[Cite as Amalgamated Transit Union, AFL-CIO, Local 697 v. Toledo Area Regional Transit Auth., 2018-Ohio- 2867.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
Amalgamated Transit Union, AFL-CIO, Court of Appeals No. L-17-1217 Local 697 Trial Court No. CI0201106508 Appellee
v.
Toledo Area Regional Transit Authority DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: July 20, 2018
*****
Joseph S. Pass, for appellee.
Joseph C. Devine and Ryan A. Cates, for appellant.
SINGER, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Toledo Area Regional Transit Authority (“TARTA”), appeals the
following decisions from the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas: (1) the October 26,
2015 and August 19, 2016 denials of TARTA’s motions for summary judgment, (2) the
July 31, 2017 opinion and judgment entry finding that appellee, Amalgamated Transit Union, AFL-CIO, Local 697, and TARTA were required to submit the matter to binding
interest arbitration, and (3) the August 30, 2017 opinion and judgment entry denying
TARTA’s Civ.R. 52 motion. For the following reasons, we reverse and remand.
{¶ 2} TARTA sets forth four assignments of error:
1. The trial court erred as a matter of law in granting judgment in
favor of [appellee] ATU and ordering the parties to binding interest
arbitration over the terms and conditions of a successor, public-sector
collective bargaining agreement (“CBA”) because the parties did not agree
to submit the terms and conditions of a successor CBA to binding interest
arbitration.
2. The trial court erred as a matter of law in finding that Ohio courts
favor binding interest arbitration to resolve an impasse in negotiations for a
successor, public-sector CBA between a public employer and a union.
3. The trial court erred because its July 31, 2017 Opinion and
Judgment Entry following a bench trial is against the manifest weight of the
evidence.
4. The trial court erred in its August 30, 2017 denial of TARTA’s
August 7, 2017 request under Ohio Rule of Civil Procedure 52 for separate
findings of fact and conclusions of law by failing to state in writing its
separate findings of fact and conclusions of law with respect to its July 31,
2017 Opinion and Judgment Entry.
2. {¶ 3} We will first consider TARTA’s fourth assignment of error as we find it
procedurally dispositive for purposes of this appeal.
{¶ 4} TARTA argues the trial court erred in not issuing separate findings of fact
and conclusions of law following the bench trial. TARTA contends the trial court did not
engage in any analysis to support its conclusion “that ‘the instant labor dispute was
related to [TARTA’s] receipt of federal funding,’” before the court “then entered
judgment in favor of [appellee] and ordered the parties to binding interest arbitration.”
TARTA submits it filed a motion, pursuant to Civ.R. 52, for the court to issue findings of
fact and conclusions of law, which the court denied.
{¶ 5} Appellee counters the parties’ dispute involved a question of law and no
question of material facts. Appellee submits the trial court determined that “the question
to be decided is a matter of law. Specifically, the Court held, ‘…that while it could not
conclude as a matter of law on summary judgment that the instant labor dispute was
related to Defendant’s receipt of federal funding, it does find- after hearing a trial on the
merits- that this is indeed the case.’”
{¶ 6} TARTA responded “[o]bviously, the trial court denied summary judgment
because it concluded there were genuine issues of material fact that required a trial.”
Civ.R. 52 and Case Law
{¶ 7} Civ.R. 52 provides, in relevant part:
When questions of fact are tried by the court without a jury,
judgment may be general for the prevailing party unless one of the parties
3. in writing requests otherwise before the entry of judgment * * * or not later
than seven days after the party filing the request has been given notice of
the court’s announcement of its decision, whichever is later, in which case,
the court shall state in writing the conclusions of fact found separately from
the conclusions of law.
When a request for findings of fact and conclusions of law is made,
the court, in its discretion, may require any or all of the parties to submit
proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law; however, only those
findings of fact and conclusions of law made by the court shall form part of
the record.
{¶ 8} “The provisions of Civ. R. 52 are mandatory in any situation in which
questions of fact are tried by the court without intervention of a jury.” Werden v.
Crawford, 70 Ohio St.2d 122, 124, 435 N.E.2d 424 (1982). “‘The test for determining
whether a trial court’s opinion satisfies the requirements of Civ.R. 52 is whether the
contents of the opinion, when considered together with other parts of the record, form an
adequate basis upon which to decide the narrow legal issues presented.’” (Citation
omitted.) State ex rel. Gilbert v. City of Cincinnati, 125 Ohio St.3d 385, 2010-Ohio-
1473, 928 N.E.2d 706, ¶ 38. “[T]he findings and conclusions must articulate an adequate
basis upon which a party can mount a challenge to, and the appellate court can make a
determination as to the propriety of, resolved disputed issues of fact and the trial court’s
4. application of the law.” Kroeger v. Ryder, 86 Ohio App.3d 438, 442, 621 N.E.2d 534
(6th Dist.1993).
