Fourth Court of Appeals San Antonio, Texas MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-16-00835-CV
Alejandro RODRIGUEZ and Lisa Rodriguez, Appellants
v.
VRM [VENDOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT], Duly Authorized Agent for The Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Appellee
From the County Court at Law No. 2, Bexar County, Texas Trial Court No. 2016CV04366 Honorable Jason Wolff, Judge Presiding
Opinion by: Irene Rios, Justice
Sitting: Marialyn Barnard, Justice Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice Irene Rios, Justice
Delivered and Filed: January 31, 2018
AFFIRMED
Vendor Resource Management, Inc. (“VRM”) brought a forcible detainer action against
Alejandro and Lisa Rodriguez (“Appellants”). The trial court rendered judgment of possession for
VRM. On appeal, Appellants contend the trial court erred by hearing the case and rendering
judgment for VRM because VRM did not have standing to bring the forcible detainer action. We
affirm the judgment of the trial court. 04-16-00835-CV
BACKGROUND
In 2009, Appellants executed a deed of trust to secure payment of a loan concerning a
parcel of real property. The deed of trust provided that if the property was sold pursuant to a
foreclosure sale, the borrower or any person holding possession of the property through the
borrower “shall immediately surrender possession of the Property to the purchaser at that sale. If
possession is not surrendered, Borrower or such person shall be a tenant at sufferance and may be
removed by writ of possession.” Appellants later defaulted on the loan, and JP Morgan Chase
Bank, N.A. acquired the property at a foreclosure sale on May 3, 2016. On May 6, 2016, JP Morgan
Chase transferred title of the property to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs (“Secretary”). On June
3, 2016, VRM, acting as the duly authorized agent for the Secretary, sent Appellants written notice
to vacate the property. When Appellants failed to vacate, VRM filed a forcible detainer action in
the justice court. On July 12, 2016, the justice court rendered judgment for VRM. Appellants
appealed to the county court at law (“trial court”). On November 9, 2016, the trial court rendered
judgment of possession for VRM. Thereafter, Appellants perfected this appeal.
APPLICABLE LAW
Forcible Detainer
A forcible detainer action is intended to be a speedy, simple, and inexpensive means to
regain possession of property. Salaymeh v. Plaza Centro, LLC, 264 S.W.3d 431, 437 (Tex. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.). The only issue in a forcible detainer action is the right to actual
and immediate possession. Id. at 435. To prevail in a forcible detainer action, a plaintiff is not
required to prove it has title to the property; rather, a plaintiff is only required to show sufficient
evidence of ownership to demonstrate a superior right to immediate possession of the property. Id.
To prevail and obtain possession in a forcible detainer action following a foreclosure sale,
a plaintiff must show: (1) the substitute trustee conveyed the property by deed to the plaintiff after -2- 04-16-00835-CV
the foreclosure sale; (2) the deed of trust signed by the defendant established a landlord-tenant
relationship between the plaintiff and the defendant; (3) the plaintiff gave proper notice to the
defendant to vacate the premises; and (4) the defendant refused to vacate. U.S. Bank Nat’l Ass’n
v. Freeney, 266 S.W.3d 623, 625 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.); see TEX. PROP. CODE ANN.
§§ 24.002(a)(2), (b); 24.005 (West 2014 & West Supp. 2016).
Standing
A standing inquiry focuses on whether a party has a sufficient relationship with the lawsuit
so as to have a justiciable interest in the outcome. Austin Nursing Ctr., Inc. v. Lovato, 171 S.W.3d
845, 848 (Tex. 2005). For a party to have standing, it must be properly situated to be entitled to a
judicial determination. Id. at 849. Under both Texas and federal law, standing requires that: (1) the
plaintiff be personally injured—that is, it must plead facts demonstrating that it, rather than a third
party or the public at large, suffered the injury; (2) the plaintiff’s injury must be fairly traceable to
the defendant’s conduct; and (3) the plaintiff’s injury is likely to be redressed by the requested
relief. Heckman v. Williamson Co., 369 S.W.3d 137, 154 (Tex. 2012). Without standing, a court
lacks subject matter jurisdiction to hear a case. Lovato, 171 S.W.3d at 849. When evaluating
standing, courts consider the plaintiff’s pleadings as well as evidence relevant to the jurisdictional
inquiry. Bland Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 555 (Tex. 2000).
