COURT OF APPEALS EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS EL PASO, TEXAS
ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY § AS SUBROGEE OF ANGELA J. No. 08-18-00019-CV VASQUEZ, § Appeal from the Appellant, § 205th District Court v. § of Hudspeth County, Texas JAROSLAV J. BARNET, § (TC# CV-04171-205) Appellee. §
OPINION
Appellant Allstate Insurance Company (Allstate), as a subrogee of Angela J. Vasquez,
attempts to appeal two orders of the trial court: (1) an order dismissing Allstate’s case for want of
prosecution; and (2) an order denying Allstate’s motion to reinstate. In its underlying suit, Allstate
alleged that Appellee Jaroslav J. Barnet (Barnet) negligently caused property damage to a vehicle
owned by its subrogee. Following the trial court’s dismissal of its case, Allstate filed a verified
motion to reinstate but failed to include a certificate of service asserting that a copy of the motion
had been provided to Barnet as required by Rule 165a(3) of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure.
As a result, we conclude that Allstate’s motion to reinstate did not extend the timetable for filing
a notice of appeal. Because Allstate did not timely file its notice of appeal, we dismiss for lack of
jurisdiction. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On October 21, 2011, Allstate filed an original petition alleging Jaroslav Barnet had, on
June 6, 2011, damaged a vehicle owned by Angela J. Vasquez by negligently causing an
automobile collision with the driver of the Vasquez vehicle. Allstate alleged in its petition that it
was a subrogee of Vasquez. The same day Allstate filed its petition, a citation for personal service
was issued for “JAROFLAZ VARNET,” whose residence was designated as being in
Albuquerque, New Mexico. No return of service was ever completed on this citation.
Over two years after the collision date, Allstate filed a motion for substituted service on
Barnet with a newly designated address in Elk Grove Village, Illinois. The motion, which was
filed on February 13, 2014, asserted that process had not yet been served because the process server
had, thus far, been unable to locate Barnet.1 Allstate requested that the trial court authorize service
either by delivering a copy of the petition and citation to anyone over 16 years of age at the Illinois
address, or by attaching a copy of said process to the front entryway or gate at the address. On
February 18, 2014, the trial court granted the motion and entered an order for substituted service
by either of the means requested.
On March 21, 2014, the Clerk of Hudspeth County issued a citation by certified mail
addressed to: “JAROSLAV J. BARNET, 836 S. ARLINGTON HEIGHTS #197, ELK GROVE
VILLAGE, IL 60007 (Or wherever she may be found)[.]” An affidavit of service included in the
1 A due-diligence affidavit from the process server was attached to the motion. In the affidavit, the process server attested that his full due and diligent effort consisted of the following: (1) on December 21, 2013, the process server discovered that the Illinois address belonged to a UPS store and confirmed that Barnet was not an employee. The clerk mentioned that the defendant could be a possible customer, but she would not confirm; and (2) on December 30, 2013, the process server called the UPS store and asked if he could fax a document to the store for placement “in box 187 for Barnet,” and he was told “yes.”
2 clerk’s record, but not file-stamped, averred that the petition and citation were served on March
31, 2014, by delivery to “Dale Prest/Owner,” at the address of 836 S. Arlington Heights #187, Elk
Grove Village, IL 60007, by substitute service. The delivery receipt (green card) included with
the affidavit, however, showed that the article that was addressed to “Jaroslav J. Barnet, 836 S. Ari
Heights Rd #197, Elk Grove Village, IL, 60007-3667,” was received by “R.S. Johnston, Agent,”
on April 1, 2014. Two months later, on June 16, 2014, Allstate filed a motion for substitution of
counsel, which certified it had been served on Allstate’s prior counsel and on Great West Casualty
Company. The motion, however, failed to certify that a copy was served on Barnet. On June 23,
2014, the trial court granted Allstate’s motion. No further activity occurred for nearly three years.
