Alcalde v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Florida, Inc.

62 F. Supp. 3d 1360, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 168526, 2014 WL 6765704
CourtDistrict Court, S.D. Florida
DecidedNovember 19, 2014
DocketCase No. 1:14-CV-23103-UU
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 62 F. Supp. 3d 1360 (Alcalde v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Florida, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, S.D. Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Alcalde v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Florida, Inc., 62 F. Supp. 3d 1360, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 168526, 2014 WL 6765704 (S.D. Fla. 2014).

Opinion

ORDER ON MOTION TO DISMISS

URSULA UNGARO, District Judge.

THIS CAUSE is before the Court upon Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss Counts II-VI of Plaintiffs First Amended Complaint. D.E. 12. This' Motion is fully briefed and ripe for disposition. Also before the Court is Defendant’s previously-filed Motion to Dismiss, D.E. 7.

THE COURT has considered the Motion and the pertinent portions of the record, and is otherwise fully advised in the premises. For the reasons set forth below, Defendant’s Motion, D.E. 12, is GRANTED.

Procedural History and Background

Plaintiff originally filed a Complaint in state court on July 14, 2014. D.E. 1-1 at 4-13. On August 22, 2014, Defendant removed this action to federal court, alleging that the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) completely preempted the state court Complaint and provided federal question jurisdiction to the action. D.E. 1. Defendant then filed a motion to dismiss in this Court. D.E. 7. In response, Plaintiff filed a First Amended Complaint, alleging the following claims: (Count I) Breach of Contract HMO Member Agreement (ERISA); (Count II) Breach of Oral Contract; (Count III) Third Party Beneficiary Contract; (Count IV) Open Account; (Count V) Quantum Meruit — Unjust Enrichment; and (Count VI) violation of the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act (Fla.Stat. §§ 501.201-501.213). D.E. 10. Defendant filed an Answer responding to Count I, D.E. 14, and filed this Motion seeking dismissal of Counts II through VI.

The following allegations are taken from Plaintiffs First Amended Complaint. Plaintiff is a Florida business entity doing business in the State of Florida. D.E. 10 ¶ 5. Plaintiff is a health care provider as defined by Chapter 641, Florida Statutes. Id. Defendant is a Florida corporation, and is a health maintenance organization (“HMO”) as defined by Chapter 641, Florida Statutes. Id. ¶ 7. Plaintiff was not a contracted medical provider for Defendant. Id. ¶ 9.

Plaintiff provided medical services to patients that were covered by Defendant’s health insurance. Id. ¶¶ 10, 29, 30.' The medical services were pre-approved and pre-scheduled with Defendant, and were medically necessary. Id. ¶¶ 15, 16. Plaintiff alleges that Defendant owes him [1363]*1363$201,316.64 for the medical services provided. Id. ¶ 40.

Plaintiff alleges that Defendant’s failure to pay the $201,316.64 breaches the HMO Member Agreement, which is governed by ERISA. Plaintiff also alleges, in the alternative, that (Count II) Defendant breached an oral agreement to pay for the patients’ medical services; (Count III) Defendant breached a third party beneficiary contract for failing to pay Plaintiff; (Count IV) there is an open account in the sum of $201,316.64 for the patients listed in Exhibit A attached to the First Amended Complaint; (Count V) Defendant has been unjustly enriched by accepting Plaintiffs services provided to the insured patients; and (Count VI) Defendant violated the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act, Fla. Stat. §§ 501.201-501.213.

On September 29, 2014, Defendants filed this Motion, arguing that Counts II through VI must be dismissed because any state law claims are preempted by ERISA, and because Plaintiff fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.

Legal Standard

In order to state a claim, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2) requires only “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” While a court, at this stage of the litigation, must consider the allegations contained in the plaintiffs complaint as true, this rule “is inapplicable to legal conclusions.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009). In addition, the complaint’s allegations must include “more than an unadorned, the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation.” Id. (citing Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007)). Thus, “[tjhreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclu-sory statements, do not suffice.” Id. (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955).

In practice, to survive a motion to dismiss, “a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim for relief that is plausible on its face.’ ” Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955). A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged. Id. The plausibility standard requires more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully. Id. Where a complaint pleads facts that are merely consistent with a defendant’s liability, it stops short of the line between possibility and plausibility of entitlement to relief. Id. Determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for relief is a context-specific undertaking that requires the court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense. Id. at 679, 129 S.Ct. 1937.

Analysis

Defendant argues that ERISA defensively preempts Plaintiffs state law claims. ERISA provides that it “shall supersede any and all State laws insofar as they may now or hereafter relate to any employee benefit plan.” 29 U.S.C. § 1144(a). Defendant argues that this provision precludes Plaintiffs state law claims because they have a clear connection with or reference to an ERISA plan. Plaintiff contends that he can plead Counts II, IV, V, and VI1'in the alternative because Defendant has challenged Plaintiffs standing to assert a claim under ERISA. Plaintiff argues that, as alleged, these counts do not relate to an ERISA plan. Defendant responds that Plaintiff confuses the concepts [1364]*1364of complete preemption and defensive preemption, and that defensive preemption bars Plaintiffs state law claims, even if they are pleaded in the alternative.

“ERISA was enacted in order to create a consistent and coherent nationwide framework for regulating employee benefit plans.” In re Managed Care Litig., 595 F.Supp.2d 1349, 1354 (S.D.Fla.2009). As such, ERISA expressly displaces or preempts the application of state law claims in two ways: defensive or conflict preemption under Section 514(a) of the Act; and complete or super-preemption under Section 502(a) of the Act. Id. at 1355. “Defensive preemption applies broadly to any claim that ‘relates to’ an ERISA plan, and may be pled as an affirmative defense to state law claims.” Id. (internal quotations and citations omitted).

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62 F. Supp. 3d 1360, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 168526, 2014 WL 6765704, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/alcalde-v-blue-cross-blue-shield-of-florida-inc-flsd-2014.