Stone, J.,
delivered the opinion of the Court.
Dr. John A. Ahl and his two brothers, Daniel Y. Ahl and Peter A. Ahl, in the year 1813 were living in the town of Newville, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. They were all large property owners, and gentlemen of character as well as means. John A. Ahl was married, and had at that time only one surviving child, Quitman P. Ahl. Daniel Y. Ahl and Peter A. Ahl were unmarried. Dr. John A. Ahl was about sixty years of age, and his two brothers some eight or ten years younger. All these gentlemen were engaged in various business enterprises. Daniel Y. and Peter A. Ahl were in partnership under the name and style of P. A. Ahl & Bro., and among other enterprises, were engaged in the iron business. Dr. John A. Ahl does not appear to have been a member of a firm, but his son Quitman P. Ahl seems to have attended to his business matters for him from about the year 1868. These three brothers were [558]*558next door neighbors, and- were upon terms of the closest intimacy at that time. Their friendship seems to have continued unbroken up to near the time of the death of Dr. John A. Ahl, although they could not always agree as to their mutual accounts. The death of Dr. John A. Ahl occurred in 1882 or 1883, when he was about sixty-nine years of age. In addition to large property- in Pennsylvania, Daniel Y. Ahl owne.d the Antietam Iron Works in Washington County, Maryland.
Such being the state of affairs between these brothers in the year 1873, Dr. John A. Ahl sold to his two brothers Daniel Y. and Peter A. a farm lying in Pennsylvania called the “Mateer Farm," for the sum of eighteen thousand five hundred dollars. This farm was to be paid for in instalments, the last of which fell due on 1st April, 1878. To secure the payment of the purchase money for this farm, Daniel Y. Ahl gave his brother Dr. -John A. Ahl what is called by the Pennsylvania practice “a judgment bond.” It seems to be the practice in that State to insert in the bond an authority for any attorney to appear for the obligor and confess a judgment, whether all the instalments are due or not, with the proper stay of execution. The bond in this case gave authority to any attorney, either of Pennsylvania or elsewhere, to appear for the obligor, and confess judgment, with the proper stay. All that the obligee of a judgment bond has to do in that State is to gét an attorney to appear for the obligor, and enter the judgment at any time the holder of the bond may. desire. When Dr. John A. Ahl took this bond, drawn as it was, he could have had the judgment entered at any time, as both he and Daniel Y. Ahl supposed, and we have no doubt that it'was the intention of both parties that it should have been entered in Washington County, Maryland, so as to be a lien on the Antietam Iron Works, then the property of Daniel Y. Ahl. But for some unexplained reason [559]*559there was no judgment entered upon this bond until the year 1877, and after the bond was assigned by Dr. Ahl to his son Quitman P. Ahl. In that year Quitman P. Ahl, as assignee of his father, recovered a judgment on the bond for all the instalments then due, amounting, with interest, to upwards of $19,000. This judgment left, however, one instalment on the bond still due, and not included in the judgment. The bond was signed by, and the judgment obtained against Daniel Y. Ahl alone, although the “Mateer Farm,” for the purchase money of which the bond was given, was sold to Daniel Y. Ahl and Peter A. Ahl.
To recur to a time shortly antecedent to this judgment, it appears that in September, 1876, Peter A. Ahl conveyed by deed, to Quitman P. Ahl, a farm lying in Pennsylvania, called the “McCulloh farm,” for the consideration, as expressed in the deed, of $8690.31, and that on the 15th of December, 1876, Daniel Y. Ahl conveyed by deed to Quitman P. Ahl a farm, also lying in Pennsylvania, called the “Brown farm,” for the consideration, as confessed in the deed, of $12,000. Both these deeds were absolute on their face, drawn with formality and precision, with a receipt for the purchase money endorsed upon each, and properly acknowledged and recorded.
