The Chancellor.
The decree of affirmance was perfectly regular, according to the settled practice of the court. Mortgage cases of the fourth class are entitled to a preference, over other causes of that class, unless an affidavit of merits is filed, and the filing thereof noted on the calendar. It is not necessary that a new affidavit should be filed at every term the cause is noticed for hearing. But to deprive the complainant [142]*142of the preference given by the 91st rule, the defendant must see that the fact of the filing of such an affidavit is duly noted upon the calendar at every term. The settled practice of the court, upon reaching the' fourth class of causes, is to call for mortgage cases of. that class; and to hear those as to which there is- no note upon the calendar 'of the filing of an affidavit of merits. And they are then heard in the order in which they stand on the calendar, before any other causes of that class are taken up. But if they are not moved at that time, they lose their preference, and must be heard with other causes of the fourth class, in the order in which they are placed upon the calendar.
The preference given to mortgage cases of the fourth, class, also applies to such cases when they are brought before the chancellor upon appeal, if the decree of the vice chancellor was in favor- of the complainant. But where the decree was in favor of. the defendant, the legal presumption-is, that the decree was right; and the cause will not be entitled to a preference, although no affidavit of merits is made by the respondent. In case .the decision was in favor of the complainant in. the foreclosure suit, however, a new affidavit of merits, in the appeal cause, must be filed, as well as noted on the calendar, or the respondent-will-have the right to claim a preference, over other causes of the same class, when that class of causes is reached. For counsel, who had advised their client that he had a meritorious defence, before the hearing in the court below, might not be able to do so conscientiously, under his oath of office, after he had heard the arguments of the adverse counsel, and the decision of the vice chancellor upon the merits of the case.
In this case, the excuse appears to be sufficient for not filing an. affidavit and noting it. on the calendar; as . the defendant’s solicitor swears that he mistook.the practice,by supposing that the last: clause of the 91st rule did not apply to appeal causes. I have therefore looked into the pleadings and proofs in. this case, for . the purpose of seeing whether the counsel, who argued the ca.use before the vice chancellor,- is right in supposing that his client has. a meritorious defence; For if. he is. wrong.in [143]*143that respect, there is no ground for disturbing the decree of affirmance, which has been entered by his default. It was upon that ground^ and to prevent unnecessary delay, that I permitted the counsel on. both sides, upon the argument of this motion, to go fully into the merits of the case.
I am inclined to think the vice chancellor is right in supposing that the answer sets up no good defence to this foreclosure suit. To constitute a good defence, it is necessary not only to show that the defendant was. defrauded, but also that he was defrauded by the mortgagee or his agents; or at least to show that the mortgagee, at the time he gave the deed to the defendant, and took back a bond and mortgage for the unpaid purchase money, was aware that the defendant had been deceived and defrauded by others, in making the purchase of the undivided twentieth of the premises from them. And the several facts necessary to constitute the fraud, and to bring home to the mortgagee the knowledge of it, should be distinctly stated in the answer. But even if there are sufficient allegations of fraud in this answer to vitiate the bond and mortgage as against the mortgagee, no such fraud is proved.
It is necessary to see the situation in which the different parties were placed in reference to this transaction, in examining the question whether Aikin was concerned in any of the frauds which were practised upon the defendant by others. Aikin, as the owner of th'c Greenbush farm, had entered into a written agreement with Hardie to sell and convey the farm to him, on or before the first of April, 1836, for the price of $60,000, if he should elect to buy the same within that time, and should pay $20,000 in cash, and give his bond and mortgage upon the whole premises for the residue of the purchase money; payable in eight years, with annual interest. Valentine, being a co-partner with Hardie in the business of buying and selling lands, was jointly interested with him in this contract; although it was given iti the name of Hardie alone. Hardie and Valentine afterwards sold.half of their interest in this contract to Van Epps and Nicholl. The four persons who had thus obtained the pre-emptive right of purchase at $60,000, from Aikin, fixed [144]*144their price of the farm at $100,000; which they divided into twenty shares of $5000 each. They offered the same to purchasers at that price; one-fourth of the purchase money to be paid down, at the execution of the conveyances to the purchasers, and the residue to be paid in eight years, with' interest at the rate of six per cent, payable semi-annually. A contract was subsequently entered into between themselves, as the vendors, of the one part, and the defendant and others, as subscribers for the shares, of the other part, to procure conveyances for the several subscribers upon those terms and at that price; the contractors themselves subscribing for some of the shares in then own names. The testimony renders it highly probable that Van Epps employed Ackland to get the defendant and others to subscribe for shares in the farm, upon the false representation that Aikin was selling the farm for the $100,000, and by concealing from them the fact that Hardie and Valentine, and Van Epps and NichoII, had a contract with Aikin to purchase the farm horn him at three-fifths of that sum. But I have not been able to find any evidence that Aikin ever employed either of those persons to act as agents for him; or that he was aware of the fact that they had professed to act as his agents. Nor is there any thing to satisfy me that he knew any false representations had been made, or that he was aware that any of the subscribers were ignorant of the terms upon which he had agreed to sell the farm, and the "price he was to receive for it. The declarations of Van Epps are not evidence against the complainants or then testator, to .establish the fact of such agency. And for the same reason, the testimony of Wendell, as to what Van Epps told him, was improperly received.
