NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-0729-22
ALBERT H. MANWARING, IV, and MERLE MANWARING,
Plaintiffs-Respondents,
v.
BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT OF BOROUGH OF STONE HARBOR,
Defendant-Respondent,
and
KEITH PENSABENE and PAMELA PENSABENE,
Defendants-Appellants. ______________________________
Argued January 30, 2024 – Decided March 22, 2024
Before Judges Mayer, Enright and Paganelli.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Cape May County, Docket No. L-0184-21. Richard Michael King argued the cause for appellants (King Barnes, attorneys; Richard Michael King and Marisa J. Hermanovich, on the briefs).
Paul John Baldini argued the cause for respondent Board of Adjustment of Borough of Stone Harbor.
Robert A. Fineberg argued the cause for respondents Albert H. Manwaring, IV, and Merle Manwaring.
PER CURIAM
Defendants Keith and Pamela Pensabene appeal from a September 22,
2022 order reversing an approval granted by defendant Board of Adjustment of
Borough of Stone Harbor (Board) and issuing variances under N.J.S.A. 40:55D-
70(c)(2) (C-2 variance). Since we conclude the motion judge erred in his
application of the law and the Board could have reasonably reached its decision,
we vacate the order and remand for the court to reinstate the Board's approvals.
We glean the facts and procedural history from the motion record. The
Pensabenes own property at 324 101st Street, Stone Harbor, New Jersey. The
property is a nonconforming corner lot with a nonconforming single-family
structure. Since it is a corner lot, the property has: (1) a front yard setback to
101st Street; (2) a front yard setback to Sunrise Drive; and (3) a side yard setback
adjacent to property owned by Albert and Merle Manwarings' property.
A-0729-22 2 In a December 29, 2020, Legal Notice sent to all property owners within
200 feet, the Pensabenes advised they made an "application to the [Board] in
order to demolish the existing single-family dwelling and construct a new
single-family dwelling that does not meet the minimum required lot area, lot
depth, side yard setback or the maximum permitted building coverage."
The Legal Notice advised that the Pensabenes sought "[p]reliminary and
final site plan approval, if required, pursuant to the Land Use Development
Ordinance of Stone Harbor (Ordinance) as well as the Municipal Land Use Law
(MLUL) pursuant to N.J.S.A. 40:55D-46 and N.J.S.A. 40:55D-70." Further, the
Pensabenes sought
Variance relief from the [Ordinance] and [MLUL] pursuant to N.J.S.A. 40:55D-70(c) for the following:
....
c. Minimum required side yard setback, wherein [ten] feet is required, [four] feet[, nine] inches exists, and [four] feet[, nine] inches is being proposed.
d. Maximum permitted building coverage, wherein 25% is permitted, 32.9% exists and 32.9% is proposed. [1]
1 The Pensabenes also sought variance relief from the Ordinance and MLUL, for lot area and lot depth—pursuant to N.J.S.A. 40:55D-70(c)(1). The Board granted these variances and they are not part of this appeal. A-0729-22 3 The Pensabenes presented testimony from two expert witnesses, an
architect and an engineer. The architect's testimony involved "the proposed plan
for the property." He explained there was no land for purchase or expansion
around the Pensabenes' property. He highlighted the plan provided for: (1) two
on-site parking spaces and one off-site parking space, noting currently the
property had no on-site parking and, therefore, the plan would not impact on-
street parking; (2) an increase from five feet, ten inches to ten feet, one inch on
the front yard setback facing Sunrise Drive rendering the front yard setback
conforming; (3) a slight improvement with regard to building coverage; and (4)
compliance with height requirements.
The engineer testified as to the variances. He noted no variances would
be needed regarding the front yard setbacks to 101st Street and Sunrise Drive.
He explained that the front yards setbacks required a ten-foot-minimum. He
further explained the plan envisioned the front yard setback on 101st Street
would remain in compliance, going from the current nineteen feet, ten inches to
a still-compliant ten feet, two inches, and the front yard setback on Sunrise Drive
would become compliant at ten feet, one inch.