Things remained in that condition until February, 1881, when Quitman P. Ahl, to whom his father, Dr. Ahl, had assigned this bond in March, 1877, brought suit in Washington County, Maryland, against Daniel Y. Ahl for the last instalment due on the bond, and which was not included in the judgment he had already obtained in 1877. This last suit Daniel Y. Ahl disputed and contested. He insisted that by a written agreement entered into between himself and his brother, Peter A. Ahl, wúth Dr. Ahl, the Brown and McCulloh farms were given, at the request of Dr. Ahl, to Quitman [560]*560P. Ahl in full payment and satisfaction of said bond, and that the whole bond was paid and satisfied. Hence Hence this case. The whole dispute in the case before us is, whether this bond was fully paid by the sale oí these two farms. The complainant insists that it was paid, and that lie is entitled to have the judgment entered satisfied. The defendant denies this and claims both the farms, and the judgment. This is the controversy.
When Daniel Y. Ahl was sued in February, 1881, for the last instalment due on the bond, he appeared and pleaded that the whole debt had been paid by the sale and conveyance of these twb farms. But he appears to have offered no proof of the fact in the trial of that case, and, standing unexplained, that would look like a suspicious circumstance, and well calculated to throw a cloud ever the complainant’s case. But' the explanation given by the evidence in this record, is full and satisfactory, and, we regret to say, anything but creditable to the defendant in this suit, who was the plaintiff in that.
Daniel Y. Ahl proves that at the time of the trial in Washington County, above referred to, he had lost or 'mislaid the written agreement entered into by himself and his brother Peter A. with Dr. Ahl relative to the sale of the Brown and McCulloh farms. He is and was a competent witness to prove that fact. While he was incompetent to prove either the contents or the execution of the agreement, the other party to it being dead, yet he, as the proper custodian of the paper, was competent to prove its loss, leaving its contents and execution to be proved by other evidence. This is from the necessity of the case. No evidence can be given of-the contents of a paper until that paper is proven to be lost, and .no one can prove that loss but the last custodian. He was then a competent witness to prove the.loss of the paper. Whether he had legally sufficient secondary [561]*561■evidence of tlie contents of the agreement or not, does not appear. But, whether he had or had not, he was prevented from going to trial on that issue by" a very extraordinary circumstance,,in order to explain which it will be necessary again to recur to some antecedent facts.
Before the first judgment was obtained on this bond, which was on the 22nd of April, 1811, Daniel V. Ah] went before a notary public in the State of Pennsylvania, and acknowledged the bond to be his act and deed. Why this was done does not very clearly appear; but the probability, indeed almost the certainty, is that as the bond was payable in instalments, and some of them long over due, and the bond of some years standing, it was done to ’ show that the whole bond, and all the instalments, were still due, that is to negative the idea of any partial payments. This acknowledgment of Daniel Y. Ahl appears upon its face to have been made on the 16th day of April, 1811.
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Stone, J.,
delivered the opinion of the Court.
Dr. John A. Ahl and his two brothers, Daniel Y. Ahl and Peter A. Ahl, in the year 1813 were living in the town of Newville, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. They were all large property owners, and gentlemen of character as well as means. John A. Ahl was married, and had at that time only one surviving child, Quitman P. Ahl. Daniel Y. Ahl and Peter A. Ahl were unmarried. Dr. John A. Ahl was about sixty years of age, and his two brothers some eight or ten years younger. All these gentlemen were engaged in various business enterprises. Daniel Y. and Peter A. Ahl were in partnership under the name and style of P. A. Ahl & Bro., and among other enterprises, were engaged in the iron business. Dr. John A. Ahl does not appear to have been a member of a firm, but his son Quitman P. Ahl seems to have attended to his business matters for him from about the year 1868. These three brothers were [558]*558next door neighbors, and- were upon terms of the closest intimacy at that time. Their friendship seems to have continued unbroken up to near the time of the death of Dr. John A. Ahl, although they could not always agree as to their mutual accounts. The death of Dr. John A. Ahl occurred in 1882 or 1883, when he was about sixty-nine years of age. In addition to large property- in Pennsylvania, Daniel Y. Ahl owne.d the Antietam Iron Works in Washington County, Maryland.