Aikin appears to have been unacquainted with most of the subscribers, and even with some of the assignees of his contract for the,pre-emptive right of purchase, until he was sen: for to come to New-York to execute the necessary conveyances, to carry into effect the agreement, made by the subscribers for shares, with the holders of his contract. And in those speculating times, when city lots, even in the wilderness, sometimes doubled and even trebled in price in the course of a few weeks, [145]*145Mr. Aikin might well have supposed that the persons holding his contract for a farm in the new city of East Albany, had honestly resold the site of that city for nearly double the sum which he had contracted with Hardie to sell it to him for, three or four months previous to that time. Every thing that took place at the time of the execution of the deeds and mortgages, may fairly be accounted for upon that supposition.
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The Chancellor.
The decree of affirmance was perfectly regular, according to the settled practice of the court. Mortgage cases of the fourth class are entitled to a preference, over other causes of that class, unless an affidavit of merits is filed, and the filing thereof noted on the calendar. It is not necessary that a new affidavit should be filed at every term the cause is noticed for hearing. But to deprive the complainant [142]*142of the preference given by the 91st rule, the defendant must see that the fact of the filing of such an affidavit is duly noted upon the calendar at every term. The settled practice of the court, upon reaching the' fourth class of causes, is to call for mortgage cases of. that class; and to hear those as to which there is- no note upon the calendar 'of the filing of an affidavit of merits. And they are then heard in the order in which they stand on the calendar, before any other causes of that class are taken up. But if they are not moved at that time, they lose their preference, and must be heard with other causes of the fourth class, in the order in which they are placed upon the calendar.
The preference given to mortgage cases of the fourth, class, also applies to such cases when they are brought before the chancellor upon appeal, if the decree of the vice chancellor was in favor- of the complainant. But where the decree was in favor of. the defendant, the legal presumption-is, that the decree was right; and the cause will not be entitled to a preference, although no affidavit of merits is made by the respondent. In case .the decision was in favor of the complainant in. the foreclosure suit, however, a new affidavit of merits, in the appeal cause, must be filed, as well as noted on the calendar, or the respondent-will-have the right to claim a preference, over other causes of the same class, when that class of causes is reached. For counsel, who had advised their client that he had a meritorious defence, before the hearing in the court below, might not be able to do so conscientiously, under his oath of office, after he had heard the arguments of the adverse counsel, and the decision of the vice chancellor upon the merits of the case.
In this case, the excuse appears to be sufficient for not filing an. affidavit and noting it. on the calendar; as . the defendant’s solicitor swears that he mistook.the practice,by supposing that the last: clause of the 91st rule did not apply to appeal causes. I have therefore looked into the pleadings and proofs in. this case, for . the purpose of seeing whether the counsel, who argued the ca.use before the vice chancellor,- is right in supposing that his client has. a meritorious defence; For if. he is. wrong.in [143]*143that respect, there is no ground for disturbing the decree of affirmance, which has been entered by his default. It was upon that ground^ and to prevent unnecessary delay, that I permitted the counsel on. both sides, upon the argument of this motion, to go fully into the merits of the case.
I am inclined to think the vice chancellor is right in supposing that the answer sets up no good defence to this foreclosure suit. To constitute a good defence, it is necessary not only to show that the defendant was. defrauded, but also that he was defrauded by the mortgagee or his agents; or at least to show that the mortgagee, at the time he gave the deed to the defendant, and took back a bond and mortgage for the unpaid purchase money, was aware that the defendant had been deceived and defrauded by others, in making the purchase of the undivided twentieth of the premises from them. And the several facts necessary to constitute the fraud, and to bring home to the mortgagee the knowledge of it, should be distinctly stated in the answer. But even if there are sufficient allegations of fraud in this answer to vitiate the bond and mortgage as against the mortgagee, no such fraud is proved.
