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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, 3 COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, 4 COUNCIL 18, AFL-CIO, LOCAL 2851,
5 Appellant-Petitioner,
6 v. NO. A-1-CA-35840
7 CITY OF LAS VEGAS, NEW MEXICO,
8 Appellee-Respondent.
9 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF SAN MIGUEL COUNTY 10 Abigail Aragon, District Judge
11 Youtz & Valdez, P.C. 12 Shane Youtz 13 Stephen Curtice 14 James A. Montalbano 15 Albuquerque, NM
16 for Appellant
17 Holcomb Law Office 18 Dina E. Holcomb 19 Albuquerque, NM
20 for Appellee
21 MEMORANDUM OPINION
1 HANISEE, Judge.
2 {1} The American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees,
3 Council 18, AFSCME Local 2851 (AFSCME) appeals from the district court’s
4 order upholding the administrative decision of the City of Las Vegas Labor
5 Management Relations Board1 (the Board), which dismissed AFSCME’s petition
6 seeking to accrete, or add, certain employees of the City of Las Vegas (the City)
7 into the existing “blue and white collar bargaining unit.” AFSCME argues, inter
8 alia, that the district court erred in determining that “the record supports the
9 [Board’s] decision.” We conclude that the record as presently constituted does not
10 support the Board’s decision and, therefore, reverse and remand for further
11 proceedings consistent with this opinion.2
12 BACKGROUND
13 {2} AFSCME filed a “Petition for Clarification (Accretion)” (AFSCME’s
14 petition) with the Board seeking to accrete various positions into an existing
15 bargaining unit covering City employees. While all of the positions included
16 “supervisor” as part of the job title, AFSCME asserted that the employees
1 The Board and the City were both named as defendants in AFSCME’s appeal to the district court, but the Board was dismissed as a party on its unopposed motion on August 1, 2016. 2 Because we reverse on this basis, we do not reach AFSCME’s arguments that the Board (1) violated the Open Meetings Act, NMSA 1978, §§ 10-15-1 to -4 (1974, as amended through 2013), by voting on AFSCME’s petition in closed session, and (2) improperly assigned the burden of proof to AFSCME.
1 occupying the positions were not themselves “supervisors” as that term is defined
2 under the Public Employees Bargain Act (PEBA), NMSA 1978, §§ 10-7E-1 to -26
3 (2003, as amended through 2005). On March 10, 2015, the Board held an all-day
4 hearing (merits hearing), at which employees then holding the positions at issue
5 testified, as did some of their subordinates, AFSCME officials, and managerial
6 representatives from the City. In addition to taking witness testimony, the Board
7 received for its consideration numerous exhibits submitted by the parties, as well
8 as a post-hearing brief from each party.
9 {3} On April 27, 2015, the Board met to consider AFSCME’s petition. When it
10 convened, the Board’s chairman called the meeting to order and stated, “[W]e
11 haven’t had a chance . . . to get together and go over the information” related to
12 AFSCME’s petition and that “[w]hat we’d like to do is call into executive session
13 for . . . at least 15 minutes before we actually start the meeting.” After an
14 unspecified period of time, the chairman returned and announced, “[W]e are out of
15 executive session[,]” explained that the board members had considered all of the
16 information before them, and proceeded to allow another board member “go
17 through the decisions” of the Board. That board member explained that the Board
18 had “considered a number of factors . . . includ[ing] the definition of supervisor . . .
19 [and] the relevant arguments that have been presented both in the briefs and the
20 attached case law.” He further explained that “one of the things that we keyed off
1 on was the definition of federal law in regards to exercising independent
2 judgment,” which he described as “one of the overriding principles for all the
3 positions that we’re going to be discussing.” As to each of the five individuals
4 whose position the petition sought to accrete into the unit, the Board summarily
5 concluded that “[AFSCME] ha[d] not met its burden of proof to accrete.” For only
6 one of the individuals, Benito Lujan, did the Board identify specific evidence—the
7 testimony of one employee supervised by Lujan that “she had been told by Mr.
8 Lujan that he would write her up if she did certain things”—to support its denial of
9 the petition to accrete. The Board issued an oral ruling denying AFSCME’s
10 petition and excluding the five positions from the bargaining unit.
11 {4} Nearly five months later, on September 10, 2015, the Board issued a two-
12 page order, titled “Order Dismissing Clarification Petition.” The order contains
13 neither a discussion of the evidence nor findings of fact to support the Board’s
14 decision and provides no explanation of the Board’s ruling, despite the governing
15 Board rule requiring that it file a report within fifteen days following the close of a
16 hearing in which it makes findings of fact and conclusions of law and “adequately
17 explain[s] the Board’s reasoning.” City of Las Vegas, Labor/Mgmt. Relations Bd.,
18 Rules & Regulations, § II, Rule 2.13. Instead, the order merely states that the
19 Board found that AFSCME “has not met its burden of proof to accrete the
20 position[s] into the bargaining unit.”
1 {5} The next day, AFSCME filed its notice of appeal in the district court and
2 sent a letter to the Board to request the preparation and filing of the record proper
3 in accordance with Rule 1-074 NMRA (providing procedures to be followed in
4 appeals from administrative agencies to the district courts). When the Board still
5 had not filed the record nearly three months later, see Rule 1-074(H) (providing
6 that the agency shall file the record on appeal within thirty days, unless otherwise
7 provided by law), AFSCME moved for an order to show cause. The day after
8 AFSCME filed a request for hearing on its motion, the Board filed approximately
9 two hundred pages of documents designated as the “Record Proper.” Three weeks
10 later, the Board filed an “Amended Record Proper,” containing numerous new
11 documents and some, but not all, of the records originally filed in the “Record
12 Proper” and totaling nearly four hundred pages. AFSCME thereafter withdrew its
13 motion for an order to show cause.
