Aiken v. General Motors Corp.

687 A.2d 186, 1997 Del. LEXIS 12, 1997 WL 16805
CourtSupreme Court of Delaware
DecidedJanuary 7, 1997
DocketNo. 143, 1996
StatusPublished

This text of 687 A.2d 186 (Aiken v. General Motors Corp.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Delaware primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Aiken v. General Motors Corp., 687 A.2d 186, 1997 Del. LEXIS 12, 1997 WL 16805 (Del. 1997).

Opinion

HOLLAND, Justice:

This is an appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court. That judgment affirmed the Industrial Accident Board’s (“Board”) denial of benefits to the employee-appellant, Sheila Aiken (“Aiken”). The injury at issue occurred during the course of Aiken’s employment with General Motors Corporation (“GMC”), the employer-appellee.

Aiken contends that the Board erred, as a matter of law, in denying her compensation for permanent disfigurement pursuant to 19 Del.C. § 2326(f), that was caused by an undisputed work-related industrial accident. In particular, Aiken argues that the Board erred in concluding that, as a condition precedent to her recovery, she was required to satisfy the requirements set forth in 19 Del. C. § 2321 (1985). This Court has concluded that Aiken’s argument is correct.2

An examination of this Court’s prior analysis of the statutory framework of Delaware’s Workers’ Compensation law compels the con-elusion that meritorious claims for serious and permanent disfigurement under Section 2326(f) are compensable without regard to the requirements of Section 2321.

_ Facts

On September 6, 1991, Aiken was working at GMC as a “floater.” The job assigned to Aiken required her to make automobile quarter panels and then hang them on hooks to be sent to the assembly line. While Aiken was putting a quarter panel on a hook, the line stopped. A quarter panel fell on her arm causing a laceration that was seven centimeters long.

Aiken was taken to GMC’s “infirmary hospital.” GMC’s physician was absent from the infirmary at the time. Therefore, Aiken was taken by ambulance to the emergency room at Christiana Hospital. The emergency room staff “tacked” the wound closed. Aiken was also referred to a plastic surgeon, Abdol-lah M. Malek, M.D. (“Dr. Malek”).

Dr. Malek saw Aiken on September 9, 1991. At that time, he reopened the wound and sutured it closed. Aiken reported back to work after the surgery on the same day, with her left arm in a sling. Aiken, who is left-handed, had been restricted by Dr. Ma-lek from using her left arm. The initial restriction was until September 30,1991. Aiken submitted her restriction slips to Dr. Goldstein, a physician at the GMC infirmary.

The record reflects that doctors Malek and Goldstein were not satisfied with the way Aiken’s wound was healing. On October 2, 1991, Dr. Malek revised the laceration, excising it and closing it in layers. Dr. Malek testified that he performed this procedure in his office because he wanted it done as soon as possible. He would have had to wait three days for a hospital operating room. Aiken’s restrictions on the use of her left arm were continued through November 4, 1991.

[188]*188 Board Hearing

On June 10, 1993, Aiken filed a Petition with the Board to Determine Compensation Due. The parties were in agreement that Aiken’s injury was work-related. The Board held a hearing on March 22, 1995. The sole issue in dispute was whether Aiken satisfied the minimum durational requirements of incapacity set forth in 19 Del.C. § 2321 (1985).

Aiken testified that she did not lose any time from work nor any wages as a result of this injury. Aiken also testified that she has no permanent impairment, loss of function, pain or discomfort in her arm from this injury. She does, however, have a scar which is approximately two and three-fourths inches in length and one-eighth to one-quarter of an inch in width.

The Board concluded that Aiken had not satisfied the three-day incapacity requirement set forth in 19 Del.C. § 2321 (1985). The Board also concluded that Aiken had not been hospitalized as a result of the incapacity, which would have rendered the three-day incapacity condition inapplicable. See General Motors Corp. v. Jarrell, Del.Super., 493 A.2d 978 (1985). Based on these conclusions, the Board denied Aiken’s petition.