Such being the state of affairs between these brothers in the year 1873, Dr. John A. Ahl sold to his two brothers Daniel Y. and Peter A. a farm lying in Pennsylvania called the “Mateer Farm," for the sum of eighteen thousand five hundred dollars. This farm was to be paid for in instalments, the last of which fell due on 1st April, 1878. To secure the payment of the purchase money for this farm, Daniel Y. Ahl gave his brother Dr. -John A. Ahl what is called by the Pennsylvania practice “a judgment bond.” It seems to be the practice in that State to insert in the bond an authority for any attorney to appear for the obligor and confess a judgment, whether all the instalments are due or not, with the proper stay of execution. The bond in this case gave authority to any attorney, either of Pennsylvania or elsewhere, to appear for the obligor, and confess judgment, with the proper stay. All that the obligee of a judgment bond has to do in that State is to gét an attorney to appear for the obligor, and enter the judgment at any time the holder of the bond may. desire. When Dr. John A. Ahl took this bond, drawn as it was, he could have had the judgment entered at any time, as both he and Daniel Y. Ahl supposed, and we have no doubt that it'was the intention of both parties that it should have been entered in Washington County, Maryland, so as to be a lien on the Antietam Iron Works, then the property of Daniel Y. Ahl. But for some unexplained reason [559]*559there was no judgment entered upon this bond until the year 1877, and after the bond was assigned by Dr. Ahl to his son Quitman P. Ahl. In that year Quitman P. Ahl, as assignee of his father, recovered a judgment on the bond for all the instalments then due, amounting, with interest, to upwards of $19,000. This judgment left, however, one instalment on the bond still due, and not included in the judgment. The bond was signed by, and the judgment obtained against Daniel Y. Ahl alone, although the “Mateer Farm,” for the purchase money of which the bond was given, was sold to Daniel Y. Ahl and Peter A. Ahl.
To recur to a time shortly antecedent to this judgment, it appears that in September, 1876, Peter A. Ahl conveyed by deed, to Quitman P. Ahl, a farm lying in Pennsylvania, called the “McCulloh farm,” for the consideration, as expressed in the deed, of $8690.31, and that on the 15th of December, 1876, Daniel Y. Ahl conveyed by deed to Quitman P. Ahl a farm, also lying in Pennsylvania, called the “Brown farm,” for the consideration, as confessed in the deed, of $12,000. Both these deeds were absolute on their face, drawn with formality and precision, with a receipt for the purchase money endorsed upon each, and properly acknowledged and recorded.
Things remained in that condition until February, 1881, when Quitman P. Ahl, to whom his father, Dr. Ahl, had assigned this bond in March, 1877, brought suit in Washington County, Maryland, against Daniel Y. Ahl for the last instalment due on the bond, and which was not included in the judgment he had already obtained in 1877. This last suit Daniel Y. Ahl disputed and contested. He insisted that by a written agreement entered into between himself and his brother, Peter A. Ahl, wúth Dr. Ahl, the Brown and McCulloh farms were given, at the request of Dr. Ahl, to Quitman [560]*560P. Ahl in full payment and satisfaction of said bond, and that the whole bond was paid and satisfied. Hence Hence this case. The whole dispute in the case before us is, whether this bond was fully paid by the sale oí these two farms. The complainant insists that it was paid, and that lie is entitled to have the judgment entered satisfied. The defendant denies this and claims both the farms, and the judgment. This is the controversy.
When Daniel Y. Ahl was sued in February, 1881, for the last instalment due on the bond, he appeared and pleaded that the whole debt had been paid by the sale and conveyance of these twb farms. But he appears to have offered no proof of the fact in the trial of that case, and, standing unexplained, that would look like a suspicious circumstance, and well calculated to throw a cloud ever the complainant’s case. But' the explanation given by the evidence in this record, is full and satisfactory, and, we regret to say, anything but creditable to the defendant in this suit, who was the plaintiff in that.