Trial Court’s Judgments
{¶ 9} In its July 31, 2017 opinion and judgment entry, following the January 19,
2017 bench trial, the trial court issued its decision. In its analysis, the court set forth:
It is noteworthy that after trial, the facts before the Court are much
the same as those before it during both of the parties’ cross-motions for
summary judgment. This Court notes while it could not conclude as a
matter of law on summary judgment that the instant labor dispute was
related to [TARTA’s] receipt of federal funding, it does find – after hearing
a trial on the merits – that this is indeed the case. [Appellee] is therefore
entitled to invoke the binding interest arbitration provision set forth in the
parties’ * * * Agreement. While the facts of this case present the Court
with an exceptionally close call, the Court is guided by the prevalent legal
principle in Ohio that court’s [sic] favor arbitration.
{¶ 10} In its August 30, 2017 opinion and judgment entry, the trial court denied
TARTA’s Civ.R. 52 motion for separate findings of fact and conclusions of law. The
court reasoned “this Court already asserted its finding(s) of fact and conclusion(s) of
law by way of its July 31, 2017, Opinion and Judgment Entry.” The court noted it had
set forth in its July 31, 2017 judgment that: “‘[t]he parties largely agree on the
background facts which underlie [sic] their labor dispute * * *. In fact, the only factual
5. issue before the Court – and the issue which decides this case – is very simple: Is the
parties’ labor dispute related to TARTA’s receipt of federal funding?’” The court
observed “[b]ecause the parties agreed prior to, and at, trial on all material facts with the
exception of whether the parties’ labor dispute was related to federal funding, this was
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as Amalgamated Transit Union, AFL-CIO, Local 697 v. Toledo Area Regional Transit Auth., 2018-Ohio- 2867.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
Amalgamated Transit Union, AFL-CIO, Court of Appeals No. L-17-1217 Local 697 Trial Court No. CI0201106508 Appellee
v.
Toledo Area Regional Transit Authority DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: July 20, 2018
*****
Joseph S. Pass, for appellee.
Joseph C. Devine and Ryan A. Cates, for appellant.
SINGER, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Toledo Area Regional Transit Authority (“TARTA”), appeals the
following decisions from the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas: (1) the October 26,
2015 and August 19, 2016 denials of TARTA’s motions for summary judgment, (2) the
July 31, 2017 opinion and judgment entry finding that appellee, Amalgamated Transit Union, AFL-CIO, Local 697, and TARTA were required to submit the matter to binding
interest arbitration, and (3) the August 30, 2017 opinion and judgment entry denying
TARTA’s Civ.R. 52 motion. For the following reasons, we reverse and remand.
{¶ 2} TARTA sets forth four assignments of error:
1. The trial court erred as a matter of law in granting judgment in
favor of [appellee] ATU and ordering the parties to binding interest
arbitration over the terms and conditions of a successor, public-sector
collective bargaining agreement (“CBA”) because the parties did not agree
to submit the terms and conditions of a successor CBA to binding interest
arbitration.
2. The trial court erred as a matter of law in finding that Ohio courts
favor binding interest arbitration to resolve an impasse in negotiations for a
successor, public-sector CBA between a public employer and a union.
3. The trial court erred because its July 31, 2017 Opinion and
Judgment Entry following a bench trial is against the manifest weight of the
evidence.
4. The trial court erred in its August 30, 2017 denial of TARTA’s
August 7, 2017 request under Ohio Rule of Civil Procedure 52 for separate
findings of fact and conclusions of law by failing to state in writing its
separate findings of fact and conclusions of law with respect to its July 31,
2017 Opinion and Judgment Entry.
2. {¶ 3} We will first consider TARTA’s fourth assignment of error as we find it
procedurally dispositive for purposes of this appeal.
{¶ 4} TARTA argues the trial court erred in not issuing separate findings of fact
and conclusions of law following the bench trial. TARTA contends the trial court did not
engage in any analysis to support its conclusion “that ‘the instant labor dispute was
related to [TARTA’s] receipt of federal funding,’” before the court “then entered
judgment in favor of [appellee] and ordered the parties to binding interest arbitration.”
TARTA submits it filed a motion, pursuant to Civ.R. 52, for the court to issue findings of
fact and conclusions of law, which the court denied.
{¶ 5} Appellee counters the parties’ dispute involved a question of law and no
question of material facts. Appellee submits the trial court determined that “the question
to be decided is a matter of law. Specifically, the Court held, ‘…that while it could not
conclude as a matter of law on summary judgment that the instant labor dispute was
related to Defendant’s receipt of federal funding, it does find- after hearing a trial on the
merits- that this is indeed the case.’”
{¶ 6} TARTA responded “[o]bviously, the trial court denied summary judgment
because it concluded there were genuine issues of material fact that required a trial.”
Civ.R. 52 and Case Law
{¶ 7} Civ.R. 52 provides, in relevant part:
When questions of fact are tried by the court without a jury,
judgment may be general for the prevailing party unless one of the parties
3. in writing requests otherwise before the entry of judgment * * * or not later
than seven days after the party filing the request has been given notice of
the court’s announcement of its decision, whichever is later, in which case,
the court shall state in writing the conclusions of fact found separately from
the conclusions of law.
When a request for findings of fact and conclusions of law is made,
the court, in its discretion, may require any or all of the parties to submit
proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law; however, only those
findings of fact and conclusions of law made by the court shall form part of
the record.
{¶ 8} “The provisions of Civ. R. 52 are mandatory in any situation in which
questions of fact are tried by the court without intervention of a jury.” Werden v.
Crawford, 70 Ohio St.2d 122, 124, 435 N.E.2d 424 (1982). “‘The test for determining
whether a trial court’s opinion satisfies the requirements of Civ.R. 52 is whether the
contents of the opinion, when considered together with other parts of the record, form an
adequate basis upon which to decide the narrow legal issues presented.’” (Citation
omitted.) State ex rel. Gilbert v. City of Cincinnati, 125 Ohio St.3d 385, 2010-Ohio-
1473, 928 N.E.2d 706, ¶ 38. “[T]he findings and conclusions must articulate an adequate
basis upon which a party can mount a challenge to, and the appellate court can make a
determination as to the propriety of, resolved disputed issues of fact and the trial court’s
4. application of the law.” Kroeger v. Ryder, 86 Ohio App.3d 438, 442, 621 N.E.2d 534
(6th Dist.1993).
Trial Court’s Judgments
{¶ 9} In its July 31, 2017 opinion and judgment entry, following the January 19,
2017 bench trial, the trial court issued its decision. In its analysis, the court set forth:
It is noteworthy that after trial, the facts before the Court are much
the same as those before it during both of the parties’ cross-motions for
summary judgment. This Court notes while it could not conclude as a
matter of law on summary judgment that the instant labor dispute was
related to [TARTA’s] receipt of federal funding, it does find – after hearing
a trial on the merits – that this is indeed the case. [Appellee] is therefore
entitled to invoke the binding interest arbitration provision set forth in the
parties’ * * * Agreement. While the facts of this case present the Court
with an exceptionally close call, the Court is guided by the prevalent legal
principle in Ohio that court’s [sic] favor arbitration.
{¶ 10} In its August 30, 2017 opinion and judgment entry, the trial court denied
TARTA’s Civ.R. 52 motion for separate findings of fact and conclusions of law. The
court reasoned “this Court already asserted its finding(s) of fact and conclusion(s) of
law by way of its July 31, 2017, Opinion and Judgment Entry.” The court noted it had
set forth in its July 31, 2017 judgment that: “‘[t]he parties largely agree on the
background facts which underlie [sic] their labor dispute * * *. In fact, the only factual
5. issue before the Court – and the issue which decides this case – is very simple: Is the
parties’ labor dispute related to TARTA’s receipt of federal funding?’” The court
observed “[b]ecause the parties agreed prior to, and at, trial on all material facts with the
exception of whether the parties’ labor dispute was related to federal funding, this was
the only finding of fact the Court was required to make.” The court then concluded “the
parties[’] labor dispute ‘was related to [TARTA’s] receipt of federal funding.’ This
served as the Court’s only required finding of fact, because it was the only material fact
in dispute.”
Analysis
{¶ 11} The record shows TARTA timely moved the trial court for separate
findings of fact and conclusions of law by filing its written motion within seven days of
the trial court’s decision. The record further shows that the day after the bench trial, the
court ordered the parties to file their findings of fact and conclusions of law. Both parties
filed proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law on April 24, 2017. We therefore
find that TARTA complied with the procedural requirement of Civ.R. 52.
{¶ 12} After considering the trial court’s July 31, 2017 judgment, along with the
record, we conclude the trial court did not set forth an adequate basis for its decision such
that TARTA can mount a challenge and we can accurately decide the issues presented on
appeal. The trial court’s general finding in its July 31, 2017 judgment does not provide
the grounds or justification for its finding that the parties’ labor dispute related to
TARTA’s receipt of federal funding. Consequently, pursuant to Civ.R. 52, the trial court
6. was required to file separate findings of fact and conclusions of law, which it did not do.
Accordingly, TARTA’s fourth assignment of error is found well-taken.
{¶ 13} The July 31, 2017 and August 30, 2017 judgments of the Lucas County
Court of Common Pleas are reversed, and this cause is remanded to that court for the
purpose of providing separate findings of fact and conclusions of law. In following our
order on remand, the trial judge must vacate the July 31, 2017 judgment and re-enter that
judgment as of the date that the findings of fact and conclusions of law are entered.
{¶ 14} Having found TARTA’s fourth assignment of error well-taken, TARTA’s
remaining assignments of error are rendered moot. Appellee is ordered to pay the costs
of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24(A).
Judgments reversed, in part.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
7. Amalgamated Transit Union, AFL-CIO, Local 697 v. Toledo Area Regional Transit Auth. C.A. No. L-17-1217
Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ JUDGE James D. Jensen, J. _______________________________ Christine E. Mayle, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
8.