A plaintiff with no legally cognizable interest in the outcome of the case lacks standing to
sue on its own behalf, but may be authorized to sue on behalf of another. Rodarte v. Investeco
Grp., L.L.C., 299 S.W.3d 400, 407 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, no pet.). “An agent is
one authorized by another to transact some business for the principal.” Jamison v. Nat’l Loan
Investors, L.P., 4 S.W.3d 465, 468 (Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, pet. denied). An agent may bring
suit on behalf of a principal if the agent specifically pleads it is asserting claims on the principal’s
-3- 04-16-00835-CV
behalf. See AVCO Corp., Textron Lycoming Reciprocating Engine Div. of AVCO Corp. v.
Interstate Sw., Ltd., 251 S.W.3d 632, 653 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2007, pet. denied).
DISCUSSION
In three issues, Appellants contend the pre-suit demand for possession was deficient
because it was made by VRM, rather than the Secretary, who is the property owner. First,
Appellants argue “VRM was never validated to the trial court by appropriate evidence as an
authorized agent for [the Secretary].” Second, Appellants contend VRM’s pleading was invalid
because VRM did not demonstrate its position as the Secretary’s authorized agent. Third,
Appellants contend VRM was not entitled to enforce the deed of trust provision authorizing a writ
of forcible detainer to evict Appellants. Each of Appellants’ three issues are based on Appellants’
allegation that VRM lacked standing to bring the forcible detainer action because it did not claim
title to the property or have authority to act on behalf of the Secretary.
In determining whether the evidence is legally sufficient to support the trial court’s finding
that VRM is the Secretary’s authorized agent, we credit evidence favoring the finding if a
reasonable factfinder could, and disregard contrary evidence unless a reasonable factfinder could
not. City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 827 (Tex. 2005). When reviewing the evidence for
factual sufficiency, we consider all the evidence supporting and contradicting the finding. Plas–
Tex., Inc. v. U.S.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
Fourth Court of Appeals San Antonio, Texas MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-16-00835-CV
Alejandro RODRIGUEZ and Lisa Rodriguez, Appellants
v.
VRM [VENDOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT], Duly Authorized Agent for The Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Appellee
From the County Court at Law No. 2, Bexar County, Texas Trial Court No. 2016CV04366 Honorable Jason Wolff, Judge Presiding
Opinion by: Irene Rios, Justice
Sitting: Marialyn Barnard, Justice Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice Irene Rios, Justice
Delivered and Filed: January 31, 2018
AFFIRMED
Vendor Resource Management, Inc. (“VRM”) brought a forcible detainer action against
Alejandro and Lisa Rodriguez (“Appellants”). The trial court rendered judgment of possession for
VRM. On appeal, Appellants contend the trial court erred by hearing the case and rendering
judgment for VRM because VRM did not have standing to bring the forcible detainer action. We
affirm the judgment of the trial court. 04-16-00835-CV
BACKGROUND
In 2009, Appellants executed a deed of trust to secure payment of a loan concerning a
parcel of real property. The deed of trust provided that if the property was sold pursuant to a
foreclosure sale, the borrower or any person holding possession of the property through the
borrower “shall immediately surrender possession of the Property to the purchaser at that sale. If
possession is not surrendered, Borrower or such person shall be a tenant at sufferance and may be
removed by writ of possession.” Appellants later defaulted on the loan, and JP Morgan Chase
Bank, N.A. acquired the property at a foreclosure sale on May 3, 2016. On May 6, 2016, JP Morgan
Chase transferred title of the property to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs (“Secretary”). On June
3, 2016, VRM, acting as the duly authorized agent for the Secretary, sent Appellants written notice
to vacate the property. When Appellants failed to vacate, VRM filed a forcible detainer action in
the justice court. On July 12, 2016, the justice court rendered judgment for VRM. Appellants
appealed to the county court at law (“trial court”). On November 9, 2016, the trial court rendered
judgment of possession for VRM. Thereafter, Appellants perfected this appeal.