He also explained that variances would be needed for the side yard setback
adjacent to the Manwarings' property and building coverage. He noted the side
A-0729-22 4 yard setback under the Ordinance required a ten-foot minimum. He explained
the current side yard setback along the Manwarings' property was four feet, nine
inches and the plan was to maintain that nonconforming four-foot-nine-inch
setback. Further, he explained the maximum allowable building coverage was
25%; the building coverage with the current structure is 32.9%, and the proposed
structure would maintain a building coverage of 32.9%. The side yard setback
and building coverage required the C-2 variances sought by the Pensabenes.
The engineer acknowledged "anytime there's a request for relief from the
zoning ordinance there is some departure" from the ordinance. Nonetheless, he
explained: (1) both of the requested variances currently existed, therefore, the
building coverage and side yard setback were an established part of the character
of the neighborhood and preserving those characteristics could not be a
detriment; (2) the plan created on-site parking where none presently existed; (3)
the new side yard setback along Sunrise Drive would be conforming; (4) the
"view corridors" for the intersection of 101st Street and Sunrise Drive would be
significantly enhanced; (5) the new structure would be compliant with the design
elevation requirements; and (6) the encroaching shower on the side yard facing
the Manwaring's property would be eliminated.
A-0729-22 5 Further, the engineer explained the plan would advance the purposes of
the MLUL by: (1) complying with design flood elevation requirements and
making the property secure from flood and other disasters; (2) promoting the
appropriate population densities by continuing a single-family dwelling; (3)
providing sufficient space and a variety of uses the new structure would be an
upgrade from the existing structure, it would not change the character of or
development pattern of the neighborhood, and its use as a single-family dwelling
would be consistent with the zone plan; (4) promoting the free flow of traffic by
providing off-street parking where none exists; and (5) promoting a desirable
visual environment. The engineer concluded "[w]hen you look at the project in
totality, . . . it w[ould] contribute to the preservation of the neighborhood and
neighborhood aesthetics.”
Following the experts' testimony, the Board opened the meeting for public
comments and questions. Several neighbors spoke in favor of granting the
application. Albert Manwaring objected to the plan. He was concerned with,
among other issues, the side yard setback to his property and the front porch,
proposed for the 101st Street side of the structure, with underneath parking.
Regarding the side yard setback, he was concerned with "fire and safety." With
A-0729-22 6 respect to the porch, he believed, contrary to the expert, "the parking garage
effect" would not improve the aesthetics of the neighborhood.
Merle Manwaring agreed with Albert and testified against granting the
application. She requested the Pensabenes "reconsider the offset from the
street," as it would "be too close to [the Manwarings'] property [and inhibit the
Manwarings'] ab[ility] to enjoy [thei]r property."
The Board closed the hearing, the Board Solicitor summarized the C-1 and
C-2 variance standards, and the Board members engaged in discussion. The
variances were discussed together and the Board voted to grant variance relief.
The Board adopted a Resolution setting forth, in relevant part:
WHEREAS, the Board after hearing the testimony and reviewing the application and evidence submitted made the following findings of fact and conclusions of law:
5. The Board finds the testimony of the [Pensabenes], [Pensabenes]' experts, and those of the public as well as the facts contained within the exhibits as credible.
6. The Board accepts as credible the testimony of [the Pensabenes' experts] regarding the exceptional undersized nature of the lot and the two lot frontages as a hardship upon the [Pensabenes] in developing a conforming structure on the parcel. The Board accepts the testimony of the experts that the unique shape of the parcel as a triangular shape with two front yards since
A-0729-22 7 it is a corner lot also burdens the subject parcel. The Board accepts the testimony of the experts that the minimum side yard requirements based upon the size of the lot, frontage of the lot, and desirability of maintaining the existing foundational structure created a hardship in meeting the side yard requirement.
