MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Feb 13 2015, 8:12 am Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Mark E. Kamish Gregory F. Zoeller Baldwin Adams & Kamish Attorney General of Indiana Franklin, Indiana Justin F. Roebel Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Amanda Biggs, February 13, 2015
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Cause No. 53A05-1406-CR-295 v. Appeal from the Monroe Circuit Court Cause No. 53C02-1305-FA-504 and State of Indiana, 53C02-1306-FC-508 Appellee-Plaintiff. The Honorable Marc R. Kellams, Judge
Barnes, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A05-1406-CR-295 | February 13, 2015 Page 1 of 7 Case Summary [1] Amanda Biggs appeals her six-year sentence for one count of Class C felony
robbery and one count of Class C felony forgery. We affirm.
Issue [2] The sole issue before us is whether Biggs’s sentence is inappropriate.
Facts [3] On or about February 22, 2013, Biggs filled in the amount of $2,500 on a check
stolen from Guy Roberts. Biggs’s friend, Alisha White-Sipes, signed Roberts’s
name on the bottom of the check and attempted to cash it, unsuccessfully.
Biggs’s roommate at the time, Lindsey Huffman, also attempted to cash a
second check stolen from Roberts and also was unsuccessful in doing so. It is
unclear how the three women came into possession of Roberts’s checks.
[4] On May 13, 2013, Biggs went to a hotel in Bloomington with the intent to
engage in prostitution. Biggs was accompanied by a friend, Bennie Ferguson,
for safety reasons. On the way to the hotel, Ferguson told Biggs that it would
be easy to “hit a lick,” which Biggs understood to mean commit a robbery. Tr.
p. 49. When Biggs arrived at the victim’s hotel room and the victim opened the
door, both Biggs and Ferguson entered the room. Ferguson immediately put
the victim in a headlock until he lost consciousness. Biggs then stole $300 in
cash from the victim, while Ferguson stole two cell phones.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A05-1406-CR-295 | February 13, 2015 Page 2 of 7 [5] For these incidents the State charged Biggs with one count of Class A felony
robbery, one count of Class C felony forgery, and one count of Class D felony
theft. Ferguson was charged with Class A felony robbery, pled guilty to Class C
felony robbery, and received a sentence of five years executed. White-Sipes was
charged with Class D felony theft; the State entered into a deferred prosecution
agreement with her, which eventually led to the charge being dismissed.
Huffman was charged with Class C felony forgery and Class D felony theft; she
pled guilty to Class D felony theft only and received a sentence of 365 days with
361 days suspended.
[6] Biggs and the State eventually entered into a plea agreement calling for her to
plead guilty to Class C felony robbery and Class C felony forgery, with the
sentences to be served concurrently. The plea agreement also provided for
dismissal of other charges Biggs was facing for Class C misdemeanor driving
without ever having received a license and Class D felony domestic battery.
Biggs also agreed to pay restitution to the robbery victim, jointly and severally
with Ferguson. After conducting a sentencing hearing, the trial court imposed
a sentence of six years, with four years executed and two years suspended to
probation, for each conviction, to be served concurrently as required by the plea
agreement. Biggs now appeals.
Analysis [7] Biggs contends that her sentence is inappropriate under Indiana Appellate Rule
7(B) in light of her character and the nature of the offenses. Although Rule 7(B)
does not require us to be “extremely” deferential to a trial court’s sentencing Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A05-1406-CR-295 | February 13, 2015 Page 3 of 7 decision, we still must give due consideration to that decision. Rutherford v.
State, 866 N.E.2d 867, 873 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). We also understand and
recognize the unique perspective a trial court brings to its sentencing decisions.
Id. “Additionally, a defendant bears the burden of persuading the appellate
court that his or her sentence is inappropriate.” Id.
[8] The principal role of Rule 7(B) review “should be to attempt to leaven the
outliers, and identify some guiding principles for trial courts and those charged
with improvement of the sentencing statutes, but not to achieve a perceived
‘correct’ result in each case.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1225 (Ind.
