “Mr. Velo” throughout the Order. 1 only serve Mr. Velo, Pacific Financial’s sole statutory agent, unless he authorized another 2 person to accept the summons on his behalf. Hepp asked if Mrs. Velo could call her 3 husband and receive authorization to accept service, but she declined. (Doc. 14-1 at 3). 4 Two days after serving Mrs. Velo, Hepp returned to the Velos’ home and attempted service, 5 but was unsuccessful. (Doc. 14-1 at 3). Plaintiff now requests an Order authorizing 6 alternative service to Pacific Financial at Mr. Velo’s residential address via “regular U.S. 7 Mail and Certified U.S. Mail.” (Doc. 14 at 2). 8 Plaintiff attempted to serve Southwest Auto and the Verdins (the “Southwest Auto 9 Defendants”) four times. The first two attempts were made at Southwest Auto’s business 10 address, and both times, an employee informed Hepp that Mr. Verdin was rarely at the 11 dealership. (Doc. 14-2 at 2). During the second attempt, Hepp gave his contact information 12 to the employee. (Doc. 14-2 at 2). Shortly after Hepp left the dealership, he received a call 13 from Mr. Verdin. (Doc. 14-2 at 3). Hepp identified himself and explained why he needed 14 to serve Mr. Verdin, but Mr. Verdin refused to share when he would be at the dealership 15 to receive service and told Hepp he could “leave [the summons and complaint] when he 16 was not [at the dealership].” (Doc. 14-2 at 3). Two days after the second attempt and phone 17 call, Hepp texted the number Mr. Verdin had called him from—Hepp again explained the 18 need to effectuate service and asked for his availability to coordinate service. (Doc. 14-2 19 at 3). Mr. Verdin never responded. (Doc. 14-2 at 3). Hepp’s third attempt at service was 20 made at the address listed on the Arizona Corporation Commission’s website for Southwest 21 Auto’s statutory agent. (Doc. 14-2 at 3). An employee at that location stated that they did 22 not know the Verdins. (Doc. 14-2 at 3). Hepp returned to Southwest Auto’s business 23 address and attempted service for the fourth time (the third time at that location), which 24 was unsuccessful. (Doc. 14-2 at 3). Plaintiff now seeks authorization to serve the 25 Southwest Auto Defendants at Southwest Auto’s statutory agent’s address via “regular 26 U.S. Mail and Certified U.S. Mail.” (Doc. 14 at 4, 7). 27 A. Legal Standard 28 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure (“Federal Rule”) 4(e)(1) allows summons to be 1 served on an individual in a manner that follows “state law for serving a summons in an 2 action brought in courts of general jurisdiction in the state where the district court is located 3 or where service is made.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(e)(1). Arizona Rule of Civil Procedure 4 (“Arizona Rule”) 4.1(k) provides procedures for “alternative means of service.” Ariz. R. 5 Civ. P. 4.1(k). Under this rule, “[i]f a party shows that the means of service provided in 6 Rule 4.1(c) through Rule 4.1(j) are impracticable, the court may—on motion and without 7 notice to the person to be served—order that service may be accomplished in another 8 manner.” Id. 4.1(k)(1). “If the court allows an alternative means of service, the serving 9 party must make a reasonable effort to provide the person being served with actual notice 10 of the action’s commencement” and “must mail the summons, the pleading being served, 11 and any court order authorizing an alternative means of service to the last-known business 12 or residential address of the person being served.” Id. 4.1(k)(2). 13 The standard for impracticability under Arizona Rule 4.1(k) “requires something 14 less than the ‘due diligence’ showing required before service by publication may be 15 utilized,” and “something less than a complete inability to serve the defendant because the 16 defendant’s current address is unknown or the defendant completely has avoided service 17 of process.” Blair v. Burgener, 245 P.3d 898, 903–04 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2010). In the context 18 of Arizona Rule 4.1(k), “impracticable” simply means that the traditional means of service 19 have proven to be “extremely difficult or inconvenient.” Id. at 903. 20 If alternative service of process is appropriate, any proposed alternative method of 21 service must comport with constitutional notions of due process. Rio Props., Inc. v. Rio 22 Int’l Interlink, 284 F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2002). To meet such a requirement, the 23 alternative method of service “must be ‘reasonably calculated under all the circumstances, 24 to apprise the interested parties of the pendency of the action and afford them an 25 opportunity to present their objections.’” Id. at 1016–17 (quoting Mullane v. Cent. Hanover 26 Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 314 (1950)); see also Ruffino v. Lokosky, 425 P.3d 1108, 27 1113 ¶ 16 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2018) (due process requires that the method of service be “the 28 best means practicable” to provide notice to the interested party). 1 B. Analysis 2 Plaintiff argues he has met his burden to show that traditional personal service is 3 impracticable because “Hepp made at least three attempts at each address for Defendants” 4 but was unable to effectuate service. (Doc. 14 at 6). Plaintiff further argues that the 5 proposed method of alternative service comports with due process because “Defendants 6 are either aware of the pending Complaint against them or have constructive knowledge of 7 it.” (Doc. 14 at 7). The Court next addresses: (1) whether traditional service is 8 impracticable, and, if so, (2) whether the proposed method of alternative service comports 9 with due process. 10 i. Pacific Financial Auto LLC 11 Plaintiff has made the requisite showing to justify alternative service on Pacific 12 Financial. The report from Plaintiff’s process server, Mark Hepp, reflects three attempts to 13 serve Pacific Financial at two different locations. On July 4, 2025, Hepp first attempted 14 service at the listed statutory agent address, but there was no answer. (Doc. 14-1 at 2). Hepp 15 located a more current address (the “Glendale address”), and attempted service there on 16 July 8, 2025. (Doc. 14-1 at 3). During this attempt, the Hepp successfully served the Velos 17 by delivering the complaint and summons to Mrs. Velo. (Doc. 14-1 at 3). However, Mr. 18 Velo was not there to accept service on Pacific Financial’s behalf. (Doc. 14-1 at 3). Hepp 19 emphasized the importance of Mr. Velo coordinating a time to serve Pacific Financial and 20 gave his business card to Mrs. Velo. (Doc. 14-1 at 3). On July 10, 2025, Hepp returned to 21 the Glendale address to attempt service for the third time. (Doc. 14-1 at 3). A red Jeep was 22 parked in the driveway. (Doc. 14-1 at 3). Hepp rang the doorbell and knocked multiple 23 times, but no one answered. (Doc. 14-1 at 3). It appears to the Court that although someone 24 was home during this third attempt, no one was willing to answer to door to accept service. 25 And, despite Hepp passing along his business card to Mrs. Velo and impressing upon her 26 the need to serve Pacific Financial, Mr. Velo never attempted to coordinate service. (Doc. 27 14-1 at 3). 28 Given the three service attempts and Mr. Velo’s apparent evasion of service, the 1 Court finds the “impracticable” requirement of Arizona Rule 4.1(k) is satisfied. Ariz. R. 2 Civ. P. 4.1(k); see also Einstein Assocs. LLC v. DAP Indus. LLC, No. CV-20-02184-PHX- 3 JAT, 2021 WL 2483576, at *1 (D. Ariz. Feb. 11, 2021) (finding service impracticable when 4 plaintiff attempted to serve Defendant’s statutory agent three times at three different 5 addresses); Sobh v. Phoenix Graphix Inc., No. CV-18-04073-PHX-DWL, 2019 WL 6 8326075, at *2 (D. Ariz. Jan. 10, 2019) (noting that, although plaintiff had not undertaken 7 “great effort” to personally serve the defendants, “great effort” “is not the standard for 8 impracticability”). 9 Because alternative service of process is appropriate, the Court must determine 10 whether Plaintiff’s proposed method of alternative service comports with due process. Rio 11 Props., Inc., 284 F.3d at 1016; Ruffino, 425 P.3d at 1113 ¶ 16. Plaintiff proposes serving 12 Pacific Financial’s statutory agent at his residential address by U.S. mail and certified mail. 13 (Doc. 14 at 5). The Court is confident that this proposed method of service will apprise Mr. 14 Velo of the pending action, Rio Props., Inc., 284 F.3d at 1016; Ruffino, 425 P.3d at 1113 ¶ 15 16, because his wife was personally served at this location. Indeed, service is a mere 16 formality at this point because it is clear Mr. Velo is aware of the present action. Appearing 17 pro se, he filed a motion to dismiss on Pacific Financial’s behalf, which the Court addressed 18 previously in this Order. Because Mr. Velo’s filing on behalf of Pacific Financial is being 19 stricken for being improperly filed, it does not waive or moot the need for service on Pacific 20 Financial.