Daniel Y. Ahl proves that at the time of the trial in Washington County, above referred to, he had lost or 'mislaid the written agreement entered into by himself and his brother Peter A. with Dr. Ahl relative to the sale of the Brown and McCulloh farms. He is and was a competent witness to prove that fact. While he was incompetent to prove either the contents or the execution of the agreement, the other party to it being dead, yet he, as the proper custodian of the paper, was competent to prove its loss, leaving its contents and execution to be proved by other evidence. This is from the necessity of the case. No evidence can be given of-the contents of a paper until that paper is proven to be lost, and .no one can prove that loss but the last custodian. He was then a competent witness to prove the.loss of the paper. Whether he had legally sufficient secondary [561]*561■evidence of tlie contents of the agreement or not, does not appear. But, whether he had or had not, he was prevented from going to trial on that issue by" a very extraordinary circumstance,,in order to explain which it will be necessary again to recur to some antecedent facts.
Before the first judgment was obtained on this bond, which was on the 22nd of April, 1811, Daniel V. Ah] went before a notary public in the State of Pennsylvania, and acknowledged the bond to be his act and deed. Why this was done does not very clearly appear; but the probability, indeed almost the certainty, is that as the bond was payable in instalments, and some of them long over due, and the bond of some years standing, it was done to ’ show that the whole bond, and all the instalments, were still due, that is to negative the idea of any partial payments. This acknowledgment of Daniel Y. Ahl appears upon its face to have been made on the 16th day of April, 1811.
How, when the case in 1882 was approaching trial Daniel V. Ahl employed two prominent attorneys to try his case, one Mr. McComas, a resident of Hagerstown, and the other Judge Sadler, then a practising attorney in the State of Pennsylvania, and now a Judge. The latter seems to have been his principal attorney. Upon Judge Sadler, Daniel Y. Ahl seems to have relied to try the real issue in the case; that is, was this bond paid in full by the deeds of September and December, 1816? It ivas to try this, tlie main and important issue, that brought Judge Sadler.
But when Judge Sadler reached Hagerstown, and for the first time saw the bond, he saw, or thought he sato, that the bond was acknowledged to be in full force and effect in 1871 by the acknowledgment before the notary. That as Daniel Y. Ahl had told him the agreement to take the lands in payment, and the execution of the deeds took place in 1816, he told Daniel Y. Ahl that in the [562]*562face of the acknowledgment before the notary in 1877, there could be no such agreement as he relied on made in 1876. Daniel Y. Ahl insisted that there was, and some high words passed between them, and Judge Sadler tJirewAip-his suit and went home. Mr. McOomas, for the ¡same reason that controlled the action of Mr. Sadler, declined to try the case on the issue of satisfaction, but tried it upon a mere technical pointy which was decided against him, and Quitman P. Ahl obtained his judgment. Neither of Daniel Y. AhPs counsel was willing to try the question of payment or satisfaction, when their only chance of success depended upon a lost agreement which was contradicted by the terms (apparently) of both the deeds and the acknowledgment.
But Daniel Y. Ahl, although defeated in that case, did not abandon his claim. After repeated searches for this lost agreement he sent for a former clerk of his, who. was then in the service of the Government at Washington, to aid him. The clerk came and after several days search did find the agreement among the papers of Daniel Y. Ahl. He also examined or had examined the acknowledgment more critically, and upon the application of the magnifying glass it is perfectly apparent that the original date of the acknowledgment loas the 16th of April, 1876, and that the figure “6” had been erased with great care and the figure- “7” written in its place* This alteration was made with such-neatness and care that it would not be noticed by the ordinary observer, but can easily be detected by the application of the magnifying glass. Tested by this, the alteration of the date is apparent. Our inspection of the original paper satisfies us on that point, apart from the evidence of others who testify to it.