On May 1, 2017, Allstate filed a motion for default judgment asserting that Barnet had
failed to answer after being properly served with process and the deadline for answering had
passed.2 In its motion, Allstate alleged that “[Barnet], by virtue of his failure to appear, has
admitted all material allegations of Plaintiff’s Petition in this cause.” No further activity seemingly
occurred on Allstate’s default motion, and instead, the County and District Clerk of Hudspeth
County sent a notice to Allstate and to “Jaroflaz Varnet,” dated July 5, 2017, by first-class mail,
notifying each to appear “for a civil docket hearing,” on July 20, 2017, at 9 a.m. The envelope
addressed to “Jaroflaz Varnet,” at 3827 Montgomery Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87109-1077,
was later returned to the clerk with a label marked, “Return to Sender, Insufficient Address, Unable
to Forward, Return to Sender.” On July 21, 2017, the trial court entered an order of dismissal. In
its order, the trial court recited that neither plaintiff nor its counsel were present at the hearing set
2 Barnet did not enter an appearance in either the court below or this Court nor did he file a brief in response to this appeal. We express no opinion on whether Barnet has been validly served with process as the issue is not presented for our review. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(f).
3 for July 20, 2017, and that the case was dismissed pursuant to Rule 165a of the Texas Rules of
Civil Procedure and the trial court’s inherent power.
On July 24, 2017, Allstate filed a motion to reinstate pursuant to Rule 165a of the Texas
Rules of Civil Procedure. Allstate’s motion stated, “counsel, though in receipt of the Notice of the
Dismissal Docket, was currently undergoing medical treatment, and his on going serious medical
issues inhibit his ability to travel.” As before, Allstate’s motion lacked a certificate of service
attesting that a copy of the motion was served on Barnet. In setting a hearing on the motion, the
trial court ordered Allstate’s attorney to appear in person on August 3, 2017, at 8 a.m.3
On August 3, 2017, the trial court issued an order granting Allstate’s motion to reinstate.
Thereafter, on October 26, 2017, the County and District Clerk of Hudspeth County sent a second
notice to Allstate and to “Jaroflaz Varnet,” notifying each to appear “for a civil docket hearing”
on November 16, 2017, at 1 p.m. Two first class envelopes addressed to Barnet were mailed by
the clerk on the same day, one to Albuquerque, New Mexico, and the other to Elk Grove Village,
Illinois. On November 16, 2017, the envelope addressed to Barnet in Albuquerque was returned
with a label noting it was returned for insufficient address and could not be forwarded. The day
after the hearing date, or November 17, 2017, the trial court entered another order of dismissal. In
its second order of dismissal, the trial court recited that the plaintiff and its counsel again failed to
appear. The order further recited that the trial court dismissed the case pursuant to Rule 165a and
the trial court’s inherent power due to counsel’s “complete disregard for the orders of this Court,
3 Our record includes a letter dated July 26, 2017, addressed to Barnet at the address in Elk Grove Village, Illinois, notifying him of a hearing on the Motion to Reinstate after Dismissal and Motion for Default Judgment set for August 26, 2017, at 1 p.m.; and a second letter dated July 27, 2017, addressed to Barnet at the same address, notifying him of a hearing on the Motion to Reinstate after Dismissal and Motion for Default Judgment beginning promptly at 1 p.m. on August 17, 2017.
4 as well as his dilatory practices which significantly interfere with the efficient administration of
the Court’s docket[.]”
On December 16, 2017, at 4:34 p.m., Allstate efiled a second motion to reinstate to the
District and County Clerk’s office.4 Although counsel representing Allstate included a notarized
verification of the facts alleged in the motion, once again, there was no certificate of service
attesting that a copy of the motion had been served on Barnet. In its motion, Allstate claimed that
its failure to appear was based on lack of receipt of the notice setting a hearing for November 16,
2017. Counsel for Allstate claimed he had recently retired and had planned to handle only limited
cases that were near conclusion. Accordingly, he had submitted a change of address in anticipation
of closing his law office on September 30, 2017. Counsel further alleged that an employee of the
clerk’s office confirmed that the notice of the hearing had been sent to the law firm’s prior address
but had not been signed for by anyone there.5 Beyond questioning receipt of notice of the hearing,
counsel further stated that a medical appointment involving a member of his family had caused
him to reset hearings in all his cases which had been set on the same day. Within the motion,
Allstate’s counsel urged the court to review the previously filed motion for default and decide
whether a hearing was necessary. Lastly, Allstate requested that the cause be reinstated on the
trial court’s docket and for such other relief to which it was justly entitled.
On January 10, 2018, the trial court entered an order denying the second motion to reinstate.
In so doing, the trial court first noted that Barnet had been arguably served with process through
4 Although the motion is date-stamped as “Filed 12/18/2017 12:00 AM,” the Case Management Index from the Hudspeth District Clerk’s Office included an entry noting that: “Motion to Reinstate – Efiled on 12/16/2017 4:34 PM.” 5 This allegation from Allstate is belied by a notice of change of address filed in the District Clerk’s office on December 28, 2017, after Allstate filed its second motion to reinstate.