It is necessary to see the situation in which the different parties were placed in reference to this transaction, in examining the question whether Aikin was concerned in any of the frauds which were practised upon the defendant by others. Aikin, as the owner of th'c Greenbush farm, had entered into a written agreement with Hardie to sell and convey the farm to him, on or before the first of April, 1836, for the price of $60,000, if he should elect to buy the same within that time, and should pay $20,000 in cash, and give his bond and mortgage upon the whole premises for the residue of the purchase money; payable in eight years, with annual interest. Valentine, being a co-partner with Hardie in the business of buying and selling lands, was jointly interested with him in this contract; although it was given iti the name of Hardie alone. Hardie and Valentine afterwards sold.half of their interest in this contract to Van Epps and Nicholl. The four persons who had thus obtained the pre-emptive right of purchase at $60,000, from Aikin, fixed [144]*144their price of the farm at $100,000; which they divided into twenty shares of $5000 each. They offered the same to purchasers at that price; one-fourth of the purchase money to be paid down, at the execution of the conveyances to the purchasers, and the residue to be paid in eight years, with' interest at the rate of six per cent, payable semi-annually. A contract was subsequently entered into between themselves, as the vendors, of the one part, and the defendant and others, as subscribers for the shares, of the other part, to procure conveyances for the several subscribers upon those terms and at that price; the contractors themselves subscribing for some of the shares in then own names. The testimony renders it highly probable that Van Epps employed Ackland to get the defendant and others to subscribe for shares in the farm, upon the false representation that Aikin was selling the farm for the $100,000, and by concealing from them the fact that Hardie and Valentine, and Van Epps and NichoII, had a contract with Aikin to purchase the farm horn him at three-fifths of that sum. But I have not been able to find any evidence that Aikin ever employed either of those persons to act as agents for him; or that he was aware of the fact that they had professed to act as his agents. Nor is there any thing to satisfy me that he knew any false representations had been made, or that he was aware that any of the subscribers were ignorant of the terms upon which he had agreed to sell the farm, and the "price he was to receive for it. The declarations of Van Epps are not evidence against the complainants or then testator, to .establish the fact of such agency. And for the same reason, the testimony of Wendell, as to what Van Epps told him, was improperly received.
Aikin appears to have been unacquainted with most of the subscribers, and even with some of the assignees of his contract for the,pre-emptive right of purchase, until he was sen: for to come to New-York to execute the necessary conveyances, to carry into effect the agreement, made by the subscribers for shares, with the holders of his contract. And in those speculating times, when city lots, even in the wilderness, sometimes doubled and even trebled in price in the course of a few weeks, [145]*145Mr. Aikin might well have supposed that the persons holding his contract for a farm in the new city of East Albany, had honestly resold the site of that city for nearly double the sum which he had contracted with Hardie to sell it to him for, three or four months previous to that time. Every thing that took place at the time of the execution of the deeds and mortgages, may fairly be accounted for upon that supposition. By reference to the contract with Hardie, it will be seen that Aikin was to be paid $>20,000 in cash, and was to receive one mortgage, upon the whole premises, for the residue of the purchase money. But, by the contract between the owners of that pre-emptive right to purchase, and the subscrioers for the twenty shares into which the farm was to be divided, each of the subscribers was to have a deed for his own undivided share of the land, and was to give his own bond and mortgage upon that undivided share only. And the interest upon the unpaid purchase money was to be at the rate of six per cent only. It was perfectly natural, therefore, that Aikin should require, of the persons entitled to the benefit of his contract, that all the securities, from them and their sub-contractors, should be taken to himself; to secure the payment of the balance of his $60,000, and interest, beyond what he should then receive in cash. And as the holders of his contract probably had not the money to pay their quarter down, for the shares subscribed for by themselves, it would be necessary to deduct that amount from their shares of the profits upon their resales. The contract was therefore carried into effect in that way. And he took all the moneys and securities into his own hands; to be arranged between him and the holders of his contract, according to their rights and interests therein as between themselves. It is true, the subsequent agreement, with Valentine, states that he had assistedAikin as his agent in making the sale. But the contract with Hardie, which is also in evidence, shows what the nature of that agency was ; and that Valentine in fact contracted to sell the premises for the $>100,000, for his own benefit, as one of the owners of the pre-emptive right of purchase. And even if Aikin had in fact employed him as an agent in this matter, there [146]*146is no evidence that Valentine either made "representations which were false, or concealed 'any thing which - he" ought to have disclosed. ■
No objection was'made, in- the answer, for want of proper pár ties; and ho' foundation for such an objection appears "in the bill. Nófis the-allegation-in the answer, as to the contract between Aikin of the one part, and Van Epps, Valentine and Hardie of the other,- proved in this case. No" valid' objection- to the decree, therefore, exists upon the-ground óf a want" of proper parties. If the defendant has-been defrauded by Van -Epps, or by his agent, and if it should eventually appear that any part of the fund collected on this bond and mortgage belongs to him, perhaps it" may be reached by a bill‘in this court,' to' prevent its being paid over to him by 'the executors. But even that is very doubtful. It is sufficient to say, it’ cannot be reached by any proceeding in this suit.
The decree of affirmance being regular,- and the merits’ of the case entirely with the respondents, the motion-to open- that decree must be denied; with costs.