IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA
ALEJANDRO VALERIO ) REYES, ) ) Petitioner, ) ) v. ) Case No. CIV-26-1432-SLP ) MARKWAYNE MULLIN, et al., ) ) Respondents. )
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION Petitioner Alejandro Valerio Reyes, an immigration detainee proceeding pro se, seeks habeas corpus relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. Doc. 1.1 Chief United States District Judge Scott L. Palk referred the matter to the undersigned Magistrate Judge for initial proceedings consistent with 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B), (C). Doc. 4. The Government responded and notified the Court that on June 13, 2026, Petitioner had been transferred from this district to the Eastern District of California. Doc. 6, Ex. 6, at 3. On July 2, 2026, Petitioner sought relief in that district and that court ordered him released on July 8, 2026. Valerio-Reyes v. Mullin, No. 26-CV-2083-DAD-AC, 2026 WL 1972710
1 Citations to a court document are to its electronic case filing designation and pagination. Except for capitalization, quotations are verbatim unless otherwise indicated. (E.D. Cal. July 8, 2026).2 Because Petitioner is no longer in custody and this Court can grant him no relief, the undersigned recommends the Court dismiss
the petition as moot. I. Screening. This Court must review a habeas petition and dismiss it “[i]f it plainly appears from the petition and any attached exhibits that the petitioner is not
entitled to relief in the district court.” Rule 4, Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts;3 see also Garza v. Davis, 596 F.3d 1198, 1205 (10th Cir. 2010) (holding that a federal court possesses “the discretion . . . to dismiss the 28 U.S.C. § 2241 petition if it appear[s] that the
petitioner was not entitled to relief”). Having screened the petition, the undersigned recommends the Court dismiss the petition as moot.
2 A search of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Detainee Locator website also shows no matching records for Petitioner. See https://locator.ice.gov/odls/#/results (last visited Aug. 5, 2026).
3 The Court may apply the Rules Governing § 2254 Cases to habeas petitions arising under § 2241. See Rule 1(b); Whitmore v. Parker, 484 F. App’x 227, 231 n.2 (10th Cir. 2012) (“The Rules Governing § 2254 Cases may be applied discretionarily to habeas petitions under § 2241.” (citing Boutwell v. Keating, 399 F.3d 1203, 1211 n.2 (10th Cir. 2005))). II. The petition is moot because Petitioner is no longer in custody.
“The writ of habeas corpus shall not extend to a prisoner unless . . . he is in custody in violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 2241(c)(3). “[T]he ‘in custody’ requirement of § 2241 is satisfied” if a petitioner files the habeas application while he or she is incarcerated. King v. Ciolli, No. 23-1201, 2024 WL 1179908, at *2 (10th Cir.
Mar. 19, 2024) (citing Spencer v. Kemna, 523 U.S. 1, 7 (1998), & Riles v. INS, 310 F.3d 1253, 1256 (10th Cir. 2002)). A § 2241 petition must be filed in the district where the prisoner is confined. Brace v. United States, 634 F.3d 1167, 1169 (10th Cir. 2011).
“[J]urisdiction attaches on the initial filing for habeas corpus relief, and it is not destroyed by a transfer of the petitioner and the accompanying custodial change.” Santillanes v. U.S. Parole Comm’n, 754 F.2d 887, 888 (10th Cir. 1985); cf. Rumsfeld v. Padilla, 542 U.S. 426, 442 (2004).
