[Cite as Alexander v. Alexander, 2016-Ohio-5048.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY
CINDA L. ALEXANDER : : Appellate Case No. 26730 Plaintiff-Appellant : : Trial Court Case No. 2010-DR-697 v. : : (Domestic Relations Appeal from CURTIS E. ALEXANDER : Common Pleas Court) : Defendant-Appellee : :
...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 22nd day of July, 2016.
REBEKAH S. SINNOTT, Atty. Reg. No. 0072093, Law Offices of Rebekah S. Sinnott, LLC, Post Office Box 655, Urbana, Ohio 43078 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellant
JEFFREY D. SLYMAN, Atty. Reg. No. 0010098, 211 Kenbrook Drive, Suite 5, Vandalia, Ohio 45377 Attorney for Defendant-Appellee
.............
FAIN, J.
Plaintiff-appellant Cinda Alexander appeals from a judgment and decree of
divorce requiring her to pay spousal support to her ex-husband, Curtis Alexander. Ms. -2-
Alexander contends that awarding support to Mr. Alexander, and failing to award her any
spousal support, constitutes an abuse of discretion. She further contends that the trial
court abused its discretion in setting the beginning date of the support owed to Mr.
Alexander.
We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion with regard to the
amount of spousal support. If the trial court erred by requiring Ms. Alexander to pay
support prior to the date her income increased, that error was invited by Ms. Alexander,
whose counsel prepared the judgment entry. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court
is Affirmed.
I. The Course of Proceedings
The parties were divorced in in 2012. Of relevance hereto, the trial court
awarded spousal support to Ms. Alexander, and failed to divide Mr. Alexander’s pension.
Ms. Alexander appealed. We reversed the judgment of the trial court and remanded the
cause for the division of Mr. Alexander’s pension, and for consideration of that division in
determining spousal support. Alexander v. Alexander, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25687,
2014-Ohio-131.
After the hearing on remand, the trial court entered judgment dividing both
parties’ pensions. The trial court further determined that the division of Mr. Alexander’s
pension resulted in an income discrepancy, with Ms. Alexander having an annual income
approximately $15,000 greater than Mr. Alexander. Therefore, the trial court ordered
Ms. Alexander to pay spousal support in the amount of $450 per month for a period of 90
months. Ms. Alexander appeals. -3-
II. The Trial Court Did Not Abuse its Discretion
in Ordering Spousal Support
Ms. Alexander’s First Assignment of Error states:
THE TRIAL COURT’S AWARD OF SPOUSAL SUPPORT TO
APPELLEE AND FAILURE TO AWARD SPOUSAL SUPPORT TO
APPELLANT CONSTITUTES AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION.
Ms. Alexander contends that the trial court failed to consider all of the factors
relevant to an award of spousal support, and that its decision therefore constitutes an
abuse of discretion.
“Trial courts have broad discretion regarding spousal support orders.
Accordingly, an appellate court ordinarily will not disturb those orders absent an abuse of
discretion. A trial court abuses its discretion when the court's attitude was unreasonable,
arbitrary, or unconscionable.” Young v. Young, 2d Dist. Darke No. 2012 CA 1, 2012-
Ohio-5310.
