Alishia Hopkins v. Kilolo Kijakazi

• Court: District Court, C.D. California
• Decided: April 21, 2023
• Docket: 5:22-cv-00496
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10

12 ALISHIA H., Case No. 5:22-cv-00496-GJS 13 Plaintiff, v. MEMORANDUM OPINION AND 14 ORDER KILOLO KIJAKAZI, Acting 15 Commissioner of Social Security,

16 Defendant. 17 18 I. PROCEDURAL HISTORY 19 Plaintiff Alishia H.1 filed a Complaint seeking review of the decision of the 20 Commissioner of Social Security denying her applications for a period of disability 21 and Disability Insurance Benefits (“DIB”) and for Supplemental Security Income 22 (“SSI”) payments. The parties filed consents to proceed before a United States 23 Magistrate Judge (ECF Nos. 13, 29), and briefs (ECF Nos. 22 (“Pl.’s Br.”), 27 24 (“Def.’s Br.”), 28 (“Pl.’s Reply Br.”) addressing the disputed issues in the case. The 25 matter is now ready for decision. For the reasons set forth below, the Court finds 26

27 1 In the interest of privacy, this Order uses only the first name and last initial of 28 the non-governmental party in this case. 1 2 3 II. ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION UNDER REVIEW 4 Plaintiff filed an application for DIB and SSI payments on January 28, 2020, 5 and December 13, 2019, respectively, alleging disability commencing on September 6 10, 2016. (ECF Nos., 15, 19, Administrative Record (“AR”) 15; see also AR 291, 7 297.) Plaintiff’s application was denied at the initial level of review and on 8 reconsideration. (AR 15, 92-93, 134-35.) A telephonic hearing was held before 9 Administrative Law Judge Josephine Arno (“the ALJ”) on July 6, 2021. (AR 15- 10 29.) 11 On September 27, 2021, the ALJ issued an unfavorable decision applying the 12 five-step sequential evaluation process for assessing disability. (AR 15-29); see 20 13 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(b)-(g)(1), 416.1520(b)-(b)(1). At step one, the ALJ determined 14 that Plaintiff has not engaged in substantial gainful activity since the alleged onset 15 date. (AR 17.) At step two, the ALJ determined that Plaintiff has the following 16 severe impairments: breast cancer, status post lumpectomy and chemotherapy; 17 bipolar disorder; anxiety disorder; and major depressive disorder. (AR 17.) At step 18 three, the ALJ determined that Plaintiff does not have an impairment or combination 19 of impairments that meets or medically equals the severity of one of the 20 impairments listed in Appendix 1 of the Regulations. (AR 18); see 20 C.F.R. pt. 21 404, subpt. P, app. 1. The ALJ found that Plaintiff has the residual functional 22 capacity (“RFC”) to perform light work, as defined in 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1567(b), 23 404.967(b), as follows:

24 [She] is occasionally able to climb ladders, ropes, or scaffolds; she may 25 frequently climb ramps or stairs; she may frequently balance, stoop, kneel, crouch, or crawl; she is able to understand, remember and carry 26 out simple, routine work tasks but not at a production rate pace, for example, no assembly line jobs; she may tolerate occasional workplace 27 changes; she may have occasional interaction with coworkers and supervisors; and she may have no contact with the public. 28 1 2 past relevant work as a recreation leader, and a home attendant. (AR 26-27.) At 3 step five, based on the testimony of the vocational expert (“VE”), the ALJ found 4 that Plaintiff could perform other jobs existing in significant numbers in the national 5 economy, including representative jobs such as a houskeeping cleaner, a marker, 6 and an investigator, dealer accounts. (AR 27-28.) Based on these findings, the ALJ 7 found Plaintiff not disabled through the date of the decision. (AR 29.) 8 The Appeals Council denied review of the ALJ’s decision on January 26, 9 2022. (AR 1-5.) This action followed. 10 11 III. GOVERNING STANDARD 12 Under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), the Court reviews the Commissioner’s decision to 13 determine if: (1) the Commissioner’s findings are supported by substantial 14 evidence; and (2) the Commissioner used correct legal standards. See Carmickle v. 15 Comm’r Soc. Sec. Admin., 533 F.3d 1155, 1159 (9th Cir. 2008); Brewes v. Comm’r 16 Soc. Sec. Admin., 682 F.3d 1157, 1161 (9th Cir. 2012). “Substantial evidence . . . is 17 ‘more than a mere scintilla’ . . . [i]t means -- and only means -- ‘such relevant 18 evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.’” 