MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Jul 29 2020, 11:26 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK Indiana Supreme Court the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Anthony S. Churchward Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Fort Wayne, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Myriam Serrano Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Alonzo J. Clark, July 29, 2020 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 20A-CR-151 v. Appeal from the Allen Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Frances C. Gull, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause Nos. 02D04-1507-F6-680, 02D05-1903- F6-267
Altice, Judge.
Case Summary
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-151 | July 29, 2020 Page 1 of 8 [1] Alonzo Clark appeals the two-and-one-half-year executed sentence that was
imposed following his convictions and probation violation for various drug
offenses under two separate cause numbers. Clark contends that the trial court
improperly ordered him to serve executed time in the Indiana Department of
Correction (DOC), rather than permitting him to participate in work release or
in a community corrections program.
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[3] In January 2016, Clark pled guilty to possession of a controlled substance, a
level 6 felony, under Cause F6-680 and was sentenced to one year and 183 days
in the DOC. The trial court suspended one year of the sentence and ordered
Clark to serve the remaining 183 days on home detention.
[4] On March 21, 2017, the Allen County Probation Department (probation
department) filed a notice of probation violation, alleging that Clark had failed
to complete court-ordered counseling sessions or pay fines and costs.
Thereafter, on April 11, 2017, Clark entered into a modification agreement with
the State that resulted in a six-month extension of his probation for violating the
conditions of probation.
[5] The probation department filed another petition to revoke Clark’s probation on
April 18, 2017, alleging that Clark had failed to attend and complete other
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-151 | July 29, 2020 Page 2 of 8 counseling sessions. Two days later, the trial court issued a warrant for Clark’s
arrest.
[6] On March 3, 2019, while the warrant was still active, Clark was arrested on
new charges under Cause F6-267 that included possession of a narcotic drug,
possession of a controlled substance, and possession of a synthetic drug or
synthetic drug lookalike substance. Thus, the State amended its petition to
revoke Clark’s probation on March 8, 2019.
[7] On April 15, 2019, Clark pled guilty to the charges in Cause F6-267 and
admitted to the probation violation alleged in Cause F6-680. The trial court
took the guilty pleas under advisement, placed Clark in a diversion program,
and terminated supervised probation. It was agreed that if Clark successfully
completed a program through the drug court, he would be discharged from
probation under Cause F6-680 and the charges under Cause F6-267 would be
dismissed.
[8] On June 3, 2019, Clark violated the rules imposed by the drug court and was
“sanctioned with jail time.” Appellant’s Appendix at 113. On November 18,
2019, the State filed a petition to terminate Clark’s participation in the drug
court program, alleging that Clark had committed additional criminal offenses
and had failed to attend and complete a counseling program. That same day,
Clark appeared in court with counsel and admitted to violating the terms and
conditions of the agreement. As a result, the trial court ordered Clark “revoked
from drug court.” Drug Court Transcript at 5.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-151 | July 29, 2020 Page 3 of 8 [9] At a dispositional and sentencing hearing on December 19, 2019, the trial court
identified Clark’s criminal record that consisted of three prior misdemeanor
convictions and one prior felony conviction, and “failed efforts at rehabilitation
covering a period of time from 2014 to 2019,” as aggravating factors. Sentencing
Transcript at 8. The trial court pointed out that Clark was “given the benefit of
short jail sentences, longer jail sentences, time in the alcohol countermeasures
program, active adult probation, home detention, and ultimately the drug court
program.” Id. The court further noted that Clark was on probation when he
committed the Cause F6-267 offenses. As a result, Clark was sentenced to a
term of one-and-one-half years of incarceration on each offense in Cause F6-
267 to run concurrently with each other, but consecutively to the sentence
imposed in Cause F6-680. The trial court revoked the previously suspended
one-year sentence in Cause F6-680 and ordered Clark to serve that term in the
DOC. Thus, Clark was ordered to serve an executed two-and-one-half-year
aggregate sentence in the DOC.
[10] Clark now appeals.
Discussion and Decision
[11] We initially observe that sentencing determinations are generally within the
trial court’s discretion, and we review a sentencing decision only for an abuse of
discretion. Fleming v. State, 143 N.E.3d 987, 989 (Ind. Ct. App. 2020). While
Clark frames his argument on appeal as an abuse of discretion challenge, he
actually argues that it was inappropriate for the trial court to impose a fully
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-151 | July 29, 2020 Page 4 of 8 executed sentence following the probation revocation under Cause F6-680 and
his convictions in Cause F6-267 “based on the nature of . . . the offenses along
with his character.” Appellant’s Brief at 14.
[12] We may revise a sentence authorized by statute if, after due consideration of the
trial court’s decision, we find the sentence inappropriate in light of the nature of
the offense and the character of the offender. Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B).