APPLICABLE LAW
Forcible Detainer
A forcible detainer action is intended to be a speedy, simple, and inexpensive means to
regain possession of property. Salaymeh v. Plaza Centro, LLC, 264 S.W.3d 431, 437 (Tex. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.). The only issue in a forcible detainer action is the right to actual
and immediate possession. Id. at 435. To prevail in a forcible detainer action, a plaintiff is not
required to prove it has title to the property; rather, a plaintiff is only required to show sufficient
evidence of ownership to demonstrate a superior right to immediate possession of the property. Id.
To prevail and obtain possession in a forcible detainer action following a foreclosure sale,
a plaintiff must show: (1) the substitute trustee conveyed the property by deed to the plaintiff after -2- 04-16-00835-CV
the foreclosure sale; (2) the deed of trust signed by the defendant established a landlord-tenant
relationship between the plaintiff and the defendant; (3) the plaintiff gave proper notice to the
defendant to vacate the premises; and (4) the defendant refused to vacate. U.S. Bank Nat’l Ass’n
v. Freeney, 266 S.W.3d 623, 625 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.); see TEX. PROP. CODE ANN.
§§ 24.002(a)(2), (b); 24.005 (West 2014 & West Supp. 2016).
Standing
A standing inquiry focuses on whether a party has a sufficient relationship with the lawsuit
so as to have a justiciable interest in the outcome. Austin Nursing Ctr., Inc. v. Lovato, 171 S.W.3d
845, 848 (Tex. 2005). For a party to have standing, it must be properly situated to be entitled to a
judicial determination. Id. at 849. Under both Texas and federal law, standing requires that: (1) the
plaintiff be personally injured—that is, it must plead facts demonstrating that it, rather than a third
party or the public at large, suffered the injury; (2) the plaintiff’s injury must be fairly traceable to
the defendant’s conduct; and (3) the plaintiff’s injury is likely to be redressed by the requested
relief. Heckman v. Williamson Co., 369 S.W.3d 137, 154 (Tex. 2012). Without standing, a court
lacks subject matter jurisdiction to hear a case. Lovato, 171 S.W.3d at 849. When evaluating
standing, courts consider the plaintiff’s pleadings as well as evidence relevant to the jurisdictional
inquiry. Bland Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 555 (Tex. 2000).
A plaintiff with no legally cognizable interest in the outcome of the case lacks standing to
sue on its own behalf, but may be authorized to sue on behalf of another. Rodarte v. Investeco
Grp., L.L.C., 299 S.W.3d 400, 407 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, no pet.). “An agent is
one authorized by another to transact some business for the principal.” Jamison v. Nat’l Loan
Investors, L.P., 4 S.W.3d 465, 468 (Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, pet. denied). An agent may bring
suit on behalf of a principal if the agent specifically pleads it is asserting claims on the principal’s
-3- 04-16-00835-CV
behalf. See AVCO Corp., Textron Lycoming Reciprocating Engine Div. of AVCO Corp. v.
Interstate Sw., Ltd., 251 S.W.3d 632, 653 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2007, pet. denied).
DISCUSSION
In three issues, Appellants contend the pre-suit demand for possession was deficient
because it was made by VRM, rather than the Secretary, who is the property owner. First,
Appellants argue “VRM was never validated to the trial court by appropriate evidence as an
authorized agent for [the Secretary].” Second, Appellants contend VRM’s pleading was invalid
because VRM did not demonstrate its position as the Secretary’s authorized agent. Third,
Appellants contend VRM was not entitled to enforce the deed of trust provision authorizing a writ
of forcible detainer to evict Appellants. Each of Appellants’ three issues are based on Appellants’
allegation that VRM lacked standing to bring the forcible detainer action because it did not claim
title to the property or have authority to act on behalf of the Secretary.
