Alcott v. State

26 S.W.3d 1, 1999 WL 1041137
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedSeptember 13, 2000
Docket10-97-336-CR
StatusPublished
Cited by32 cases

This text of 26 S.W.3d 1 (Alcott v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Alcott v. State, 26 S.W.3d 1, 1999 WL 1041137 (Tex. Ct. App. 2000).

Opinion

OPINION

TOM GRAY, Justice.

While in prison, Ronald Alcott threatened a fellow inmate with a hand-made sharp object. After guards were alerted, Alcott went back to his cell where he was found with the object in his hand. Alcott presented testimony at trial that he had psychiatric problems and that his medication had been adjusted at the time of the incident. He was convicted of possession of a deadly weapon in a penal institution. To enhance the sentence, the State alleged Alcott had four prior final felony convictions. After finding two or more of the alleged felony convictions to be true, the jury set his punishment at life in prison. Alcott challenges the trial court’s judgment in two issues. We affirm the judgment.

COMPETENCY

We first discuss Aleott’s second issue where he contends that the trial court erred in failing to conduct a hearing because he appeared to be incompetent during the punishment phase of his trial. Tex.Code Ceim. Pko. Ann. art. 46.02 § 2(b) (Vernon 1979). Because the evidence did not raise a “bona fide” 1 doubt as to Alcott’s competence, we overrule this issue.

Applicable Law

A person is incompetent to stand trial if he does not have “(1) sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding; or (2) a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him.” TexCode CRIM. Pro. Ann. art. 46.02 § 1(a) (Vernon 1979). A defendant is presumed to be legally competent unless proved incompetent by a preponderance of the evidence. Tex.Code CRIM. PRO. Ann. art. 46.02 § 1(b) (Vernon 1979). It is well-settled that the conviction of one who is legally incompetent to stand trial violates due process of law. Thompson v. State, 915 S.W.2d 897, 901 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1996, pet. ref'd). Likewise, a defendant must be competent at the time of his sentencing to be sentenced. Tex.Code Crim. Pro. Ann. art. 42.07 (Vernon Supp.1999); Casey v. State, 924 S.W.2d 946, 949 (Tex.Crim.App.1996).

*3 During any part of a trial, evidence of a defendant’s incompetency from any source can be brought to the trial court’s attention. Tex.Code CRIM. Pro. Ann. art. 46.02 § 2(b) (Vernon 1979); Mata v. State, 632 S.W.2d 355, 357 (Tex.Crim.App.1982); Rodriquez v. State, 816 S.W.2d 493, 495 (Tex.App.—Waco 1991, pet. ref'd). When evidence of incompetency during the trial process is produced, then the court must conduct an inquiry, referred to as a “Section 2(b) inquiry,” outside the presence of the jury to determine whether or not there is evidence to support a finding of incompetency to stand trial. Tex.Code Crim. Pro. Ann. art. 46.02 § 2(b) (Vernon 1979). The critical question for our analysis is, what quantum of evidence must be brought to the trial court’s attention to initiate a Section 2(b) inquiry. Mata, 632 S.W.2d at 357-358; Thompson, 915 S.W.2d at 901. There is no easy litmus test for answering this question, and each incident is examined on a case by case basis. Mata, 632 S.W.2d at 358, 359; Thompson, 915 S.W.2d at 902.

Before the trial court must conduct a Section 2(b) inquiry, the evidence must raise a bona fide doubt as to the competency of the defendant. Collier v. State, 959 S.W.2d 621, 625 (Tex.Crim.App.1997); Mata, 632 S.W.2d at 358. Evidence that raises a bona fide doubt is evidence that causes real doubt in the judge’s mind as to the defendant’s competency. Mata,- 632 S.W.2d at 358. In other words, the evidence must cause the trial court to have real doubt that the defendant has a sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding or a real doubt that the defendant possesses an understanding of the proceedings against him. Id. at 359; Rice v. State, 991 S.W.2d 953, 957 (Tex.App.—Fort Worth 1999, pet. ref'd). The mere fact that a defendant has been treated by a psychiatrist does not constitute evidence of present incompetency to stand trial. Thompson, 915 S.W.2d at 902; Gilbert v. State, 852 S.W.2d 623, 627 (Tex.App.—Amarillo 1993, no pet.).

Evidence Raised

Alcott argues the trial court had sufficient evidence to warrant a Section 2(b) inquiry. He contends that his witness, Dr. Ronald Massey, contributed to that evidence by testifying about Alcott’s various mental defects and the medications he was prescribed. Dr. Massey had been appointed by the trial court to evaluate Alcott’s competency to stand trial pursuant to a request by Alcott’s attorney. No motion to determine competency was filed. Dr. Massey testified during the guilt/innocence phase of the trial. Nothing in the doctor’s testimony suggested that Alcott could not communicate with his lawyer or did not understand the proceedings against him. In fact, Dr. Massey testified that Alcott was competent.

Alcott also points to his inability to enter a plea of true or not true to the enhancement paragraphs at the start of the punishment phase of his trial as additional evidence to trigger a Section 2(b) inquiry. He states in his brief that the trial court and the prosecutor obviously thought he was incompetent to enter a plea. Contrary to Alcott’s assertions, the record is devoid of what anyone thought of his competency. After the trial court asked for a plea of true or not true, Alcott’s counsel commented that she did not know whether he understood or remembered the allegations. The prosecutor merely suggested that the court enter a plea of not true. This exchange does not indicate a lack of competency. The absence of a present memory of a prior conviction does not indicate Alcott was unable to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding or create a real doubt that Alcott possessed an understanding of the proceedings against him.

Lastly, Alcott suggests that his outburst during the testimony of a State witness at punishment, in combination with the other facts, was enough to raise a bona fide *4 doubt as to his competence. We disagree. During the testimony of a State’s witness, Alcott interjected that he had tried to kill himself and that he had sought help, but no one would help. While not proper courtroom decorum, Alcott’s outburst was in response to testimony about a scar on the inside of his left wrist as an identification mark for the purpose of introducing the pen packets of Alcott’s prior felony convictions. This outburst does not raise a bona fide doubt as to his competency. See Moore v. State, 999 S.W.2d 385, 395 (Tex.Crim.App.1999).

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Bluebook (online)
26 S.W.3d 1, 1999 WL 1041137, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/alcott-v-state-texapp-2000.