Deference to the trial court “prevail[s] unless overcome by compelling evidence
portraying in a positive light the nature of the offense (such as accompanied by
restraint, regard, and lack of brutality) and the defendant’s character (such as
substantial virtuous traits or persistent examples of good character).” Stephenson
v. State, 29 N.E.3d 111, 122 (Ind. 2015). It is the defendant’s burden to
persuade us that his sentence is inappropriate. Childress v. State, 848 N.E.2d
1073, 1080 (Ind. 2006).
[13] Our Supreme Court has determined that “[t]he place that a sentence is to be
served is an appropriate focus for application of our review and revise
authority.” Biddinger v. State, 868 N.E.2d 407, 414 (Ind. 2007). “Nonetheless, .
. . it will be quite difficult for a defendant to prevail on a claim that the
placement of his or her sentence is inappropriate.” Fonner v. State, 876 N.E.2d
340, 343 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). This is because the question under Indiana
Appellate Rule 7(B) is not whether another sentence is more appropriate; the
question is whether the sentence imposed is inappropriate. King v.
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Jul 29 2020, 11:26 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK Indiana Supreme Court the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals and Tax Court estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Anthony S. Churchward Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Fort Wayne, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Myriam Serrano Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Alonzo J. Clark, July 29, 2020 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 20A-CR-151 v. Appeal from the Allen Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Frances C. Gull, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause Nos. 02D04-1507-F6-680, 02D05-1903- F6-267
Altice, Judge.
Case Summary
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-151 | July 29, 2020 Page 1 of 8 [1] Alonzo Clark appeals the two-and-one-half-year executed sentence that was
imposed following his convictions and probation violation for various drug
offenses under two separate cause numbers. Clark contends that the trial court
improperly ordered him to serve executed time in the Indiana Department of
Correction (DOC), rather than permitting him to participate in work release or
in a community corrections program.
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[3] In January 2016, Clark pled guilty to possession of a controlled substance, a
level 6 felony, under Cause F6-680 and was sentenced to one year and 183 days
in the DOC. The trial court suspended one year of the sentence and ordered
Clark to serve the remaining 183 days on home detention.
[4] On March 21, 2017, the Allen County Probation Department (probation
department) filed a notice of probation violation, alleging that Clark had failed
to complete court-ordered counseling sessions or pay fines and costs.
Thereafter, on April 11, 2017, Clark entered into a modification agreement with
the State that resulted in a six-month extension of his probation for violating the
conditions of probation.
[5] The probation department filed another petition to revoke Clark’s probation on
April 18, 2017, alleging that Clark had failed to attend and complete other
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-151 | July 29, 2020 Page 2 of 8 counseling sessions. Two days later, the trial court issued a warrant for Clark’s
arrest.
[6] On March 3, 2019, while the warrant was still active, Clark was arrested on
new charges under Cause F6-267 that included possession of a narcotic drug,
possession of a controlled substance, and possession of a synthetic drug or
synthetic drug lookalike substance. Thus, the State amended its petition to
revoke Clark’s probation on March 8, 2019.
[7] On April 15, 2019, Clark pled guilty to the charges in Cause F6-267 and
admitted to the probation violation alleged in Cause F6-680. The trial court
took the guilty pleas under advisement, placed Clark in a diversion program,
and terminated supervised probation. It was agreed that if Clark successfully
completed a program through the drug court, he would be discharged from
probation under Cause F6-680 and the charges under Cause F6-267 would be
dismissed.
[8] On June 3, 2019, Clark violated the rules imposed by the drug court and was
“sanctioned with jail time.” Appellant’s Appendix at 113. On November 18,
2019, the State filed a petition to terminate Clark’s participation in the drug
court program, alleging that Clark had committed additional criminal offenses
and had failed to attend and complete a counseling program. That same day,
Clark appeared in court with counsel and admitted to violating the terms and
conditions of the agreement. As a result, the trial court ordered Clark “revoked
from drug court.” Drug Court Transcript at 5.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-151 | July 29, 2020 Page 3 of 8 [9] At a dispositional and sentencing hearing on December 19, 2019, the trial court
identified Clark’s criminal record that consisted of three prior misdemeanor
convictions and one prior felony conviction, and “failed efforts at rehabilitation
covering a period of time from 2014 to 2019,” as aggravating factors. Sentencing
Transcript at 8. The trial court pointed out that Clark was “given the benefit of
short jail sentences, longer jail sentences, time in the alcohol countermeasures
program, active adult probation, home detention, and ultimately the drug court
program.” Id. The court further noted that Clark was on probation when he
committed the Cause F6-267 offenses. As a result, Clark was sentenced to a
term of one-and-one-half years of incarceration on each offense in Cause F6-
267 to run concurrently with each other, but consecutively to the sentence
imposed in Cause F6-680. The trial court revoked the previously suspended
one-year sentence in Cause F6-680 and ordered Clark to serve that term in the
DOC. Thus, Clark was ordered to serve an executed two-and-one-half-year
aggregate sentence in the DOC.