5 substituted service but not until April 1, 2014. But the trial court also noted that the delivery
receipt on file showed service on “R.S. Johnston,” who is not a party to the suit and for whom no
pleading indicates he has any relationship to Barnet. Secondly, the order recited that there was no
good cause shown, nor any explanation from Allstate, for the six-year delay in prosecuting the
case. The order also recited that Allstate’s second motion to reinstate was based on “excuses
aimed, in part, at blaming others,” and that the trial court’s own review of the docket revealed that
no change of address notification was filed by Allstate’s counsel until December 28, 2017. Finally,
the order recited that “[c]ounsel’s explanation that he did not receive notification of the hearing is
not credible.” On February 8, 2018, Allstate filed a notice of appeal challenging the trial court’s
second order of dismissal signed on November 17, 2017, and the court’s order denying Allstate’s
second motion to reinstate entered on January 10, 2018.6 Although later amended, the initial notice
of appeal contained a certificate of service reflecting that a copy of the pleading was served not on
Barnet but on the Clerk of this Court.
DISCUSSION
On appeal, Allstate presents three issues. In Issue One, Allstate contends that the trial court
erred in dismissing the case because it unreasonably failed to rule on Allstate’s motion for default
judgment for over eight months. In Issue Two, Allstate contends that the trial court erred by
dismissing the case for want of prosecution. In Issue Three, Allstate contends that the trial court
erred by denying its second motion to reinstate without a hearing. Before addressing the issues
presented, we turn first to confirm our appellate jurisdiction.
6 We note that Allstate’s Notice of Appeal incorrectly describes the trial court’s order dismissing the case as being dated November 16, 2017.
6 Jurisdictional Analysis
No party has asserted that Allstate failed to timely file its notice of appeal, however, we
must consider sua sponte issues affecting our jurisdiction. See State ex rel. Best v. Harper, 562
S.W.3d 1, 7 (Tex. 2018); M.O. Dental Lab v. Rape, 139 S.W.3d 671, 673 (Tex. 2004) (per curiam).
An appellate court generally has jurisdiction over a case if a notice of appeal is filed either within
30 days after the appealable order is signed, or within 90 days after the appealable order is signed
if a party timely files one of the pleadings listed in Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 26.1. See
TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1(a); Butts v. Capitol City Nursing Home, Inc., 705 S.W.2d 696, 697 (Tex.
1986) (per curiam); Young v. Di Ferrante, 553 S.W.3d 125, 128 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
2018, pet. denied). A motion to reinstate under Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 165a is listed as an
exception that extends the 30-day deadline of Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 26.1. See TEX.
R. APP. P. 26.1(a)(3). To extend the time for perfecting an appeal, the Texas Supreme Court has
held that a proper motion to reinstate must be verified and filed with the clerk within 30 days of
the order of dismissal. McConnell v. May, 800 S.W.2d 194, 194 (Tex. 1990) (per curiam); Butts,
705 S.W.2d at 697. An unverified motion is a nullity and does not extend the trial court’s plenary
jurisdiction or the deadlines for perfecting an appeal. See In re Garcia, 94 S.W.3d 832, 833
(Tex.App.—Corpus Christi-Edinburg 2002, no pet.) (citing McConnell, 800 S.W.2d at 194).
The date the order of dismissal is signed determines the beginning of the period of the
court’s plenary power to grant a motion to reinstate where a case has been dismissed for want of
prosecution. TEX. R. CIV. P. 306a(1). If a plaintiff receives timely notice of the dismissal of its
suit, the plaintiff must file a motion to reinstate within 30 days after the trial court signs the order
of dismissal. TEX. R. CIV. P. 165a(3). When the order of dismissal is signed, the clerk of the court
7 must immediately give notice to the parties or their attorneys of record by first-class mail advising
that the order was signed. TEX. R. CIV. P. 306a(3). If within 20 days after the order of dismissal
is signed, a party adversely affected by it or his attorney has neither received the notice required
by Rule 306a(3), nor acquired actual knowledge of the order, then with respect to that party all the
periods mentioned in Rule 306a(1) shall begin on the date that such party or his attorney receives
such notice or acquires actual knowledge of the signing, whichever occurs first, but in no event
shall such period begin more than 90 days after the order of dismissal was signed. TEX. R. CIV. P.