The court's exercise of discretion is governed by R.C. 3105.18(C), which
mandates that the court consider all of the relevant factors set forth in that statute when
making awards of spousal support. That statute provides, in pertinent part:
(1) In determining whether spousal support is appropriate and
reasonable, and in determining the nature, amount, and terms of payment,
and duration of spousal support, which is payable either in gross or in
installments, the court shall consider all of the following factors:
(a) The income of the parties, from all sources, including, but not -4-
limited to, income derived from property divided, disbursed, or distributed
under section 3105.171 of the Revised Code;
(b) The relative earning abilities of the parties;
(c) The ages and the physical, mental, and emotional conditions of
the parties;
(d) The retirement benefits of the parties;
(e) The duration of the marriage;
(f) The extent to which it would be inappropriate for a party, because
that party will be custodian of a minor child of the marriage, to seek
employment outside the home;
(g) The standard of living of the parties established during the
marriage;
(h) The relative extent of education of the parties;
(i) The relative assets and liabilities of the parties, including but not
limited to any court-ordered payments by the parties;
(j) The contribution of each party to the education, training, or earning
ability of the other party, including, but not limited to, any party's contribution
to the acquisition of a professional degree of the other party;
(k) The time and expense necessary for the spouse who is seeking
spousal support to acquire education, training, or job experience so that the
spouse will be qualified to obtain appropriate employment, provided the
education, training, or job experience, and employment is, in fact, sought;
(l) The tax consequences, for each party, of an award of spousal -5-
support;
(m) The lost income production capacity of either party that resulted
from that party's marital responsibilities;
(n) Any other factor that the court expressly finds to be relevant and
equitable.
The trial court’s main focus was on the parties’ income, which consisted of
Mr. Alexander’s retirement benefits, and Ms. Alexander’s disability benefits. As noted in
our prior decision, these are the parties’ only assets. Alexander, supra, at ¶ 21. The
court noted that Ms. Alexander receives approximately $1,915 per month in disability
benefits. According to the record, these benefits will convert to retirement benefits in
2025, at which point Mr. Alexander will begin receiving his marital portion thereof. Mr.
Alexander receives approximately $3,604 in monthly retirement benefits. The court
found that as a result of the division of Mr. Alexander’s pension, Ms. Alexander will receive
approximately $1,500 per month.1 This effectively increases Ms. Alexander’s monthly
income to $3,415, and reduces Mr. Alexander’s to $2,104.
In an effort to equalize that income, the trial court, awarded monthly support
to Mr. Alexander in the sum of $450. This amount still leaves Ms. Alexander with
approximately $400 more per month than Mr. Alexander. Furthermore, the support
obligation ends before either party will receive any portion of Ms. Alexander’s pension
benefits. Thus, there will be a time during which Ms. Alexander will receive
approximately $1,300 more than Mr. Alexander in monthly income.
1 Ms. Alexander implies that this amount is incorrect. However, she failed to dispute that amount in the trial court, and she fails to cite any evidence to the contrary in her brief. -6-
Ms. Alexander notes that Mr. Alexander is in his early 50’s, that he took an
early retirement after 27 years of employment within the state prison system, that he has
an Associate’s Degree in Real Estate, and that he worked as a truck driver after
retirement. 2 She contends that the the trial court should have taken note that he is
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[Cite as Alexander v. Alexander, 2016-Ohio-5048.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY
CINDA L. ALEXANDER : : Appellate Case No. 26730 Plaintiff-Appellant : : Trial Court Case No. 2010-DR-697 v. : : (Domestic Relations Appeal from CURTIS E. ALEXANDER : Common Pleas Court) : Defendant-Appellee : :
...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 22nd day of July, 2016.
REBEKAH S. SINNOTT, Atty. Reg. No. 0072093, Law Offices of Rebekah S. Sinnott, LLC, Post Office Box 655, Urbana, Ohio 43078 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellant
JEFFREY D. SLYMAN, Atty. Reg. No. 0010098, 211 Kenbrook Drive, Suite 5, Vandalia, Ohio 45377 Attorney for Defendant-Appellee
.............
FAIN, J.
Plaintiff-appellant Cinda Alexander appeals from a judgment and decree of
divorce requiring her to pay spousal support to her ex-husband, Curtis Alexander. Ms. -2-
Alexander contends that awarding support to Mr. Alexander, and failing to award her any
spousal support, constitutes an abuse of discretion. She further contends that the trial
court abused its discretion in setting the beginning date of the support owed to Mr.
Alexander.
We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion with regard to the
amount of spousal support. If the trial court erred by requiring Ms. Alexander to pay
support prior to the date her income increased, that error was invited by Ms. Alexander,
whose counsel prepared the judgment entry. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court
is Affirmed.