[10] Clark now appeals.
Discussion and Decision
[11] We initially observe that sentencing determinations are generally within the
trial court’s discretion, and we review a sentencing decision only for an abuse of
discretion. Fleming v. State, 143 N.E.3d 987, 989 (Ind. Ct. App. 2020). While
Clark frames his argument on appeal as an abuse of discretion challenge, he
actually argues that it was inappropriate for the trial court to impose a fully
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-151 | July 29, 2020 Page 4 of 8 executed sentence following the probation revocation under Cause F6-680 and
his convictions in Cause F6-267 “based on the nature of . . . the offenses along
with his character.” Appellant’s Brief at 14.
[12] We may revise a sentence authorized by statute if, after due consideration of the
trial court’s decision, we find the sentence inappropriate in light of the nature of
the offense and the character of the offender. Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B).
Deference to the trial court “prevail[s] unless overcome by compelling evidence
portraying in a positive light the nature of the offense (such as accompanied by
restraint, regard, and lack of brutality) and the defendant’s character (such as
substantial virtuous traits or persistent examples of good character).” Stephenson
v. State, 29 N.E.3d 111, 122 (Ind. 2015). It is the defendant’s burden to
persuade us that his sentence is inappropriate. Childress v. State, 848 N.E.2d
1073, 1080 (Ind. 2006).
[13] Our Supreme Court has determined that “[t]he place that a sentence is to be
served is an appropriate focus for application of our review and revise
authority.” Biddinger v. State, 868 N.E.2d 407, 414 (Ind. 2007). “Nonetheless, .
. . it will be quite difficult for a defendant to prevail on a claim that the
placement of his or her sentence is inappropriate.” Fonner v. State, 876 N.E.2d
340, 343 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). This is because the question under Indiana
Appellate Rule 7(B) is not whether another sentence is more appropriate; the
question is whether the sentence imposed is inappropriate. King v. State, 894
NE.2d 265, 268 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008). “A defendant challenging the placement
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-151 | July 29, 2020 Page 5 of 8 of a sentence must convince us that the given placement is itself inappropriate.”
Id.
[14] Probation, work release, and community corrections programs all serve as
alternatives to commitment to the DOC and are made at the sole discretion of
the trial court. See Ind. Code § 35-38-2-6-3(a); Cox v. State, 706 N.E.2d 547, 549
(Ind. 1999). A defendant is not entitled to serve a sentence in any of these
alternatives. Cox, 706 N.E.2d at 549. Rather, placement in these programs is a
“matter of grace” and a “conditional liberty that is a favor, not a right.” Treece
v. State, 10 N.E.3d 52, 56 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014), trans. denied.
[15] As to the nature of the offense, Clark’s conduct in committing the charged
offenses amounted to nothing more than that necessary to establish the
statutory elements of those crimes. As for Clark’s character, however, the
evidence demonstrated that he was given multiple opportunities to complete his
sentence for possession of a controlled substance under Cause F6-680 in an
alternative program. More specifically, Clark was permitted to serve one year
of his sentence on probation. However, Clark failed to follow the terms and
conditions of probation, and even after the trial court had extended his
probation for six months following an initial violation, an arrest warrant was
subsequently issued because of additional violations. And while that warrant
was active, Clark was arrested again and charged with the three drug offenses
under Cause F6-267.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-151 | July 29, 2020 Page 6 of 8 [16] As for Cause F6-267, the evidence demonstrated that Clark was afforded the
opportunity to participate in drug court and have those charges dismissed upon
successful completion of a rehabilitation program. Clark, however, was
terminated from the program because he was unsuccessfully discharged from a
counseling center, had missed a scheduled case management appointment, and
was subsequently arrested for committing yet another criminal offense.
[17] In March 2019, the probation department filed a report with the trial court,
stating that Clark had “been given many more chances than he should have
received to complete the program” and officers “tried and tried to work with
Mr. Clark [but,] [i]t [was] evident that he ha[d] no intention of following the
Court’s order.” Appellant’s Appendix at 39. The report concluded that Clark was
“no longer appropriate for probation.” Id. Clark admitted to violating the
terms of his probation and pled guilty to the three drug charges in Cause F6-
267.
[18] In sum, Clark demonstrated on numerous occasions that he is not successful
when situated in less restrictive placements. In fact, the trial court observed that
Clark’s efforts at rehabilitation failed over a five-year period. The trial court
was not required to give Clark another opportunity to participate in alternative
placement, and based on Clark’s criminal history, his repeated substance abuse,
and the many failed attempts at rehabilitation, we conclude that the trial court’s
order for Clark to serve his executed sentence in the DOC was not
inappropriate. Thus, we decline to revise Clark’s sentence.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-151 | July 29, 2020 Page 7 of 8 [19] Judgment affirmed.
Bailey, J. and Crone, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-CR-151 | July 29, 2020 Page 8 of 8