7. The Board accepts the testimony of the [Pensabenes' experts], and the public witnesses that several purposes of the [MLUL] are applicable to the [Pensabenes'] circumstance. The Board finds that the [Pensabenes'] plan will promote the public health, safety, morals, and general welfare. The Board finds that the [Pensabenes'] plan will secure safety from fire, flood, and other man- made disasters by conforming with the height requirements for FEMA and modernizing all codes within the structure. The Board finds that the proposed plan will provide adequate light, air, and open space. The Board finds that the proposed plan does establish appropriate population densities particularly since [the Pensabenes] are requesting to build a single-family structure where a duplex would be permitted. The Board finds that the proposed plan promotes a desirable visual environment through creative development techniques and good civic design and arrangement specifically relying upon the proposed plans of [the architect].
8. The Board finds that the benefits of the deviation from the Zoning Plan substantially outweigh any detriment to the Zone Plan in this particular case for the reasons stated by [the engineer] . . . .
9. The Board finds that the relief requested can be granted without substantial detriment to the public good and without substantially impairing the intent and purpose of the Zoning Plan and Zoning Ordinance . . . based upon the testimony of [the architect] and [the
A-0729-22 8 engineer] as well as the public witnesses to the effect that this proposed project will not change the character of the neighborhood, and is moving in the same direction as the neighborhood. The Board finds that the granting of the variance relief is consistent with the Master Plan and Zoning Ordinance . . . .
WHEREAS, the [Board] has determined that the [Pensabenes] have met the burden imposed by N.J.S.A. 40:55D-70C2 and that several purposes of the [MLUL] will be advanced by the requested variances and the benefits of the deviation substantially outweigh any detriment from minimum lot area, lot frontage, and side yard encroachment . . . .
WHEREAS, the [Board] has determined that the relief requested can be granted without substantial detriment to the public good and without substantially impairing the intent and purpose of the Zoning Plan and Zoning Ordinance since the proposed project will fit the character of the neighborhood and remain consistent with the intent and purpose of the Borough Zoning Ordinance and Master Plan[] . . . .
On May 21, 2021, the Manwarings filed a complaint in lieu of a
prerogative writs. The Manwarings alleged the Board acted arbitrarily,
capriciously, and unreasonably when it granted the Pensabenes' application and
requested the trial court reverse the Board's approval of the variance relief. The
Pensabenes and the Board filed their respective answers to the Manwarings'
A-0729-22 9 complaint, and the judge scheduled a hearing for the parties to present oral
argument.
The judge held oral argument on December 16, 2021. After reciting the
facts of the case, the judge shared his concerns, stating:
[I] read the transcript and . . . paid particular attention to the transcript at the point where the Board was voting. Along with the Board comments. I disagree with some of the argument made by the parties that the Board had a discussion that was clear and full about th[e variances.] I will be perfectly honest with you, I had no idea what some of the Board members were saying. I could [no]t understand what the point was with some of the comments. So, I did not find any illumination from the comments made by the Board members as to what they were voting on. . . . I can[ not] even tell from this record if all of the Board members knew which variances they were voting on at the same time.
The judge explained a "clearer record" was needed for him to analyze
whether the Board's actions were arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable. As a
result, in pertinent part, the judge remanded the matter to the Board with
instructions "to vote on the variances separately" and identify the specific
section of N.J.S.A. 40:55D-70 implicated. On December 16, 2022, the judge
entered a written order memorializing his oral decision and setting forth a
supplemental briefing schedule.
A-0729-22 10 On January 31, 2022, in accordance with the judge's order, the Board held
the remand hearing. Following discussion, the Board voted to approve the side
yard setback variance and building coverage variance under the C-2 criteria.
After voting on the variance relief, the Board adopted a Supplemental
Resolution granting the variances. The Supplemental Resolution set forth the
following factual findings and conclusions of law:
WHEREAS, the Board entered into additional findings of fact and clarification on motions:
1. The Board finds and adopts all of the evidence and testimony presented at the original hearing of March 1, 2021 and as specifically enumerated in [the Resolution] including all findings of fact.
4. The Board finds and readopts the findings of fact and evidence relevant to the side yard setback and building coverage variances and stands by those findings of fact as considered and found at the March 1, 2021 Hearing. At the March 1, 2021 Hearing, the Board found that the [Pensabenes]' plan will promote the public health, safety, morals, and general welfare. The Board found that the [Pensabenes]' plan would secure safety from fire, flood, and other man-made disasters by conforming with the height requirements for FEMA and modernizing all codes within the structure. The Board found the plan will provide adequate light, air, and open space. The Board found that the plan does establish appropriate population densities particularly since [the Pensabenes] are requesting to build a single-family structure where a
A-0729-22 11 duplex would be permitted. Finally, the Board previously found the proposed plan promotes a desirable visual environment through creative development techniques and good civic design and arrangement based upon the architectural plans . . . . Those findings of fact are reaffirmed by the Board at the Remand Hearing.
5. The Board reaffirmed its finding that the benefits of the deviation from the Zoning Plan substantially outweighs any detriment to the Zoning Plan finding that the Board's review of the plan overall was a good fit for the neighborhood, and that the Board finds that the project was a good project with the full support of the Board.
6. Finally, the Board again considered the negative criteria and found again that the relief requested by the [Pensabenes] can be granted without substantial detriment to the public good and without substantially impairing the intent and purpose of the Zoning Plan and Zoning Ordinance based upon the findings that the project plan was a good project plan and consistent with the neighborhood.
8. The Board finds that the Board intended to grant the side yard variance of [four feet, nine inches] for the plan, including the structure and front deck.
WHEREAS, the [Board] has determined that the [Pensabenes] have met the burden imposed by N.J.S.A. 40:55D-70C2 and that several purposes of the M[LUL] will be advanced by the requested variances for side yard setback, including the front deck, and building
A-0729-22 12 coverage and the benefits of the deviation substantially outweigh any detriment for the granting of the aforesaid two variances and said variances for side yard setback for one side yard of [four feet, nine inches] including the front deck and building coverage can be granted so long as the [Pensabenes] comply with the terms and conditions set forth in [the Resolution]; and
WHEREAS, the [Board] has determined that the requested relief can be granted without substantial detriment to the public good and without substantially impairing the intent and purpose of the Zoning Plan and Zoning Ordinance since the proposed project will fit the character of the neighborhood and remain consistent with the intent and purpose of the . . . Zoning Ordinance and Master Plan; and
WHEREAS, the [Board] specifically readopts all of the findings contained in [the Resolution] and incorporates all of those findings into this Resolution;
NOW THEREFORE, LET IT BE RESOLVED by the . . . Board on this 7th day of February, 2022, that the application of [the Pensabenes] for variance relief for . . . side yard setback, including the front deck, and building coverage is hereby granted and approved subject to all of the terms and conditions contained in [the First Resolution] and for the reasons aforesaid and the reasons contained in [the Resolution].
Trial court held another hearing on May 10, 2022, and considered the
parties' original submittals and the Manwarings' supplemental brief. The judge
reserved his decision and, on September 30, 2022, entered an order and
A-0729-22 13 accompanying statement of reasons reversing the Boards' approval of the
Pensabenes' land use application.
The judge found the Board's approval was arbitrary, capricious, and
unreasonable because: (1) the "Pensabenes did not apply nor advertise for a
separate variance for the expansion of the pre-existing nonconforming structure,
nor did the Board approve any such variance," relying in part on Engelside;2 (2)
in granting the side yard setback it failed to: (i) "point to even one" of the
purposes of zoning being advanced; (ii) state any benefit to the side yard setback
variance that substantially outweighed the detriment; (iii) did not analyze the
impact of the side yard setback variance on the Manwarings' property; and (iv)
only the Pensabenes' interests were advanced by the grant of the variance; and
(3) the same reasons that supported his findings on the side yard setback
variance supported his finding the building coverage variance was also
improper.
2 Engleside at West Condominium Ass'n. v. Land Use Bd. of Borough of Beech Haven, 301 N.J. Super. 628 (Law Div. 1997).
A-0729-22 14 The Manwarings contend the judge's reversal of the Board's decision was
correct.3 However, the Pensabenes contend on appeal the judge erred because:
(1) he "substitute[ed his] own judgment for that of the Board where the Board's
decision was supported by evidence, including expert testimony, public
comments and discussion of the Board's opinion on two separate occasions"; (2)
his "decision . . . rested on flawed analysis and application of New Jersey zoning
law"; and (3) the Legal Notice was adequate. The Board joins in the Pensabenes'
arguments.
"Our standard of review for the grant or denial of a variance is the same
as that applied by the Law Division." Advance at Branchburg II, LLC v.
Branchburg Twp. Bd. of Adjustment, 433 N.J. Super. 247, 252 (App. Div. 2013)
(citation omitted). "Ordinarily, when a party challenges a zoning board's
decision through an action in lieu of prerogative writs, the zoning board's
decision is entitled to deference." Kane Props., LLC v. City of Hoboken, 214
3 The Manwarings also argue the Board's approval without a required variance from Stone Harbor Zoning Ordinance § 560-14 which, as amended after the Pensabenes filed their application, limited impervious lot coverage to fifty -five percent was arbitrary, capricious, and unreasonable. However, the judge declined to consider that argument, finding the "time of application rule," N.J.S.A. 40:55D-10.5, precluded such consideration. The Manwarings have not appealed that decision and, therefore, we do not consider that argument here. See Davis v. Devereux Found., 209 N.J. 269, 298 n.9 (2012). A-0729-22 15 N.J. 199, 229 (2013). The board's "factual determinations are presumed to be
valid and its decision to grant or deny relief is only overturned if it is arbitrary,
capricious[,] or unreasonable." Ibid. (citing Burbridge v. Twp. of Mine Hill,
117 N.J. 376, 385 (1990); Kramer v. Bd. of Adjustment of Sea Girt, 45 N.J. 268,
296 (1965)). While the board's factual findings are entitled to substantial
deference, its legal conclusions are subject to de novo review. Nucel v. Little
Ferry Planning Bd., 208 N.J. 95, 102 (2011). "Because a board of adjustment's
actions are presumed valid, the party 'attacking such action [has] the burden of
proving otherwise.'" Cell S. of N.J. v. Zoning Bd. of Adjustment, 172 N.J. 75,
81 (2002) (alteration in original) (quoting N.Y. SMSA Ltd. P'ship v. Bd. of
Adjustment, 324 N.J. Super. 149, 163 (App. Div. 1999)).
The proper scope of judicial review is "to determine whether the board
could reasonably have reached its decision." Davis Enters. v. Karpf, 105 N.J.
476, 485 (1987) (citing Kramer, 45 N.J. at 285; Kessler v. Bowker, 174 N.J.
Super. 478, 485 (App. Div. 1979)). A reviewing court "will not substitute its
judgment for that of a board 'even when it is doubtful about the wisdom of the
action.'" Cell S., 172 N.J. at 81 (quoting Cellular Tel. Co. v. Zoning Bd. of
Adjustment, 90 F.Supp. 2d 57, 563 (D.N.J. 2000)). "[C]ourts ordinarily should
not disturb the discretionary decisions of local boards that are supported by
A-0729-22 16 substantial evidence in the record and reflect a correct application of the relevant
principals of land use law." Lang v. Zoning Bd. of Adjustment, 160 N.J. 41, 58-
59 (1999). "Accordingly, we will not disturb a board's decision unless we find
a clear abuse of discretion." Cell S., 172 N.J. at 82 (citation omitted).
"[T]he [board's] giving of statutory notice of hearing is a jurisdictional
requirement, and unless notice is given as required by statute the board lacks
power to hear or consider an application even if the subject matter is within its
statutory power." Twp. of Stafford v. Stafford Twp. Zoning Bd. of Adjustment,
154 N.J. 62, 79 (1998) (alteration in original) (citations omitted). In accord with
N.J.S.A. 40:55D-11, "[n]otices . . . shall state the date, time and place of the
hearing, the nature of the matters to be considered." Plainly,
the purpose for notifying the public of the "nature of the matters to be considered" is to ensure that members of the general public who may be affected by the nature and character of the proposed development are fairly apprised thereof so that they may make an informed determination as to whether they should participate in the hearing or, at least, look more closely at the plans and other documents on file.