I. The Course of Proceedings
The parties were divorced in in 2012. Of relevance hereto, the trial court
awarded spousal support to Ms. Alexander, and failed to divide Mr. Alexander’s pension.
Ms. Alexander appealed. We reversed the judgment of the trial court and remanded the
cause for the division of Mr. Alexander’s pension, and for consideration of that division in
determining spousal support. Alexander v. Alexander, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25687,
2014-Ohio-131.
After the hearing on remand, the trial court entered judgment dividing both
parties’ pensions. The trial court further determined that the division of Mr. Alexander’s
pension resulted in an income discrepancy, with Ms. Alexander having an annual income
approximately $15,000 greater than Mr. Alexander. Therefore, the trial court ordered
Ms. Alexander to pay spousal support in the amount of $450 per month for a period of 90
months. Ms. Alexander appeals. -3-
II. The Trial Court Did Not Abuse its Discretion
in Ordering Spousal Support
Ms. Alexander’s First Assignment of Error states:
THE TRIAL COURT’S AWARD OF SPOUSAL SUPPORT TO
APPELLEE AND FAILURE TO AWARD SPOUSAL SUPPORT TO
APPELLANT CONSTITUTES AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION.
Ms. Alexander contends that the trial court failed to consider all of the factors
relevant to an award of spousal support, and that its decision therefore constitutes an
abuse of discretion.
“Trial courts have broad discretion regarding spousal support orders.
Accordingly, an appellate court ordinarily will not disturb those orders absent an abuse of
discretion. A trial court abuses its discretion when the court's attitude was unreasonable,
arbitrary, or unconscionable.” Young v. Young, 2d Dist. Darke No. 2012 CA 1, 2012-
Ohio-5310.
The court's exercise of discretion is governed by R.C. 3105.18(C), which
mandates that the court consider all of the relevant factors set forth in that statute when
making awards of spousal support. That statute provides, in pertinent part:
(1) In determining whether spousal support is appropriate and
reasonable, and in determining the nature, amount, and terms of payment,
and duration of spousal support, which is payable either in gross or in
installments, the court shall consider all of the following factors:
(a) The income of the parties, from all sources, including, but not -4-
limited to, income derived from property divided, disbursed, or distributed
under section 3105.171 of the Revised Code;
(b) The relative earning abilities of the parties;
(c) The ages and the physical, mental, and emotional conditions of
the parties;
(d) The retirement benefits of the parties;
(e) The duration of the marriage;
(f) The extent to which it would be inappropriate for a party, because
that party will be custodian of a minor child of the marriage, to seek
employment outside the home;
(g) The standard of living of the parties established during the
marriage;
(h) The relative extent of education of the parties;
(i) The relative assets and liabilities of the parties, including but not
limited to any court-ordered payments by the parties;
(j) The contribution of each party to the education, training, or earning
ability of the other party, including, but not limited to, any party's contribution
to the acquisition of a professional degree of the other party;
(k) The time and expense necessary for the spouse who is seeking
spousal support to acquire education, training, or job experience so that the
spouse will be qualified to obtain appropriate employment, provided the
education, training, or job experience, and employment is, in fact, sought;
(l) The tax consequences, for each party, of an award of spousal -5-
support;
(m) The lost income production capacity of either party that resulted
from that party's marital responsibilities;
(n) Any other factor that the court expressly finds to be relevant and
equitable.
The trial court’s main focus was on the parties’ income, which consisted of
Mr. Alexander’s retirement benefits, and Ms. Alexander’s disability benefits. As noted in
our prior decision, these are the parties’ only assets. Alexander, supra, at ¶ 21. The
court noted that Ms. Alexander receives approximately $1,915 per month in disability
benefits. According to the record, these benefits will convert to retirement benefits in
2025, at which point Mr. Alexander will begin receiving his marital portion thereof. Mr.