The alteration in this date having been made, the question naturally arises when was it made, and who made it ? These questions we do not think it material [563]*563fox us to decide. It is enough to know that the altered date, not then known to be altered, and the want of the original agreement, caused his counsel practically to abandon his case. D. Y. Ahl was powerless for want of the proof which he afterwards obtained. Immediately after he found the agreement he applied to a Court of equity to have it enforced, and for relief against the judgment. This relief he is certainly entitled to have if his newly found evidence sustains his claim.
The agreement which the complainant produces is in these words:
“Articles of Agreement made and entered into by and between John A. Ahl, of the Borough of Mewville, of the first part, and P. A. Ahl and Daniel Y. Ahl, of the same place, of the other part. Whereas, the said John A. Ahl, by indenture bearing date the 31st day of March, 1813, did convey to the said P. A. Ahl and Daniel V. Ahl, a certain tract of land situated in the Township of Southampton, County of Cumberland and State of Pennsylvania, known as the ‘Mateer Farm,’ for the sum of eighteen thousand five hundred dollars, payment of said sum being secured to the said John A. Ahl by judgment on the ‘Antietam Iron Works,’ situate in the Comity of Washington, State of Maryland. And whereas, the said P. A. Ahl, on the 13th day of Sept., 1816, did convey to Q. P. Ahl a certain tract of land situate in the Township of Mifflin, County of Cumberland, known as the ‘McCullough Farm,’ for the sum of eight thousand, ninety dollars and thirty-one cents. And whereas, the said Daniel Y. Ahl, on this, the 15th day of December, 1816, did convey to Q. P. Ahl a certain tract of land situate in the Township of Metal, County of Franklin and State of Pennsylvania, known as the ‘ Brown Farm, ’ for the sum of twelve thousand dollars,
“Mow this agreement witnessoth, That the aforesaid conveyances made to the said Q. P. Ahl shall be con[564]*564sidered to be held only in trust by him for the proper use of tbe said John A. Ahl, and the considerations therein mentioned to be applied to the full payment of said judgment or to be held as collateral security for the payment of the same.
“It is further agreed, That if the said judgment shall be paid out of the proceeds of the sale of the Antietam Iron Works on or before the 1st day of April, 1880, or at any time prior thereto, by the said P. A. Ahl and Daniel Y. Ahl, with interest on the same from the date thereof, then the title and ownership of said real estate cdmmyed to Q. P. Ahl for the security of the said John A. Ahl as aforesaid, shall revert to the original owners, the said P. A. Ahl and Daniel Y. Ahl, and said conveyances as aforementioned shall be considered to be to all other intents and purposes null and void.
“In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals, this 15th day of December, A. D., 1816.
John A. Ahl, [Seal.]
P. A. Ahl, [Seal.]
Daniel Y. Ahl, [Seal.]"
“Witnesses:
W. H. Miller,
H. Lloyd Irvine. ’ ’
The construction of this agreement is plain enough. It means that the Brown and McCullough farms were conveyed to Quitman P. Ahl as full payment of the bond in controversy, unless Daniel Y. Ahl could pay the whole bond by a sale of the iron works before 1st of April, 1880. The only right reserved to Daniel Y. Ahl was payment of the whole bond before 1st of April, 1880. If he failed to do that, his right of redemption was gone, and the agreement was no longer of any value, except as Daniel V. AM’s receipt against the bond, and for that purpose it was all important to him. We have used the [565]*565term bond instead of judgment which, is mentioned in the agreement, to prevent confusion, as there are two judgments, and it is evident that at that time both parties supposed the whole bond merged in a judgment.
