Allen v. City of Carmel

830 F. Supp. 482, 1993 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12431, 1993 WL 345159
CourtDistrict Court, S.D. Indiana
DecidedSeptember 3, 1993
DocketNo. IP 92-927 C
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 830 F. Supp. 482 (Allen v. City of Carmel) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, S.D. Indiana primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Allen v. City of Carmel, 830 F. Supp. 482, 1993 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12431, 1993 WL 345159 (S.D. Ind. 1993).

Opinion

ENTRY

BARKER, District Judge.

Plaintiff Donald W. Allen (“Allen”) brings a procedural due process claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and Ind. Code § 36-8-3-4 maintaining that Defendant, City of Carmel, Indiana (“Carmel”), demoted him from the position of Assistant Chief of Police to Lieutenant without a notice and hearing as required by Ind. Code § 36-8-3-4. We find that Allen has no protectible property interest in his position and therefore grant Carmel’s motion and deny Allen’s motion for summary judgment.

BACKGROUND

The Carmel Police Department hired Allen on September 26, 1977. He received several promotions and on January 18, 1988, the Carmel Board of Works and Public Safety (“Board”) promoted Allen to the rank of Major. On November 14, 1991, the Board passed Resolution 11-4-91-2 (“Resolution”) reaffirming Allen’s promotion:

We, The Carmel Board of Public Works & Safety, at the request and insistence of Mayor Dorothy Hancock, hereby affirm that the following officers of the Carmel Police Department were appointed to the permanent rank of Major as follows: ... 2. Major Donald W. Major of the Carmel Police Department effective January 19, 1988.

The rank of Major qualified as an “upper level policy making position” under Ind. Code § 36-8-1-12.1 On January 1, 1989, Allen was appointed to Assistant Chief and on November 22, 1991, he was appointed Chief of the Carmel Police Department. On January 1, 1992, the Board demoted Allen to the rank of Lieutenant. The Board explained its action in Resolution 92-2-5, stating that it only had the authority to appoint members and other employees of the police department other than those in an upper level policy making position. In April 1992, Allen was offered a position as Administrative Assistant to the Board of Public Works. He declined the offer on May 1, 1992.

[484]*484Allen claims that Indiana Code § 36-8-3-4(c) entitled him to a hearing before his demotion. The section provides:

Before a member of a police or fire department may be suspended in excess of five (5) days, demoted, or dismissed, the safety board shall offer the member an opportunity for a hearing, if demanded. Written notice shall be given either by service upon the member in person or by a copy left at the member’s last and usual place of residence.

Carmel responds that Allen falls within Ind. Code § 36-&-3-4(m), a statutory exception to the above provision which states:

The executive may reduce in grade any member of the police or fire department who holds an upper level policy making position. The reduction in grade may be made without adhering to the requirements of subsections (b) through (1). However, a member may not be reduced in grade to a rank below that which the member held before the member’s appointment to the upper level policy making position, (emphasis added).

Both parties have stipulated that Allen’s position before his demotion was an “upper level policy making position.” Stipulation of Fact ¶8. Allen, however, contends that § 36-8-3-4(m) does not control this case because the Board’s promotion, rather than appointment, of Allen to the rank of permanent Major conferred on him a protectible property interest.

SUMMARY JUDGMENT STANDARD

Under Rule 56(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, summary judgment is proper “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” Fed.R.Civ. Proc. 56(c). In passing on a motion for summary judgment, the judge’s role is not to evaluate the weight of the evidence or determine the truth of the matter, but it is instead to decide whether there is a genuine issue for trial. See Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 249, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 2510, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). The burden rests squarely on the party moving for summary judgment to show “that there is an absence of evidence to support the nonmoving party’s case.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 325, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 2554, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). If doubts remain as to the existence of a material fact, then those doubts should be resolved in favor of the nonmoving party and summary judgment denied. See Wolf v. City of Fitchburg, 870 F.2d 1327, 1330 (7th Cir.1989).

§ 1983 CLAIM

Both parties seek summary judgment on Allen’s § 1983 claim. In order to bring a due process claim under the Fourteenth Amendment, the plaintiff must have a protectible property interest and must be deprived of that interest without due process of law. See Perry v. Sindermann, 408 U.S. 593, 599, 92 S.Ct. 2694, 2698-99, 33 L.Ed.2d 570 (1972). In Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 577, 92 S.Ct. 2701, 2709, 33 L.Ed.2d 548 (1972), the Supreme Court defined the scope of property interests under the 14th Amendment:

To have a property interest in a benefit, a person clearly must have more than an abstract need or desire for it. He must have more than a unilateral expectation of it. He must, instead, have a legitimate claim of entitlement to it____ Property interests, of course, are not created by the Constitution. Rather, they are created and their dimensions are defined by existing rules or understandings that stem from an independent source such as state law— rules or understandings that secure certain benefits and that support claims of entitlement to those benefits.

In Bishop v. Wood, 426 U.S. 341, 344, 96 S.Ct. 2074, 2077, 48 L.Ed.2d 684 (1976), the Supreme Court made it clear that “the sufficiency of the claim of entitlement must be determined by reference to state law.” Where state law mandates that a government employee cannot be fired except “for cause”, state law creates “property” which cannot be taken away without procedural due process. See Cleveland Bd. of Educ. v. Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532, 105 S.Ct. 1487, 84 L.Ed.2d 494 [485]*485(1985); Schultz v. Baumgart, 738 F.2d 231

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Bluebook (online)
830 F. Supp. 482, 1993 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12431, 1993 WL 345159, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/allen-v-city-of-carmel-insd-1993.