Petitioner was confined in this district when he mailed his § 2241 petition. See Doc. 1, at 1, 9. But he is no longer in custody because Respondents have released him pursuant a court order. Although this Court’s jurisdiction attached when Petitioner filed his habeas corpus petition, his release from
custody renders his petition moot. Under Article III of the Constitution, federal courts may only adjudicate live controversies. See Alvarez v. Smith, 558 U.S. 87, 92 (2009) (“An actual
controversy must be extant at all stages of review, not merely at the time the complaint is filed.” (quoting Preiser v. Newkirk, 422 U.S. 395, 401 (1975))). A case becomes moot “if an event occurs while a case is pending . . . that makes it impossible for the court to grant ‘any effectual relief whatever’ to a prevailing
party . . . .” Church of Scientology v. United States, 506 U.S. 9, 12 (1992) (quoting Mills v. Green, 159 U.S. 651, 653 (1895)). “Mootness . . . is a fundamental bar to judicial review that must be accounted for at all stages of a proceeding, and applies in habeas as in any
other type of litigation.” Miller v. Glanz, 331 F. App’x 608, 610 (10th Cir. 2009). A habeas petition does not become moot merely because a petitioner is no longer in custody. Rather, the relevant inquiry is whether the petitioner is subject to collateral consequences “adequate to meet Article III’s injury-in-fact
requirement.” King, 2024 WL 1179908, at *2 (quoting Spencer, 523 U.S. at 14). Once Respondents released Petitioner from their custody, he no longer had a redressable injury arising from his detention. See id. (holding that a “petitioner must demonstrate some concrete and continuing injury” to
overcome mootness after release from custody (quoting Spencer, 523 U.S. at 7)). So the best this Court could do would be to declare he was wrongfully in custody in the first place. But that determination is wholly outside this Court’s jurisdiction. See, e.g., Olola v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 2018 WL 11446899, at *2 (D.
Colo. Mar. 7, 2018) (“Applicant may not use a § 2241 habeas application challenging the lawfulness of federal custody to seek review of an order of removal in federal district court. . . . The courts of appeals are the sole and exclusive means for judicial review of challenges to removal orders, and district
courts are divested of jurisdiction to do so.” (citing 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(5))). So the Court should dismiss the petition as moot. III. Recommendation and notice of right to object. Petitioner’s release from custody renders his petition moot because there
is no live case or controversy for this Court to decide. The undersigned therefore recommends the Court dismiss the habeas corpus petition as moot. Doc. 1. The undersigned advises the parties of their right to file an objection to
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA
ALEJANDRO VALERIO ) REYES, ) ) Petitioner, ) ) v. ) Case No. CIV-26-1432-SLP ) MARKWAYNE MULLIN, et al., ) ) Respondents. )
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION Petitioner Alejandro Valerio Reyes, an immigration detainee proceeding pro se, seeks habeas corpus relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. Doc. 1.1 Chief United States District Judge Scott L. Palk referred the matter to the undersigned Magistrate Judge for initial proceedings consistent with 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B), (C). Doc. 4. The Government responded and notified the Court that on June 13, 2026, Petitioner had been transferred from this district to the Eastern District of California. Doc. 6, Ex. 6, at 3. On July 2, 2026, Petitioner sought relief in that district and that court ordered him released on July 8, 2026. Valerio-Reyes v. Mullin, No. 26-CV-2083-DAD-AC, 2026 WL 1972710
1 Citations to a court document are to its electronic case filing designation and pagination. Except for capitalization, quotations are verbatim unless otherwise indicated. (E.D. Cal. July 8, 2026).2 Because Petitioner is no longer in custody and this Court can grant him no relief, the undersigned recommends the Court dismiss
the petition as moot. I. Screening. This Court must review a habeas petition and dismiss it “[i]f it plainly appears from the petition and any attached exhibits that the petitioner is not
entitled to relief in the district court.” Rule 4, Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts;3 see also Garza v. Davis, 596 F.3d 1198, 1205 (10th Cir. 2010) (holding that a federal court possesses “the discretion . . . to dismiss the 28 U.S.C. § 2241 petition if it appear[s] that the
petitioner was not entitled to relief”). Having screened the petition, the undersigned recommends the Court dismiss the petition as moot.
2 A search of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Detainee Locator website also shows no matching records for Petitioner. See https://locator.ice.gov/odls/#/results (last visited Aug. 5, 2026).
3 The Court may apply the Rules Governing § 2254 Cases to habeas petitions arising under § 2241. See Rule 1(b); Whitmore v. Parker, 484 F. App’x 227, 231 n.2 (10th Cir. 2012) (“The Rules Governing § 2254 Cases may be applied discretionarily to habeas petitions under § 2241.” (citing Boutwell v. Keating, 399 F.3d 1203, 1211 n.2 (10th Cir. 2005))). II. The petition is moot because Petitioner is no longer in custody.