As soon as this agreement was produced Quitman P. Ahl declared it a forgery. Unless this paper is a forgery, the complainant is entitled to relief, and the whole case turns upon the fact whether this paper is or is not truly what it purports to be. From a careful review of the whole evidence, we have come to the conclusion that this paper is a genuine document. ' In the first place, the paper itself has all the appearance of an ancient document. There is nothing to excite suspicion in the appearance or wording of the paper. It looks like a paper that any lawyer might have written upon the spur of the moment, at the request of a client. It is a mere quasi mortgage. If a forgery, D. V. Ahl and Peter A. Ahl and Mr. Irvine are all implicated in it, as the two Ahls produce and rely on the paper, and Irvine is the witness.
William H. Miller, one of the witnesses to this agreement, is dead, but Mr. Irvine the other witness is living. He testifies most distinctly and emphatically to the signature of his co-witness Miller, and of Dr. Ahl. He details several conversations between Dr. Ahl and his brothers, P. A. and D. V. Ahl, about getting additional security for the “Mateer Farm,” and finally culminating in the agreement. The whole matter was often talked over in his presence. Irvine is no connection of any of the parties, and although a clerk for P. A. Ahl at the time, has not been with them since 1877, and is now a government employe. Unless impeached, his testimony is absolutely conclusive of the case. The only attempt to impeach it is by the opinion of some witnesses that the signatures of Miller and Dr. Ahl to the agreement are not their genuine signatures. Most [566]*566of these testify in a doubting manner. It is well known that the general appearance of a writing is somewhat affected hy the style of the pen used, and it was shown that Miller generally wrote with a fine pointed gold pen, and the general character of his writing ivas in consequence rather light or fine. The agreement was probably written with a blunt pen, and hence the failure to recognize his hand. More especially as other specimens of his writing were generally produced hy Q. P. Ahl to his witnesses before getting their opinion' as to the agreement. In one instance he seems to have been so doubtful of his witness that he got him to make an affidavit before he was regularly examined.
Mr. Irvine’s testimony is supported hy the positive testimony, as to the hand-writing of Miller, of many of his most intimate associates. These included lawyers who practised with him, and several who had been students in his office, and officers of hanks where he had transacted business. The weight of the testimony based upon mere opinion is, we think, with the complainant.
But Irvine’s testimony is supported hy something more than mere opinion. Some five or six witnesses prove conversations with Dr. Ahl in which he substantially admitted that he had only a lien on these two farms to secure the indebtedness of D. V. and P. A. Ahl to him. One of these witnesses, a lawyer hy the name qf Williams, deposes that at the time of the execution of the deed for the Brown farm, the farm was leased to two men hy the name of Trimmer; that the lease was assigned hy P. A. Ahl and brother to Quitman P. Ahl “for the use of Dr. Ahl, statements and receipts thereof to he made hy him annually, and to he accounted for at our final settlement. ” .This assignment was endorsed on the lease, and it was left with him to he kept, as the attorney of the parties then present, to wit: Quit-man P. Ahl, Dr. Ahl and P. A. Ahl, and he produced [567]*567the assignment which had heen in his possession since 1877.
(Decided 18th December, 1889.)
We cannot review the testimony, which is very voluminous, at any greater length, as it would extend this opinion to an unwarrantable length. In making up our judgment, we have excluded the evidence of D. V. Ahl and P. A. Ah], the living parties to the contract, except, as we have before said, to prove the loss of the agreement. We think the testimony excluding the testimony of D. Y. and P. A. Ahl establishes beyond a reasonable doubt that the agreement marked exhibit H. Y. of complainant is a genuine document.
Having reached this conclusion, comment upon the mass of testimony relative to what is called in these proceedings “the accepted account”'becomes unnecessary. The “accepted account” is based upon a theory diametrically opposite to the existence of the agreement we have already said to have been clearly established. Even if the agreement were thrown out of the question, the evidence brought forward to sustain this accepted account would fail to establish the fact that this accepted account was the consideration paid for the Brown and McCullough farms.
The pro forma decree of the Court will be reversed, and this case remanded, in order that a decree may be passed in conformity with this opinion, ordering both the judgments now standing in Washington County to be entered satisfied.
Decree reversed, loith costs in this Court and in the Court below, and, cause remanded.