In its decision, the Board stated that “the scar is visible while the claimant is normally clothed and is viewed to be offensive.” The Board further stated that, if Aiken’s claim were compensable, it would award her $937 for permanent disfigurement pursuant to 19 Del.C. § 2326(f). The Superior Court’s judgment affirmed the Board’s determination.

Issue on Appeal

Section 2321 and Section 2326

The parties agree that this ease presents a legal question of first impression. At issue is whether the minimum durational requirements of incapacity in 19 Del.C. § 2321 (1985) must be satisfied as a condition precedent to recovery for serious and permanent disfigurement pursuant to Section 2326(f). At the time of Aiken’s injury, Section 23213 stated:

§ 2321. Minimum duration of incapacity.
No compensation shall be paid for any injury which does not incapacitate the employee for a period of 3 days from earning full wages, and compensation shall begin on the fourth day of incapacity after the injury, unless the incapacity extends to 7 days, including the day of injury, or unless the incapacity is caused by the amputation of a member of the body or a part thereof, or unless the incapacity results in the hospitalization of the employee. In the case of incapacity for a 7 day period, amputation or hospitalization, the employee shall not be excluded from receiving compensation for the first 3 days of incapacity.

19 Del.C. § 2321 (1985). That version of Section 2321 is controlling in this proceeding. Cooper v. Chrysler Corp., Del.Supr., 426 A.2d 322 (1981). Section 2326(f) provides: “The Board shall onward proper and equitable compensation for serious and permanent disfigurement to any part of the human body up to 150 weeks, provided that such disfigurement is visible and offensive when the body is clothed normally....” 19 Del.C. § 2326(f) (emphasis added).

Section 2321 Conditions Lost Earnings Compensation Total or Partial Disability

Section 2321 reflects a determination by the General Assembly to condition the recovery of lost earnings for disability on a minimum incapacity of three days. Smith v. Feralloy Corp., Del.Supr., 460 A.2d 516, 518 (1983). This Court has upheld the legislature’s prerogative to set that precondition to recovery for loss of earnings disability compensation. Id. “In Workers’] Compensa[189]*189tion cases, disability refers to the inability, as the result of a work-connected injury, to perform or obtain work suitable to the claimant’s qualifications and training.” Burton Transp. Ctr., Inc. v. Willoughby, Del.Supr., 265 A.2d 22, 24 (1970).

The substantive provisions regarding disability compensation for lost earnings are set forth in Section 2324 and 2825. Section 2325 provides payments for partial disability, subject to a maximum payment period of 300 weeks. 19 Del.C. § 2325. If the disability is total, Section 2324 provides for the payment of compensation until that disability ceases. 19 DelC. § 2324.

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Related

Burton Transportation Center, Inc. v. Willoughby
265 A.2d 22 (Supreme Court of Delaware, 1970)
Alloy Surfaces Company v. Cicamore
221 A.2d 480 (Supreme Court of Delaware, 1966)
General Motors Corp. v. Jarrell
493 A.2d 978 (Superior Court of Delaware, 1985)
Ernest Di Sabatino & Sons, Inc. v. Apostolico
269 A.2d 552 (Supreme Court of Delaware, 1970)
Williams v. Chrysler Corporation
293 A.2d 802 (Supreme Court of Delaware, 1972)
Smith v. Feralloy Corp.
460 A.2d 516 (Supreme Court of Delaware, 1983)
General Motors Corp. v. Vaccarini
97 A.2d 550 (Supreme Court of Delaware, 1953)
Cooper v. Chrysler Corp.
426 A.2d 322 (Supreme Court of Delaware, 1981)

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Bluebook (online)
687 A.2d 186, 1997 Del. LEXIS 12, 1997 WL 16805, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/aiken-v-general-motors-corp-del-1997.