In determining whether the evidence is legally sufficient to support the trial court’s finding
that VRM is the Secretary’s authorized agent, we credit evidence favoring the finding if a
reasonable factfinder could, and disregard contrary evidence unless a reasonable factfinder could
not. City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 827 (Tex. 2005). When reviewing the evidence for
factual sufficiency, we consider all the evidence supporting and contradicting the finding. Plas–
Tex., Inc. v. U.S. Steel Corp., 772 S.W.2d 442, 445 (Tex. 1989). We set aside the judgment only if
the finding is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and
unjust. Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 176 (Tex. 1986).
In its original petition, VRM brought a forcible detainer action against Appellants as the
“Duly Authorized Agent For The Secretary of Veterans Affairs.” The petition also states the
Secretary is the successor in interest to the foreclosure sale purchaser and VRM is the current loan
servicer for the Department of Veterans Affairs’ portfolio of properties for sale and home loans. -4- 04-16-00835-CV
Thus, rather than bringing suit solely in its own name, VRM explicitly prosecuted this forcible
detainer action on behalf of its principal, the Secretary. Appellants do not dispute that the Secretary
has the right to bring a forcible detainer action against them.
Furthermore, during trial, VRM produced a business records affidavit to authenticate the
notice to vacate. In the notice to vacate, the law firm Jack O’Boyle & Associates stated it was
representing “VRM (Vendor Resource Management), Duly Authorized Agent For The Secretary
of Veterans Affairs,” thus affirmatively identifying VRM as the authorized servicing agent for the
Secretary. Additionally, VRM produced the warranty deed whereby JP Morgan Chase transferred
title of the property to the Secretary, as well as the deed of trust authorizing the Secretary, as
successor in interest to the purchaser at foreclosure, to remove Appellants from the property by
writ of possession. In a similar case, our sister court examined an appellant’s complaint that
Countrywide Home Loans was not named as the owner on a substitute trustee’s deed. See Murphy
v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 199 S.W.3d 441, 446 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006,
pet. denied). In that case, the court noted the notice to vacate named Countrywide as the authorized
servicing agent for Federal Home Mortgage Corporation. Id. That court recognized the assertion
contained within the notice to vacate which affirmatively named Countrywide as the authorized
servicing agent as sufficient to support Countrywide’s right to possession. Id.
Likewise, we recognize the notice to vacate in this case as sufficient to support the trial
court’s finding that VRM acted as the Secretary’s agent and possessed standing to bring the
forcible detainer action. See id.; see also Morris v. Am. Home Mortg. Servicing, Inc., 360 S.W.3d
32, 35 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, no pet.) (plaintiff, as servicing agent for Wells Fargo,
had standing to bring forcible detainer action against defendant where notice to vacate named
plaintiff as servicing agent and deed of trust established a landlord-tenant relationship between
Wells Fargo and defendant); Interstate Sw., Ltd., 251 S.W.3d at 653 (holding agent had standing -5- 04-16-00835-CV
to file claims on behalf of principal where agent specifically asserted in its pleadings it was
bringing suit on principal’s behalf, agreement between agent and principal authorized agent to
bring claims on principal’s behalf, and defendant did not dispute principal’s justiciable interest in
claims brought by agent).
The Secretary, as the successor in interest to the purchaser of the property at foreclosure,
had the legal right under the deed of trust to bring a forcible detainer action against Appellants.
See Spencer v. REOCO, Inc., No. 04-16-00137-CV, 2016 WL 6609202, at *3 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio Nov. 9, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.) (holding plaintiff, as purchaser of property at
foreclosure, had legal right to bring forcible detainer action against defendant pursuant to deed of
trust provision authorizing purchaser at foreclosure to remove borrower from property). As the
agent for the Secretary, VRM had the authority to enforce the deed of trust on behalf of the
Secretary. See Morris, 360 S.W.3d at 35; Murphy, 199 S.W.3d at 446.
For the foregoing reasons, we overrule Appellants’ first, second, and third issues.
CONCLUSION
The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.
Irene Rios, Justice
-6-