21 ii. The Southwest Auto Defendants 22 Plaintiff has made the requisite showing to justify alternative service on the 23 Southwest Auto Defendants. Plaintiff’s process server’s report reflects four attempts to 24 effect service. The first two times that Hepp attempted service at Southwest Auto’s 25 business address, Mr. Verdin was not there. (Doc. 14-2 at 2). After the second attempt, a 26 Southwest Auto employee provided Mr. Verdin with Hepp’s contact information. (Doc. 27 14-2 at 2–3). Mr. Verdin subsequently called Hepp, who identified himself, explained the 28 need to serve Mr. Verdin, and attempted to coordinate a time for service. (Doc. 14-2 at 3). 1 Mr. Verdin refused to cooperate and advised Hepp that he could simply leave the 2 documents at the dealership without his presence. (Doc. 14-2 at 2). Two days after the call, 3 Hepp attempted to reach Mr. Verdin via text message (using the same number he originally 4 called from), but received no answer. (Doc. 14-2 at 3). Finally, on July 18, 2025, Hepp 5 attempted service at both Southwest Auto’s statutory agent’s address (attempt 3) and 6 Southwest Auto’s business address (attempt 4), but was unsuccessful at each location. 7 (Doc. 14-2 at 3). 8 By refusing to arrange a time for service during his phone call with Hepp and by 9 ignoring Hepp’s subsequent text message, Mr. Verdin appears to be evading service. This 10 fact, combined with the four separate attempts to effectuate service, demonstrate that 11 traditional means of service are impracticable. Ariz. R. Civ. P. 4.1(k). 12 However, the Court is not convinced that the proposed method of alternative service 13 comports with due process. Rio Props., Inc., 284 F.3d at 1016; Ruffino, 425 P.3d at 1113 ¶ 14 16. Plaintiff requests leave to mail the complaint and summons to 717 W. Broadway Road, 15 Suite B., Phoenix, Arizona 85041 (the “717 W. Broadway Road address”). (Doc. 14 at 7). 16 This is Southwest Auto’s statutory agent’s address on file with the Arizona Corporation 17 Commission. (Doc. 14-2 at 3). Only one of four service attempts was made at this address. 18 During that attempt, Hepp “was told by an employee at th[at] location that they do not 19 know the defendants.” (Doc. 14-2 at 3) (emphasis added). The other three attempts were 20 made at Southwest Auto’s “place of business.” (Doc. 14 a 3–4). Hepp spoke to the same 21 employee (“a Hispanic male in his 30s”) during each of those attempts, who appeared to 22 know Mr. Verdin.2 Plaintiff does not provide the address of Southwest Auto’s “place of 23 business,” nor explain how the process server knew this was the entity’s business address. 24 Based on this record, the Court does not find that service on only the 717 W. 25 Broadway Road address comports with due process because, during the only attempt at 26 2 During the first attempt, the employee informed Hepp that “[Mr. Verdin is rarely [there] 27 in the morning, and isn’t expected in today.” (Doc. 14-2 at 2). The second time, the employee stated “[Mr. Verdin] is not here at the moment,” and that he “is rarely seen here.” 28 (Doc. 14-2 at 2). The third time, the employee again stated that Mr. Verdin was not there, and asked if he could pass along a message. (Doc. 14-2 at 3). 1 that location, an employee told Hepp they did not know the Verdins. Mailing the complaint 2 and summons to a place that appears to lack any ties to the Verdins or Southwest Auto will 3 not notify Mr. Verdin of the pending action against him. Rio Props., Inc., 284 F.3d at 1016; 4 see also Ruffino, 425 P.3d at 1113 ¶ 16. And authorizing service to Southwest Auto’s 5 “place of business”—where the majority of service attempts occurred, and which appears 6 to be a more reliable location to effect service—is not possible because Plaintiff has not 7 disclosed that address or explained how the process server identified it as Southwest Auto’s 8 business location. Accordingly, Plaintiff’s request to serve the Southwest Auto Defendants 9 at the 717 W. Broadway Road address is denied without prejudice.3 10 C. Conclusion 11 For the stated reasons, the Court will grant Plaintiff’s motion for alternative service 12 on Pacific Financial. (Doc. 14 at 5). See Flores v. Elite Staffing Servs. LLC, No. CV-24- 13 02241-PHX-DWL, 2024 WL 4858394, at *1–2 (D. Ariz. Nov. 21, 2024) (granting 14 plaintiff’s request to serve defendants via “U.S. Mail and Certified Mail”); Cabrera v. Felix 15 Tire and Auto LLC, No. CV-25-00339-PHX-MTL, 2025 WL 1332823, at *2 (D. Ariz. Apr. 16 18, 2025) (same). The Court will deny without prejudice Plaintiff’s motion for alternative 17 service on the Southwest Auto Defendants. 18 Accordingly, 19 IT IS ORDERED that Plaintiff’s Motion to Strike (Doc. 13) is, therefore, granted. 20 The motion to dismiss (Doc. 12) is stricken. Defendant Pacific Financial Auto LLC’s 21 answer or other response to the complaint (through licensed counsel) shall be due based on 22 when service in completed. 23 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff’s Motion for Alternative Service on 24 Defendant Pacific Financial Auto LLC, Defendant Southwest Auto Sales & Finance LLC, 25 and Defendants Jose G. Lopez Verdin and Jane Doe Verdin (Doc. 14) is granted in part

26 3 The Court acknowledges that Mr. Verdin seems to be aware of the present suit, considering he previously spoke with the process server and already advised that the 27 summons and complaint could be left at Southwest Auto’s place of business (the address of which is unknown). However, Mr. Verdin must still be formally served (both personally 28 and on Southwest Auto’s behalf) because he has not waived service of process. Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(d). || and denied in part as specified above. 2 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, by September 22, 2025, Plaintiff must file with || the Court satisfactory evidence that a copy of the Summons, Complaint, and this Order 4|| were mailed to Pacific Financial Auto LLC’s statutory agent’s residential address located || at 8045 W. Belmont Ave., Glendale, AZ 85303. The provision of this evidence shall be 6|| deemed proof of service for Defendant Pacific Financial Auto LLC. 7 Dated this 12th day of September, 2025. 8

10 ll _ James A. Teil Org Senior United States District Judge 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

-9-