306a(4). Compliance with the time periods prescribed by Rules 165a and 306a is a jurisdictional
prerequisite. Memorial Hosp. of Galveston County v. Gillis, 741 S.W.2d 364, 365 (Tex. 1987)
(per curiam); In re J.S., 392 S.W.3d 334, 337 (Tex.App.—El Paso 2013, no pet.).
A motion to reinstate stands as the only remedy available to a party when the trial court
has dismissed its case for want of prosecution. See Sierra Club v. Texas Comm’n on Envtl. Quality,
188 S.W.3d 220, 222 (Tex.App.—Austin 2005, no pet) (citing Gilbert v. Huber, Hunt, Nichols,
Inc., 671 S.W.2d 869, 870 (Tex. 1984) (per curiam)). By its plain text, Rule 165a(3) imposes
distinct requirements on parties seeking reinstatement after dismissal of a case for want of
prosecution. TEX. R. CIV. P. 165a(3). In pertinent part, Rule 165a(3) provides as follows:
A motion to reinstate shall set forth the grounds therefor and be verified by the movant or his attorney. It shall be filed with the clerk within 30 days after the order of dismissal is signed or within the period provided by Rule 306a. A copy of the motion to reinstate shall be served on each attorney of record and each party not represented by an attorney whose address is shown on the docket or in the papers on file. The clerk shall deliver a copy of the motion to the judge, who shall set a hearing on the motion as soon as practicable. The court shall notify all parties or their attorneys of record of the date, time and place of the hearing.
TEX. R. CIV. P. 165a(3). In short, a party’s motion for reinstatement shall (1) “set forth the grounds
therefor[;]” (2) “be verified by the movant or his attorney[;]” (3) “be filed with the clerk within 30
8 days after the order of dismissal is signed or within the period provided by Rule 306a[;]” and (4)
“[a] copy of the motion to reinstate shall be served on each attorney of record and each party not
represented by an attorney whose address is shown on the docket or in the papers on file.” Id.
When a party seeking reinstatement meets Rule 165a(3) prerequisites, the trial court must
set a hearing as soon as practicable. See Gulf Coast Inv. Corp. v. NASA 1 Business Center, 754
S.W.2d 152, 153 (Tex. 1988) (per curiam) (“It is clear that an oral hearing is required on any timely
filed motion to reinstate under TEX. R. CIV. P. 165a.”); Thordson v. City of Houston, 815 S.W.2d
550, 550 (Tex. 1991) (per curiam) (finding that the trial court had no discretion about whether to
set a hearing where there is no dispute that movant properly requested a hearing on a timely filed
motion to reinstate); see also In re Marriage of Salas, No. 12–12–00237–CV, 2012 WL 5031429,
at *2 (Tex.App.—Tyler Oct. 17, 2012, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“Once a motion to reinstate meets the
threshold requirements of being timely filed and verified, a hearing must be held on it regardless
of whether the motion states meritorious grounds or whether the facts verified in the motion are
sufficient to sustain the movant’s burden of proof to warrant reinstatement.”); Reed v. City of
Dallas, 774 S.W.2d 384, 385 (Tex.App.—Dallas 1989, writ denied) (trial court has no discretion
as to whether to grant oral hearing on timely and properly verified motion to reinstate). A timely
filed motion to reinstate gives a plaintiff one last chance to convince the trial court to restore the
case to the docket, permits the plaintiff to make a record for appeal, and extends the court’s plenary
power and the appellate deadlines. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 165a(3); Thordson, 815 S.W.2d at 550.
Application
Here, because the trial court signed its order of dismissal on November 17, 2017, the
ordinary filing deadline of thirty days for a notice of appeal would fall on December 18, 2017, if
9 no exception applied.7 The clerk’s record in this instance, however, shows no evidence of the
clerk sending a Rule 306a notice of the trial court’s dismissal of the case to the parties or their
attorneys of record. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 306a(3). Therefore, the period prescribed for the filing of
the motion to reinstate began on the date that Allstate or its attorney received notice or acquired
actual knowledge of the signing of the dismissal, whichever occurs first, but in no event more than
90 days after November 17, 2017. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 165a(3) and 306a(4).