[Perlmart of Lacey, Inc. v. Lacey Twp. Planning Bd., 295 N.J. Super. 234, 237-38 (App. Div. 1996).]
When evaluating the evidence presented during hearings, "'the Board 'has
the choice of accepting or rejecting the testimony of witnesses. Where
A-0729-22 17 reasonably made, such choice is conclusive on appeal.'" Kramer, 45 N.J. at 288
(quoting Reinauer Realty Corp. v. Nucera, 59 N.J. Super. 189, 201 (App. Div.
1960)); accord Allen v. Hopewell Twp. Bd. of Adjustment, 227 N.J. Super. 574,
581 (App. Div. 1988) (stating the board had discretion to "accept or reject" the
expert's opinions).
In considering a C-2 variance, the board must determine if "the purposes
of th[e MLUL] . . . would be advanced by a deviation from the zoning ordinance
requirements and the benefits of the deviation would substantially outweigh any
detriment." N.J.S.A. 40:55D-70(c)(2). "'By definition, then, no [C-2] variance
should be granted when merely the purposes of the owner will be advanced. The
grant of approval must actually benefit the community in that it represents a
better zoning alternative for the property.'" Lang, 160 N.J. at 57 (quoting
Kaufmann v. Planning Bd. of Warren, 110 N.J. 551, 562 (1988)).
When analyzing a C-2 variance application, the Board must consider the
request in light of the totality of the circumstances. "[A] variance cannot be
considered in isolation, but must be considered in the context of its effect on the
development proposal, the neighborhood, and the zoning plan." Pullen v. Twp.
of S. Plainfield Planning Bd., 291 N.J. Super. 1, 9 (App. Div. 1996).
A-0729-22 18 The Board "shall include findings of fact and conclusions based thereon
in each decision on any application for development and shall reduce the
decision to writing." N.J.S.A. 40:55D-10(g). The Board "shall provide the
findings and conclusions through [a] resolution adopted at a meeting." N.J.S.A.
40:55D-10(g)(1).
The Board's resolution "must contain sufficient findings, based on the
proofs submitted, to satisfy a reviewing court that the board has analyzed the
applicant's variance request in accordance with the statute and in light of the
municipality's master plan and zoning ordinances." N.Y. SMSA, L.P. v. Bd. of
Adjustment of Twp. of Weehawken, 370 N.J. Super. 319, 333 (App. Div. 2004).
"The factual findings set forth in a resolution cannot consist of a mere recital of
testimony or conclusory statements couched in statutory language." Id. at 332-
33. In addition, "[i]t is the resolution, and not board members' deliberations,
that provides the statutorily required findings of fact and conclusions." Id. at
334 (citation omitted).
Our inquiry is threefold: (1) what variances were necessitated by the
Pensabenes' application; (2) did they provide sufficient notice of the required
variances; and (3) could the Board have reasonably reached its decision in
granting variance relief.
A-0729-22 19 With the exception of the foundation, the Pensabenes' plan was to
demolish the existing structure. The Legal Notice advised they were "seeking
relief in order to demolish the existing single-family dwelling and construct a
new single-family dwelling" and variance relief from the "[m]inimum required
side yard setback, wherein [ten] feet in total is required, [four] feet[, nine] inches
exists and [four] feet[, nine] inches is being proposed" and "[m]aximum
permitted building coverage, wherein 25% is permitted, 32.9% exists and 32.9%
is proposed."
There is no dispute the existing structure was a pre-existing
nonconforming structure. Once demolished, however, the pre-existing
nonconforming structure would cease to exist. See Motely v. Borough of
Seaside Park Zoning Bd. of Adjustment, 430 N.J. Super. 132, 144 (App. Div.
2013) (quoting S & S Auto Sales, Inc. v. Zoning Bd of Adjustment of Borough
of Stratford, 373 N.J. Super. 603, 619-20 (App. Div. 2004)) ("total destruction
of such a structure, 'whether by the owner's design or by accident,' terminates
the nonconforming use").4
The Pensabenes' plan to demolish the entire structure, except for the
foundation, is a total destruction. "Prior cases have construed total destruction
4 For this analysis, there is no meaningful distinction between use or structure. A-0729-22 20 to mean substantially totally destroyed." Motley, 430 N.J. Super. at 144
(internal quotations omitted) (citations omitted). In Motley, we observed "by
removing every part of the structure except the foundation and the footings,
plaintiff effected a total destruction." Id. at 147.
Here, the judge acknowledged "the existing building [wa]s to be
demolished except for the foundation" and that "this constitute[d] more than a
partial destruction," but nonetheless found that it was "appropriate to analyze
th[e] change as an expansion of a pre-existing nonconforming structure."
However, there would be no pre-existing nonconforming structure after the
structure was totally destroyed. Therefore, the Pensabenes' application should
not have been viewed through the lens of an expansion of a pre-existing
nonconforming structure. In this respect the judge's analysis and the
Manwarings' arguments are misplaced.
Similarly, the judge's reliance on Engleside was misplaced. In Engleside,
the issue was "whether the expansion of a nonconforming structure require[d] a
subsection c or d variance pursuant to N.J.S.A. 40:55D-70." Id. at 630.
Engleside is not relevant here since we are not concerned with the expansion of
a nonconforming structure.
A-0729-22 21 The judge was correct in finding the Pensabenes "did not apply nor
advertise for a separate variance for the expansion of the pre-existing
nonconforming structure, nor did the Board approve any such variance."
However, the Pensabenes were not required to advertise for such a separate
variance because they were not seeking such an expansion. Instead, the
Pensabenes were merely seeking C-2 variance relief.
Understanding the variance required for the Pensabenes' application, we
next turn to the sufficiency of the Pensabenes' Legal Notice. As relevant here,
the Pensabenes' Legal Notice advised it was planning to demolish the structure
and requested: (1) minimum required side yard setback, wherein ten feet is
required, four feet, nine inches exists and four feet, nine inches was proposed;
and (2) maximum permitted building coverage, wherein 25% is permitted,
32.9% exists and 32.9% was proposed.
The Legal Notice complied with N.J.S.A. 40:55D-11 by stating "the
nature of the matters to be considered." Further, the Legal Notice fairly apprised
of "the nature and character of the proposed development so [the public] could
make an informed determination as to whether they should participate in the
hearing" or "look more closely at the plans and other documents on file."
Perlmart, 195 N.J. Super. at 237-38. Thus, the Legal Notice was sufficient.
A-0729-22 22 Having determined the Pensabenes appropriately sought C-2 variance
relief, not an expansion of a nonconforming structure; and their Legal Notice
provided sufficient information regarding the requested variances, we next
address whether the Board's grant of the variances was arbitrary, capricious, or
unreasonable.
Given our narrow scope of review, we are satisfied the criteria for the
C-2 variances was adequately demonstrated in this case. The Board's resolutions
clearly and unequivocally detailed its findings. The grant of approval must
"actually benefit the community in that it represents a better zoning alternative
for the property." Kaufmann, 110 N.J. at 563. In this respect, the Board's
determination, supported by unrefuted and credible expert testimony,
concluding the purposes of the MLUL, sub-sections (a), (b), (c), (e), and (i) of
N.J.S.A. 40:55D-2 would be advanced by the plan and the benefits of variances
substantially outweighed the detriments, is sufficiently supported in the record.
To the extent we have not addressed any of the Manwarings' remaining
arguments, we conclude they lack sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a
written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
Vacated and remanded for the court to reinstate the Board's approvals.
We do not retain jurisdiction.
A-0729-22 23