19 Biestek v. Berryhill, 139 S. Ct. 1148, 1154 (2019) (citations omitted); Gutierrez v. 20 Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 740 F.3d 519, 522-23 (9th Cir. 2014) (internal quotation marks 21 and citation omitted). 22 The Court will uphold the Commissioner’s decision when “the evidence is 23 susceptible to more than one rational interpretation.” See Molina v. Astrue, 674 24 F.3d 1104, 1110 (9th Cir. 2012), superseded on other grounds by 20 C.F.R. § 25 404.1502(a). However, the Court may review only the reasons stated by the ALJ in 26 his decision “and may not affirm the ALJ on a ground upon which he did not rely.” 27 Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 630 (9th Cir. 2007). The Court will not reverse the 28 1 2 “inconsequential to the ultimate nondisability determination, or if despite the legal 3 error, the agency’s path may reasonably be discerned.” Brown-Hunter v. Colvin, 4 806 F.3d 487, 492 (9th Cir. 2015) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). 5 6 IV. DISCUSSION 7 Plaintiff raises the following issues challenging the ALJ’s findings and 8 determination of non-disability: (1) the ALJ erred by failing to adopt or explain her 9 rejection of portions of the opinion of consulting examiner Kim Chronister, Psy.D. 10 (Pl.’s Br. 1); and (2) the ALJ failed to properly evaluate Plaintiff’s subjective 11 symptom testimony relating to her mental health issues. (Pl.’s Br. 1.) The Court 12 addresses Plaintiff’s second issue first and, as set forth below, the Court finds that 13 remand is appropriate. 14 15 A. SUBJECTIVE SYMPTOM TESTIMONY 16 1. Legal Standard 17 In evaluating a claimant’s subjective symptom testimony, an ALJ must 18 engage in a two-step analysis. See Lingenfelter v. Astrue, 504 F.3d 1028, 1035-36 19 (9th Cir. 2007); 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529(c). First, the ALJ must determine whether the 20 claimant has presented objective medical evidence of an underlying impairment 21 which “could reasonably be expected to produce the pain or other symptoms 22 alleged.” Lingenfelter, 504 F.3d at 1036 (quoting Bunnell v. Sullivan, 947 F.2d 341, 23 344 (9th Cir. 1991) (en banc)). Second, if the claimant meets the first step and there 24 is no evidence of malingering, “the ALJ can reject the claimant’s testimony about 25 the severity of her symptoms only by offering specific, clear and convincing reasons 26 for doing so.” Id. at 1036 (quoting Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1281 (9th Cir. 27 1996) (internal quotation marks omitted)). At the same time, the “ALJ is not 28 1 2 would be available for the asking, a result plainly contrary to the Social Security 3 Act.” Smartt v. Kijakazi, 53 F.4th 489, 499 (9th Cir. 2022) (citation and internal 4 quotation marks omitted). 5 6 2. Analysis 7 The ALJ summarized Plaintiff’s subjective symptom testimony as follows:

8 [Plaintiff] testified she stopped working [in 2016] due to mental health 9 issues, asserting she experienced a mental breakdown for which she had to seek treatment. [She] alleged she continued to struggle with mental 10 health problems despite seeing a psychiatrist and taking psychotropic medications. She complained of experiencing depression, confusion, 11 concentration and memory deficits, and social anxiety. She maintained she experienced difficulty concentrating and had memory deficits on a 12 daily basis and mentioned forgetting doctor’s appointments as an 13 example. Moreover, [she] maintained her anxiety and depression symptoms had become more severe since her [2019] cancer diagnosis 14 and subsequent treatment. [¶] . . . As a result of her chemotherapy treament, [she] complained of memory problems, forgetfulness, and 15 confusion. 16 (AR 20.) Plaintiff also generally testified that physically she has difficulty with 17 simple tasks due to fatigue, body aches, and pain and numbness in her hands and 18 feet, and was told that her memory and concentration deficits were related to 19 chemotherapy, which caused her forgetfulness and confusion. (AR 40-43.) She 20 also stated she usually has to rest by the middle of the day due to fatigue and body 21 pain, takes medications for sleep and anxiety, and would struggle with simple work 22 tasks due to poor focus and needing breaks due to fatigue. (AR 42-43.) 23 The ALJ first found that although Plaintiff’s medically determinable 24 impairments could reasonably be expected to cause some of the alleged symptoms, 25 her “statements concerning the intensity, persistence and limiting effects of these 26 symptoms are inconsistent with the residual functional capacity assessment herein.” 27 (AR 20 (emphasis added).) The Court observes that “[b]ecause the claimant’s 28 1 2 claimant’s RFC, it cannot be discredited because it is inconsistent with that RFC.” 3 Laborin v. Berryhill, 867 F.3d 1151, 1154 (9th Cir. 2017). Thus, the ALJ cannot 4 “properly evaluate the claimant’s credibility based on a predetermined RFC” and, to 5 do so, “puts the cart before the horse.” Id. at 1154 & n.4. That is because, without 6 more, the Court cannot simply infer from that language “‘that the ALJ rejected [the 7 claimant’s] testimony to the extent it conflicted with the medical evidence’” as 8 summarized by the ALJ. Id. at 1154-55 (quoting Treichler v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. 9 Admin., 775 F.3d 1090, 1103 (9th Cir. 2014) (alteration in original). Indeed, the use 10 of this language by the ALJ implies that she arrived at an RFC determination for 11 sedentary work with various limitations and then found that plaintiff’s subjective 12 symptom testimony supported that determination, rather than conducting a 13 “thorough discussion and analysis of the objective medical and other evidence, 14 including the individual’s complaints of pain and other symptoms” and taking that 15 information “into account when determining the RFC.” Id. at 1153 (citing Garrison 16 v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1011 (9th Cir. 2014)) (emphases added). This is an 17 insufficient basis for discrediting testimony, but the error may be harmless if the 18 ALJ provides other legally sufficient reasons for discounting the claimant’s 19 testimony. Id. at 1154-55. As discussed below, the ALJ did not provide any legally 20 sufficient reasons for discounting plaintiff’s testimony. Thus, the error in this case 21 was not harmless. 22 The ALJ also found that the record evidence was not consistent with 23 Plaintiff’s subjective symptom allegations regarding her mental impairment 24 limitations:

25 The undersigned has considered [Plaintiff’s] allegations regarding the 26 severity of her mental impairments and resulting functional limitations, but finds her assertions were not consistent with the objective medical 27 findings in the record. The record indicated the longitudinal finings of ongoing depression and anxiety symptoms for which [she] received 28 1 generally indicated [Plaintiff’s] symptoms waxed and waned in severity, 2 as on certain dates her mood was noted to be irritable and anxious, while on other dates her mood was noted to be euthymic. On limited treatment 3 dates [she] reported she experienced passive suicidal ideations. However, the undersigned noted [Plaintiff] has never been hospitalized 4 due to an exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms, episodes of decompensation, or feeling suicidal. She has not required emergency 5 room treatment due to an exacerbation of mental health symptoms. 6 Furthermore, the record did not contain any mental health treatment since approximately April 2020, and consequently, it was difficult to 7 corroborate [her] assertions that her mental health symptoms had actually become more severe in the aftermath of her cancer treatment. 8 Accordingly, the undersigned finds the evidence of record was not 9 consistent with [Plaintiff’s] allegations.[2]

10 (AR 20.) 11 To the extent the ALJ suggests that Plaintiff’s subjective symptom testimony 12 should be discounted (or that she should be found not disabled) because she had 13 never been hospitalized due to her psychiatric symptoms, or received emergency 14 mental health treatment, such an inference has been rejected by the Ninth Circuit. 15 Cf. Schiaffino v. Saul, 799 F. App’x 473, 476 (9th Cir. Jan. 9, 2020) (holding that 16 “[h]ospitalization is not required to show that mental health conditions such as 17 PTSD, OCD, and anxiety are disabling from employment”) (citable for its 18 persuasive value pursuant to Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3). Likewise, that a person who 19 suffers from panic attacks, anxiety, and depression “makes some improvement does 20 not mean that the person’s impairments no longer seriously affect her.” Holohan v. 21 Massanari, 246 F.3d 1195, 1205 (9th Cir. 2001). 22 Here, although the ALJ acknowledged that Plaintiff’s symptoms “waxed and 23 waned” in severity, she did not explicitly state the significance of this finding as it 24 relates to Plaintiff’s subjective symptom testimony. In any event, in the context of 25 2 The ALJ made similar findings regarding Plaintiff’s subjective complaints 26 regarding residual physical symptoms from her cancer treatment, “including fatigue, 27 generalized pain, and swelling and numbness in her extremities,” finding that Plaintiff’s “assertions that her symptoms were ongoing with no improvement were 28 not consistent with the medical evidence of record.” (AR 21.) 1 2 unexpected. As the Ninth Circuit recently explained, “[c]ycles of improvement and 3 debilitating symptoms are a common occurrence, and in such circumstances it is 4 error for an ALJ to pick out a few isolated instances of improvement over a period 5 of months or years and to treat them as a basis for concluding a claimant is capable 6 of working.” Garrison, 759 F.3d at 1017 (citing Holohan, 246 F.3d at 1205); see 7 also Scott v. Astrue, 647 F.3d 734, 739-40 (7th Cir. 2011) (citations omitted) 8 (“There can be a great distance between a patient who responds to treatment and one 9 who is able to enter the workforce, and that difference is borne out in [the] treatment 10 notes. Those notes show that although [plaintiff] had improved with treatment, she 11 nevertheless continued to frequently experience bouts of crying and feelings of 12 paranoia. The ALJ was not permitted to ‘cherry-pick’ from those mixed results to 13 support a denial of benefits.”). As noted by the Ninth Circuit, “[r]eports of 14 ‘improvement’ in the context of mental health issues must be interpreted with an 15 understanding of the patient’s overall well-being and the nature of her symptoms.” 16 Garrison, 759 F.3d at 1017 (citing Ryan v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 528 F.3d 1194, 17 1200-01 (9th Cir. 2008); see also Holohan, 246 F.3d at 1205 (“[The treating 18 physician’s] statements must be read in context of the overall diagnostic picture he 19 draws. That a person who suffers from severe panic attacks, anxiety, and depression 20 makes some improvement does not mean that the person’s impairments no longer 21 seriously affect her ability to function in a workplace.”). 22 Additionally, as the Ninth Circuit has established, “providing a summary of 23 medical evidence . . . is not the same as providing clear and convincing reasons for 24 finding the claimant’s symptom testimony not credible.” Lambert v. Saul, 980 F.3d 25 1266, 1278 (9th Cir. 2020) (quoting Brown-Hunter, 806 F.3d at 494 (“providing a 26 summary of medical evidence in support of a residual functional capacity finding is 27 not the same as providing clear and convincing reasons for finding the claimant’s 28 1 2 claimant’s testimony is ‘not consistent with the objective medical evidence,’ without 3 any ‘specific finding in support’ of that conclusion, is insufficient.” Treichler v. 4 Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 775 F.3d 1090, 1103 (9th Cir. 2014) (citation omitted). 