The record establishes that Allstate efiled its verified motion to reinstate on Saturday,
December 16, 2017, at 4:34 p.m., or 29 days after the signing of the trial court’s dismissal order
on November 17, 2017. At minimum, this pleading establishes the date Allstate first learned of
the dismissal given that no other evidence of record shows that Allstate had been earlier notified
or had acquired knowledge of the court’s order of dismissal. Thereafter, on January 10, 2018, the
trial court signed an order denying Allstate’s motion to reinstate reciting that the court considered
the motion sua sponte. On February 8, 2018, Allstate then filed its notice of appeal challenging
both the order of dismissal and the order denying the motion to reinstate.
As a prerequisite to the court’s obligation to set a hearing on a motion to reinstate, the plain
text of Rule 165a(3) requires a timely motion stating its grounds, verification by the movant or its
attorney, and service of a copy of the motion on each attorney of record and each party not
represented by an attorney whose address is shown on the docket or in the papers on file. See TEX.
R. CIV. P. 165a(3). Rule 21a of the Rules of Civil Procedure provides that, when service of a
motion is required, then the party or attorney of record “shall certify to the court compliance with
7 Because the thirtieth day after the signing of the order of dismissal falls on Sunday, December 17, 2017, any deadline of 30-days’ length would fall on Monday, December 18, 2017. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 4.
10 this rule in writing over signature and on the filed instrument.” See TEX. R. CIV. P. 21a(e). Rule
21a further provides that a certificate by a party or an attorney of record shall be prima facie
evidence of the fact of service. Id.
On review, we note that Allstate’s motion for reinstatement fails to certify that Barnet was
served with a copy at the address shown in the papers on file as required by Rule 165a(3). See
TEX. R. CIV. P. 165a(3). When faced with a lack of verification on a motion for reinstatement,
courts have held that such motion does not comply with Rule 165a(3)’s requirements. See Butts,
705 S.W.2d at 697; McConnell, 800 S.W.2d at 194; Young, 553 S.W.3d at 128; Twist v. McAllen
Nat. Bank, 294 S.W.3d 255, 263-64 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi-Edinburg 2009, no pet.) (rejecting
attorney’s verification which did not indicate that he had personal knowledge of any facts). We
find the lack of a certificate of service on a motion to reinstate to be analogous to a lack of proper
verification given that both requirements are mandatory based on express terms of Rule 165a(3).
Cf. Butts, 705 S.W.2d at 697; McConnell, 800 S.W.2d at 194; Young, 553 S.W.3d at 128; Twist,
294 S.W.3d at 263-64.
In Twist, the Corpus Christi-Edinburg Court of Appeals compared Rule 165a(3)’s
verification requirement with the verification required in Rule 93 of the Texas Rules of Civil
Procedure and found that sound reasoning underscored the requirement of verification given that
a party filing a motion to reinstate “will likely be raising arguments based on facts that do not
appear of record … to explain the lack of activity in a case.” Twist, 294 S.W.3d at 261. We
believe that the reasoning supporting verification applies equally to the requirement of a certificate
of service to attest that a copy of the motion has been served on the other party. Indeed, our
disciplinary rules establish that any communication with a court about a lawsuit that is not served
11 on opposing counsel is an improper ex parte communication unless there is a specific exception.
See TEX. DISCIPLINARY R. PROF’L CONDUCT 3.05(b)(2). We conclude that Allstate’s motion for
reinstatement, which lacks a certificate of service on Barnet at his address shown on the docket or
in the papers on file, does not comply with Rule 165a(3)’s requirements. Cf. Butts, 705 S.W.2d at
697; McConnell, 800 S.W.2d at 194; Young, 553 S.W.3d at 128.
Given that Allstate’s motion to reinstate failed to meet threshold requirements of Rule
165a(3), the motion is deemed a nullity and did not operate to extend the timetable for filing a
notice of appeal. Cf. McConnell, 800 S.W.2d at 194; In re Garcia, 94 S.W.3d at 833. The deadline
to perfect this appeal fell on Monday, December 18, 2017, or 30 days after the date the dismissal
order was signed taking into account that the last day fell on a Sunday. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 4.
Allstate did not file its notice of appeal until February 8, 2018, or 52 days after the expiration of
the jurisdictional deadline. See TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1. Absent a timely filed notice of appeal or
extension request, we must dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction. See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.1(b);
Chavez v. Housing Authority of City of El Paso, 897 S.W.2d 523, 527 (Tex.App.—El Paso 1995,
writ denied) (material errors as to the timing of a perfection deprived the Court of jurisdiction).
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, we dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction and without need to address the
issues presented.
GINA M. PALAFOX, Justice October 14, 2019
Before Alley, C.J., Rodriguez, and Palafox, JJ.