Alexander receives approximately $3,604 in monthly retirement benefits. The court
found that as a result of the division of Mr. Alexander’s pension, Ms. Alexander will receive
approximately $1,500 per month.1 This effectively increases Ms. Alexander’s monthly
income to $3,415, and reduces Mr. Alexander’s to $2,104.
In an effort to equalize that income, the trial court, awarded monthly support
to Mr. Alexander in the sum of $450. This amount still leaves Ms. Alexander with
approximately $400 more per month than Mr. Alexander. Furthermore, the support
obligation ends before either party will receive any portion of Ms. Alexander’s pension
benefits. Thus, there will be a time during which Ms. Alexander will receive
approximately $1,300 more than Mr. Alexander in monthly income.
1 Ms. Alexander implies that this amount is incorrect. However, she failed to dispute that amount in the trial court, and she fails to cite any evidence to the contrary in her brief. -6-
Ms. Alexander notes that Mr. Alexander is in his early 50’s, that he took an
early retirement after 27 years of employment within the state prison system, that he has
an Associate’s Degree in Real Estate, and that he worked as a truck driver after
retirement. 2 She contends that the the trial court should have taken note that he is
capable of working, while she is not.
There is no evidence in this record that Mr. Alexander retired in order to
avoid paying support. In fact, he had retired at the time the original divorce decree was
issued. In our prior opinion, we noted that Ms. Alexander “failed to challenge her
husband’s reasons for retiring, and also failed to present evidence [that Mr. Alexander
was working or that he had quit working in order to avoid paying spousal support.]”
Alexander, supra, at ¶ 40. There is no evidence that he maintained any long-term
employment after the divorce, and there is no evidence that he quit any job in order to
avoid paying spousal support. In fact, Mr. Alexander did pay support until the time his
pension was divided, and the trial court issued the orders resulting in this appeal.
From our review of the record, we conclude that the trial court did not fail to
consider the appropriate factors regarding support. We find no abuse of discretion with
regard to the decision to award Mr. Alexander spousal support, nor as to the amount of
spousal support ordered.
The First Assignment of Error is overruled.
2Mr. Alexander did work as a truck driver for a short while, but decided not to continue, because the pay was low, and he did not like the company. He has not worked since. -7-
III. Any Error in the Setting of the Date for the Commencement of
Spousal Support Was Invited by Ms. Alexander, whose
Counsel Prepared the Judgment Entry
Ms. Alexander’s Second Assignment of Error is as follows:
THE TRIAL COURT’S DECISION GRANTING SPOUSAL
SUPPORT PRIOR TO THE PREPARATION AND FILING OF A DIVISION
OF PROPERTY ORDER CONSTITUTED AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION.
Ms. Alexander contends that the trial court ordered that the effective date of
her spousal support obligation would commence prior to the filing of the documents
necessary to divide the parties’ pensions. She contends that the trial court has
essentially ordered her to pay support before she receives income from the division of
Mr. Alexander’s pension. Counsel for Ms. Alexander prepared the Amended Final
Judgment setting forth the date for the onset of the support payments. Thus, it appears
that any error in the setting of the date for the commencement of Ms. Alexander’s support
obligation was invited by her. The Final Judgment also indicated that the parties were
required to execute the proper documentation for the division of the pensions. Thus,
counsel should have been aware that Ms. Alexander would not receive any additional
income from the pension until after the effective date of her support obligation. Ms.
Alexander also contends that the effective date for the support obligation was set by the
trial court during a telephone conference with counsel. There is no indication that
counsel raised any objection to the date.
The Second Assignment of Error is overruled. -8-
IV. Conclusion
Both assignments of error having been overruled, the judgment of the trial
court is Affirmed.
FROELICH and WELBAUM, JJ., concur.
Copies mailed to:
Rebekah S. Sinnott Jeffrey D. Slyman Hon. Timothy D. Wood