“The writ of habeas corpus shall not extend to a prisoner unless . . . he is in custody in violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 2241(c)(3). “[T]he ‘in custody’ requirement of § 2241 is satisfied” if a petitioner files the habeas application while he or she is incarcerated. King v. Ciolli, No. 23-1201, 2024 WL 1179908, at *2 (10th Cir.
Mar. 19, 2024) (citing Spencer v. Kemna, 523 U.S. 1, 7 (1998), & Riles v. INS, 310 F.3d 1253, 1256 (10th Cir. 2002)). A § 2241 petition must be filed in the district where the prisoner is confined. Brace v. United States, 634 F.3d 1167, 1169 (10th Cir. 2011).
“[J]urisdiction attaches on the initial filing for habeas corpus relief, and it is not destroyed by a transfer of the petitioner and the accompanying custodial change.” Santillanes v. U.S. Parole Comm’n, 754 F.2d 887, 888 (10th Cir. 1985); cf. Rumsfeld v. Padilla, 542 U.S. 426, 442 (2004).
Petitioner was confined in this district when he mailed his § 2241 petition. See Doc. 1, at 1, 9. But he is no longer in custody because Respondents have released him pursuant a court order. Although this Court’s jurisdiction attached when Petitioner filed his habeas corpus petition, his release from
custody renders his petition moot. Under Article III of the Constitution, federal courts may only adjudicate live controversies. See Alvarez v. Smith, 558 U.S. 87, 92 (2009) (“An actual
controversy must be extant at all stages of review, not merely at the time the complaint is filed.” (quoting Preiser v. Newkirk, 422 U.S. 395, 401 (1975))). A case becomes moot “if an event occurs while a case is pending . . . that makes it impossible for the court to grant ‘any effectual relief whatever’ to a prevailing
party . . . .” Church of Scientology v. United States, 506 U.S. 9, 12 (1992) (quoting Mills v. Green, 159 U.S. 651, 653 (1895)). “Mootness . . . is a fundamental bar to judicial review that must be accounted for at all stages of a proceeding, and applies in habeas as in any
other type of litigation.” Miller v. Glanz, 331 F. App’x 608, 610 (10th Cir. 2009). A habeas petition does not become moot merely because a petitioner is no longer in custody. Rather, the relevant inquiry is whether the petitioner is subject to collateral consequences “adequate to meet Article III’s injury-in-fact
requirement.” King, 2024 WL 1179908, at *2 (quoting Spencer, 523 U.S. at 14). Once Respondents released Petitioner from their custody, he no longer had a redressable injury arising from his detention. See id. (holding that a “petitioner must demonstrate some concrete and continuing injury” to
overcome mootness after release from custody (quoting Spencer, 523 U.S. at 7)). So the best this Court could do would be to declare he was wrongfully in custody in the first place. But that determination is wholly outside this Court’s jurisdiction. See, e.g., Olola v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 2018 WL 11446899, at *2 (D.
Colo. Mar. 7, 2018) (“Applicant may not use a § 2241 habeas application challenging the lawfulness of federal custody to seek review of an order of removal in federal district court. . . . The courts of appeals are the sole and exclusive means for judicial review of challenges to removal orders, and district
courts are divested of jurisdiction to do so.” (citing 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(5))). So the Court should dismiss the petition as moot. III. Recommendation and notice of right to object. Petitioner’s release from custody renders his petition moot because there
is no live case or controversy for this Court to decide. The undersigned therefore recommends the Court dismiss the habeas corpus petition as moot. Doc. 1. The undersigned advises the parties of their right to file an objection to
this Report and Recommendation with the Clerk of Court on or before August 20, 2026, under 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) and Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b)(2). The undersigned further advises the parties that failure to file a timely objection to this Report and Recommendation waives the right to appellate review of
both factual and legal issues contained herein. See Moore v. United States, 950 F.2d 656, 659 (10th Cir. 1991). This Report and Recommendation disposes of all issues and terminates the referral to the undersigned Magistrate Judge in the captioned matter.
ENTERED this 6th day of August, 2026.
hea Ler □ SUZANNE MITCHELL UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE