Albany Insurance Co. v. Stephens

926 S.W.2d 460, 1995 Ky. App. LEXIS 210, 1995 WL 738721
CourtCourt of Appeals of Kentucky
DecidedOctober 27, 1995
DocketNo. 94-CA-571-MR
StatusPublished

This text of 926 S.W.2d 460 (Albany Insurance Co. v. Stephens) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Kentucky primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Albany Insurance Co. v. Stephens, 926 S.W.2d 460, 1995 Ky. App. LEXIS 210, 1995 WL 738721 (Ky. Ct. App. 1995).

Opinion

OPINION

JOHNSTONE, Judge.

The single question to be resolved in this appeal is whether KRS 304.33-330 precludes appellants from setting off premiums owed the estate of Delta America Re Insurance Company, a company in liquidation, against losses owed by Delta to appellants. The trial judge concluded that appellants were not entitled to the requested set-off, upholding the liquidator’s partial rejection of appellants’ proofs of claim. Finding no error in the decision of the trial judge, we affirm.

This appeal arises from the context of complex litigation stemming from the declaration of Delta’s insolvency in 1985. Appellants timely filed proofs of claim with the liquidator of Delta, calculated by netting the amounts due Delta against the losses owed by Delta to appellants. They asserted that this netting calculation was consistent with, and pursuant to, express language of certain reinsurance contracts or treaties entered into between the various insurance and reinsurance companies who are parties to this litigation. The liquidator, however, partially rejected appellants’ proofs of claim on the ground that the attempted set-off contravened the language of KRS 304.33-330, the “Kentucky Setoff Statute,” and, in response to appellants’ filing of objections, sought a ruling from the Franklin Circuit Court as to appellants’ entitlement to net losses against premium. On February 4, 1994, the trial judge entered the order precipitating this appeal.

Pertinent to our consideration is the following portion of that order:

KRS 304.33-330 states:
No setoff or counterclaim shall be allowed in favor of any person where ... (d) the obligation of the person is to pay premiums, whether earned or unearned, to the insurer.
The term “insurer” is defined in KRS 304.1-040 to include:
[Ejvery person engaged as principal and as indemnitor, surety or contractor in the business of entering into contracts of insurance.
“Insurance” is defined as “a contract whereby one undertakes to pay or indemnify another as to loss from certain specified contingencies or perils called ‘risks’.” KRS 304.1-030. “Person” is defined as:
[A]n individual, insurer, company, association, organization, Lloyd’s insurer, society, reciprocal insurer or inter-insurance exchange[s], partnership, syndicate, business trust or corporation, and every other related entity. [KRS 304.1-020].
From an examination of the applicable statutory provisions, it is apparent that the Petitioners’ contentions regarding the set-off provisions are erroneous. Petitioners are included in the statutory definition of “persons” and they currently owe payments to the insolvent company. KRS 304.33-330 specifically prohibits setting off premiums. Allowing Petitioners to set off their losses to the exclusion of other creditors would contravene both the letter and the spirit of the Insurance Code. If setoff were permitted, it would give Petitioners a distinct advantage over other claimants. Neither are Petitioners saved by denominating their claims as “recoupment” claims. The General Assembly, in enacting this provision, sought to include all demands which might be asserted against the insolvent institution. Petitioners’ additional arguments, that the equitable right of setoff survives the enactment of KRS 304.33-330 and the Bankruptcy Code allows setoff, are equally without merit. While the Bankruptcy Code permits setoff, Kentucky law specifically prohibits it. Additionally, the equitable right of setoff was clearly supplanted by the provisions of the insurance code.

We are in complete agreement with the trial judge’s construction of the statutes and appli[462]*462cation of those enactments to the facts presented.

Appellants’ insistence that KRS 304.33-330(2)(d) is inapplicable to transactions between reinsureds and reinsurers cannot be reconciled with either the statutory definitions cited by the trial judge or the plainly expressed purpose of the subtitle embodied in the following sections of KRS 304.33-010:

(3) Liberal construction. This subtitle shall be liberally construed to effect the purpose stated in subsection (4) of this section.
(4) Purpose. The purpose of this subtitle is the protection of the interests of insureds, creditors, and the public generally, with minimum interference with the normal prerogative of proprietors, through:
(a) Early detection of any potentially dangerous condition in an insurer, and prompt application of appropriate corrective measures, neither unduly harsh nor subject to the kind of publicity that would needlessly damage or destroy the insurer;
(b) Improved methods for rehabilitating insurers, by enlisting the advice and management expertise of the insurance industry;
(c) Enhanced efficiency and economy of liquidation, through clarification and specification of the law, to minimize legal uncertainty and litigation;
(d) Equitable apportionment of any unavoidable loss;
(e) Lessening the problems of interstate rehabilitation and liquidation by facilitating cooperation between states in the liquidation process, and by extension of the scope of personal jurisdiction over debtors of the insurer outside this state; and
(f) Regulation of the insurance business by the impact of the law relating to delinquency procedures and substantive rules on the entire insurance business.

KRS 304.33-010 (emphasis added). Guided by these clear statements of legislative purpose and mindful of the statutory definitions, we turn to an examination of the decision below.

The propriety of the trial judge’s analysis of Delta’s status as an “insurer” is borne out not only by KRS 304.1-040, but also by KRS 304.5-130’s definition of “reinsurance” as:

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
926 S.W.2d 460, 1995 Ky. App. LEXIS 210, 1995 WL 738721, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/albany-insurance-co-v-stephens-kyctapp-1995.