2008). We “should focus on the forest—the aggregate sentence—rather than
the trees—consecutive or concurrent, number of counts, or length of the
sentence on any individual count.” Id. Whether a sentence is inappropriate
ultimately turns on the culpability of the defendant, the severity of the crime,
the damage done to others, and myriad other factors that come to light in a
given case. Id. at 1224. When reviewing the appropriateness of a sentence
under Rule 7(B), we may consider all aspects of the penal consequences
imposed by the trial court in sentencing the defendant, including whether a
portion of the sentence was suspended. Davidson v. State, 926 N.E.2d 1023,
1025 (Ind. 2010). We also note that, although we need not compare the
sentences of codefendants, we are not precluded from comparing sentences
among those convicted of the same or similar crimes. Knight v. State, 930
N.E.2d 20, 22 (Ind. 2010).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A05-1406-CR-295 | February 13, 2015 Page 4 of 7 [9] We first look at the nature of the offenses. Regarding the robbery, it resulted
from Biggs’s intention to engage in prostitution with the victim. Even if, as
Biggs claims, it was not her original intention to rob the victim, she still
intended to engage in illegal activity with him. The victim lost consciousness;
although there is no evidence he sustained any lasting injury, loss of
consciousness by itself would have been sufficient to make the robbery a Class
A felony, not just a Class C felony. See Ind. Code §§ 35-42-5-1 & 35-31.5-2-292
(2013) (classifying robbery as a Class A felony if it results in “serious bodily
injury” and including “unconsciousness” within definition of “serious bodily
injury”). Unless a plea agreement requires a trial court to do so, and the plea
agreement here did not, “it is not necessary for a trial court to turn a blind eye
to the facts of the incident that brought the defendant before them” in the event
the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge. Bethea v. State, 983
N.E.2d 1134, 1145 (Ind. 2013).
[10] As for the forgery, it is unclear how Biggs or her cohorts came into possession
of the stolen checks. Biggs’s sole act in the crime was to write in a dollar
amount on one of the checks. It was White-Sipes and Huffman who actually
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Feb 13 2015, 8:12 am Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Mark E. Kamish Gregory F. Zoeller Baldwin Adams & Kamish Attorney General of Indiana Franklin, Indiana Justin F. Roebel Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Amanda Biggs, February 13, 2015
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Cause No. 53A05-1406-CR-295 v. Appeal from the Monroe Circuit Court Cause No. 53C02-1305-FA-504 and State of Indiana, 53C02-1306-FC-508 Appellee-Plaintiff. The Honorable Marc R. Kellams, Judge
Barnes, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A05-1406-CR-295 | February 13, 2015 Page 1 of 7 Case Summary [1] Amanda Biggs appeals her six-year sentence for one count of Class C felony
robbery and one count of Class C felony forgery. We affirm.
Issue [2] The sole issue before us is whether Biggs’s sentence is inappropriate.
Facts [3] On or about February 22, 2013, Biggs filled in the amount of $2,500 on a check
stolen from Guy Roberts. Biggs’s friend, Alisha White-Sipes, signed Roberts’s
name on the bottom of the check and attempted to cash it, unsuccessfully.
Biggs’s roommate at the time, Lindsey Huffman, also attempted to cash a
second check stolen from Roberts and also was unsuccessful in doing so. It is
unclear how the three women came into possession of Roberts’s checks.
[4] On May 13, 2013, Biggs went to a hotel in Bloomington with the intent to
engage in prostitution. Biggs was accompanied by a friend, Bennie Ferguson,
for safety reasons. On the way to the hotel, Ferguson told Biggs that it would
be easy to “hit a lick,” which Biggs understood to mean commit a robbery. Tr.
p. 49. When Biggs arrived at the victim’s hotel room and the victim opened the
door, both Biggs and Ferguson entered the room. Ferguson immediately put
the victim in a headlock until he lost consciousness. Biggs then stole $300 in
cash from the victim, while Ferguson stole two cell phones.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A05-1406-CR-295 | February 13, 2015 Page 2 of 7 [5] For these incidents the State charged Biggs with one count of Class A felony
robbery, one count of Class C felony forgery, and one count of Class D felony
theft. Ferguson was charged with Class A felony robbery, pled guilty to Class C
felony robbery, and received a sentence of five years executed. White-Sipes was
charged with Class D felony theft; the State entered into a deferred prosecution
agreement with her, which eventually led to the charge being dismissed.
Huffman was charged with Class C felony forgery and Class D felony theft; she
pled guilty to Class D felony theft only and received a sentence of 365 days with
361 days suspended.
[6] Biggs and the State eventually entered into a plea agreement calling for her to
plead guilty to Class C felony robbery and Class C felony forgery, with the
sentences to be served concurrently. The plea agreement also provided for
dismissal of other charges Biggs was facing for Class C misdemeanor driving
without ever having received a license and Class D felony domestic battery.
Biggs also agreed to pay restitution to the robbery victim, jointly and severally
with Ferguson. After conducting a sentencing hearing, the trial court imposed
a sentence of six years, with four years executed and two years suspended to
probation, for each conviction, to be served concurrently as required by the plea
agreement. Biggs now appeals.
Analysis [7] Biggs contends that her sentence is inappropriate under Indiana Appellate Rule
7(B) in light of her character and the nature of the offenses. Although Rule 7(B)
does not require us to be “extremely” deferential to a trial court’s sentencing Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A05-1406-CR-295 | February 13, 2015 Page 3 of 7 decision, we still must give due consideration to that decision. Rutherford v.