5 The Court finds the ALJ’s subjective symptom testimony determination here 6 to be virtually indistinguishable from the subjective symptom testimony 7 determination rejected by the Ninth Circuit in Brown-Hunter. As in Brown-Hunter, 8 the ALJ here “simply stated her . . . conclusion [regarding Plaintiff’s subjective 9 symptom testimony] and then summarized the medical evidence supporting her RFC 10 determination.” Brown-Hunter, 806 F.3d at 494. The ALJ did not then identify the 11 testimony she found not credible, and “link that testimony to the particular parts of 12 the record” supporting her non-credibility determination. Id. In short, “[t]his is not 13 the sort of explanation or the kind of ‘specific reasons’ we must have in order to 14 review the ALJ’s decision meaningfully, so that we may ensure that the claimant’s 15 testimony was not arbitrarily discredited,” nor can the error be found harmless. Id. 16 The Court determines, therefore, that this was not a specific, clear, and 17 convincing reason for discounting Plaintiff’s subjective symptom testimony. 18 It bears noting that equally fatal to the ALJ’s failure to identify the testimony 19 she found not credible and link it to the record, is the fact that while a lack of 20 objective medical evidence supporting a claimant’s subjective complaints is one 21 factor that an ALJ can consider in evaluating symptom testimony (Burch v. 22 Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 681 (9th Cir. 2005), it cannot provide the only basis to 23 reject a claimant’s subjective symptom testimony. Trevizo v. Berryhill, 871 F.3d 24 664, 679 (9th Cir. 2017) (quoting Robbins v. Soc. Sec. Admin., 466 F.3d 880, 883 25 (9th Cir. 2006)); see also Bunnell, 947 F.2d at 345 (noting that “once the claimant 26 produces objective medical evidence of an underlying impairment, an [ALJ] may 27 not reject a claimant’s subjective complaints based solely on a lack of objective 28 1 2 omitted). 3 Here, the ALJ provided a detailed summary of Plaintiff’s treatment history, 4 highlighting the waxing and waning of Plaintiff’s symptoms. Even assuming that the 5 ALJ’s determination that the record evidence did not support Plaintiff’s testimony 6 was a specific, clear, and convincing reason to discount that testimony -- which the 7 Court did not find -- it cannot be, as it was here, the only reason for rejecting her 8 subjective symptom testimony. 9 Where, as here, the ALJ fails to state legally sufficient reasons for discounting 10 a claimant’s subjective complaints, a court ordinarily cannot properly affirm the 11 administrative decision. See Robbins, 466 F.3d 884-85. The Court is unable to 12 conclude that the ALJ’s errors in evaluating Plaintiff’s subjective complaints were 13 “harmless” or “inconsequential to the ultimate non-disability determination.” Brown- 14 Hunter, 806 F.3d at 492. 15 Remand is warranted on this issue. 16 17 B. DR. CHRONISTER’S OPINION 18 Having found that remand is warranted as discussed above, the Court declines 19 to address Plaintiff’s remaining issue. See Hiler v. Astrue, 687 F.3d 1208, 1212 (9th 20 Cir. 2012) (“Because we remand the case to the ALJ for the reasons stated, we decline 21 to reach [plaintiff’s] alternative ground for remand.”). 22 23 V. REMAND FOR FURTHER PROCEEDINGS 24 As the circumstances of this case suggest that further administrative 25 proceedings could remedy the ALJ’s errors, remand is appropriate. See Dominguez 26 v. Colvin, 808 F.3d 403, 407 (9th Cir. 2015) (“Unless the district court concludes 27 that further administrative proceedings would serve no useful purpose, it may not 28 1 || remand with a direction to provide benefits.”); Treichler, 775 F.3d at 1101, n.5 2 || (remand for further administrative proceedings is the proper remedy “‘in all but the 3 || rarest cases”); Harman v. Apfel, 211 F.3d 1172, 1180-81 (9th Cir. 2000) (remand for 4 || further proceedings rather than for the immediate payment of benefits is appropriate 5 || where there are “sufficient unanswered questions in the record”). 6 7 VI. CONCLUSION 8 For all the foregoing reasons, IT IS ORDERED that: 9 (1) the decision of the Commissioner is REVERSED and this matter 10 REMANDED pursuant to sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) for further 11 administrative proceedings consistent with this Memorandum Opinion and 12 Order; and 13 (2) Judgment be entered in favor of Plaintiff. 14 15 IT IS SO ORDERED. 16 17 || DATED: April 21, 2023 Uo 18 □ 19 GAIL J. STANDISH UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 11