State, 866 N.E.2d 867, 873 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). We also understand and
recognize the unique perspective a trial court brings to its sentencing decisions.
Id. “Additionally, a defendant bears the burden of persuading the appellate
court that his or her sentence is inappropriate.” Id.
[8] The principal role of Rule 7(B) review “should be to attempt to leaven the
outliers, and identify some guiding principles for trial courts and those charged
with improvement of the sentencing statutes, but not to achieve a perceived
‘correct’ result in each case.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1225 (Ind.
2008). We “should focus on the forest—the aggregate sentence—rather than
the trees—consecutive or concurrent, number of counts, or length of the
sentence on any individual count.” Id. Whether a sentence is inappropriate
ultimately turns on the culpability of the defendant, the severity of the crime,
the damage done to others, and myriad other factors that come to light in a
given case. Id. at 1224. When reviewing the appropriateness of a sentence
under Rule 7(B), we may consider all aspects of the penal consequences
imposed by the trial court in sentencing the defendant, including whether a
portion of the sentence was suspended. Davidson v. State, 926 N.E.2d 1023,
1025 (Ind. 2010). We also note that, although we need not compare the
sentences of codefendants, we are not precluded from comparing sentences
among those convicted of the same or similar crimes. Knight v. State, 930
N.E.2d 20, 22 (Ind. 2010).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A05-1406-CR-295 | February 13, 2015 Page 4 of 7 [9] We first look at the nature of the offenses. Regarding the robbery, it resulted
from Biggs’s intention to engage in prostitution with the victim. Even if, as
Biggs claims, it was not her original intention to rob the victim, she still
intended to engage in illegal activity with him. The victim lost consciousness;
although there is no evidence he sustained any lasting injury, loss of
consciousness by itself would have been sufficient to make the robbery a Class
A felony, not just a Class C felony. See Ind. Code §§ 35-42-5-1 & 35-31.5-2-292
(2013) (classifying robbery as a Class A felony if it results in “serious bodily
injury” and including “unconsciousness” within definition of “serious bodily
injury”). Unless a plea agreement requires a trial court to do so, and the plea
agreement here did not, “it is not necessary for a trial court to turn a blind eye
to the facts of the incident that brought the defendant before them” in the event
the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge. Bethea v. State, 983
N.E.2d 1134, 1145 (Ind. 2013).
[10] As for the forgery, it is unclear how Biggs or her cohorts came into possession
of the stolen checks. Biggs’s sole act in the crime was to write in a dollar
amount on one of the checks. It was White-Sipes and Huffman who actually
forged signatures on the checks and attempted to cash them. Those attempts
were unsuccessful and so resulted in no pecuniary harm to Roberts.
[11] We now address Biggs’s character. She was twenty-one to twenty-two years
old when she committed these offenses and had no prior criminal or juvenile
history. Biggs also pled guilty, but she received a significant benefit from the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A05-1406-CR-295 | February 13, 2015 Page 5 of 7 plea in the reduction of the robbery charge from a Class A to a Class C felony
and the dismissal of other pending charges.
[12] After carefully considering Biggs’s character, the nature of the offenses, and the
sentences received by her cohorts, we cannot say that her sentence is
inappropriate. It is true that Biggs’s sentence for Class C felony forgery is much
greater than the punishments received by White-Sipes and Huffman, with no
evidence that Biggs’s character or conduct in relation to that offense was any
worse than her cohorts. However, we reiterate that, in the end, we are
analyzing Biggs’s aggregate sentence, not individual sentences. Because the
forgery sentence is concurrent with the robbery sentence, it does not carry its
own separate punitive weight. Unlike White-Sipes and Huffman, Biggs did
commit that robbery within a relatively short time after committing the forgery.
[13] As for the robbery, it was more egregious than a so-called “typical” Class C
felony robbery because, as noted, the victim’s loss of consciousness could have
supported a Class A felony conviction. Ferguson received a five-year executed
sentence for his part in the crime. Although Biggs’s total sentence is one year
longer than Ferguson’s, her executed time is one year less, which we take into
account. Also, although Biggs asserts that Ferguson has a prior criminal
history, while she does not, the record does not reveal what is contained in
Ferguson’s record; we do not know the seriousness of that record. Biggs further
was being sentenced simultaneously for two Class C felony convictions, while
Ferguson was only sentenced for one such conviction. Based upon the record
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A05-1406-CR-295 | February 13, 2015 Page 6 of 7 before us, we do not believe that Biggs’s sentence is disproportionate as
compared to Ferguson’s.
Conclusion [14] We conclude that Biggs’s sentence is not inappropriate, and we affirm.
[15] Affirmed.
May, J., and Pyle, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A05-1406-CR-295 | February 13, 2015 Page 7 of 7