14 {6} The district court held a hearing on August 4, 2016. AFSCME argued that
15 the Board’s decision “goes against the overwhelming evidence and is not based at
16 all on substantial evidence” and that it “failed to apply the facts to black letter law
17 when it comes to whether someone is a supervisor, manager, or confidential
18 employee.” AFSCME noted that the Board’s decision failed to even specify what
19 exemption—i.e., supervisor, manager, or confidential employee—it found applied
20 to justify denying the petitioning employees their presumptive right to join a
1 bargaining unit.3 AFSCME also argued that the Board’s reliance on federal law
2 and the Board’s reference to the “independent judgment” standard applied under
3 federal law evinced a clear misapprehension of the law because New Mexico does
4 not follow the federal definition of “supervisor.” AFSCME represented to the
5 district court that each of the employees who testified said that they did not devote
6 more than fifty percent of their time to supervisory work, which AFSCME argued
7 alone establishes that the five employees do not meet the applicable legal
8 definition of “supervisor.”4
9 {7} The City argued that AFSCME had not met its burden to show that there
10 was insufficient evidence to support the Board’s decision and that AFSCME was
11 impermissibly trying to reargue the case before the district court. The City
12 primarily focused on what it contended was AFSCME’s failure to apprise the
3 The City’s Labor Management Relations Ordinance (the Ordinance) provides that “[e]mployees, other than management, supervisory, confidential, and probationary employees, may form, join, or assist any labor organization for the purpose of collective bargaining.” Las Vegas, N.M., Code Ordinances ch. 48, Part I, § 48-5. 4 The Ordinance defines “supervisor” as “[a]n employee who devotes a majority amount of work time to supervisory duties, who customarily and regularly directs the work of two or more other employees, and who has the authority in the interest of the employer to hire, promote, or discipline other employees or to recommend such actions effectively.” Las Vegas, N.M., Code Ordinances ch. 48, Part I, § 48-4. The definition further specifies that it “does not include individuals who perform merely routine, incidental, or clerical duties or who occasionally assume supervisory or directory roles or whose duties are substantially similar to those of their subordinates and does not include lead employees or employees who occasionally participate in peer review or evaluation of employees.”
1 district court of the evidence AFSCME presented that the Board failed to consider.
2 The City argued that there was substantial evidence to support the Board’s
3 decision, specifically the Board’s determination that AFSCME did not “meet [its]
4 burden.” The City repeatedly asserted that AFSCME had failed to provide citations
5 to support its assertions regarding the testimony given at the merits hearing.
6 {8} In rebuttal, AFSCME explained its failure to provide citations for its
7 recounting of the evidence—specifically the testimony by employees at the merits
8 hearing—by pointing out that the Board had never provided a transcript or
9 recording of the merits hearing. The district court questioned both parties about the
10 lack of (1) findings of fact and conclusions of law from the Board, and (2) a
11 recording or transcript of the merits hearing. AFSCME noted that “the record is
12 lacking a recording of the hearing or a transcript of the hearing” and that “if the
13 court were curious, that might be helpful.” However, AFSCME also stated that it
14 did not think the district court would be “much more enlightened by listening to
15 the recording” given that AFSCME had made “accurate and honest”
16 representations in its brief regarding what was said at the merits hearing. The City,
17 for its part, told the district court that there was “about nine hours’ worth of
18 testimony” and assured the court that it had cited to the relevant portions of the
19 hearing in its briefing. Thus, the parties agreed on little more than that the case
20 could be decided on the record before the district court and that the district court
1 need not remand for findings or order the record supplemented with a recording or
2 transcript of the merits hearing, a premise with which we disagree.
3 {9} On August 15, 2016, the district court entered its own two-page written
4 order upholding the Board’s decision. The district court concluded that “the record
5 supports the [Board’s] decision[,]” that the decision “is not arbitrary, capricious, or
6 contrary to law[,]” and that the Board “acted appropriately and within its scope of
7 authority.” We granted AFSCME’s ensuing petition for a writ of certiorari. See
8 Rule 12-505(D)(2)(d) NMRA.
9 DISCUSSION
10 Standard of Review
11 {10} “Upon a grant of a petition for writ of certiorari under Rule 12-505,” this
12 Court “conducts the same review of an administrative order as the district court
13 sitting in its appellate capacity, while at the same time determining whether the
14 district court erred in the first appeal.” City of Albuquerque v. AFSCME Council 18
15 ex rel. Puccini, 2011-NMCA-021, ¶ 8, 149 N.M. 379, 249 P.3d 510 (alteration,
16 internal quotation marks, and citation omitted). Applying that same standard, this
17 Court reviews the action of the Board to determine whether its decision was
18 “arbitrary, capricious, or an abuse of discretion; not supported by substantial
19 evidence in the record; or, otherwise not in accordance with law.” Rio Grande
20 Chapter of the Sierra Club v. N.M. Mining Comm’n, 2003-NMSC-005, ¶ 17, 133
1 N.M. 97, 61 P.3d 806. A ruling by the Board “is arbitrary and capricious if it is
2 unreasonable or without a rational basis, when viewed in light of the whole
3 record.” Id. “This standard requires that we independently review the entire record
4 of the administrative hearing to determine whether the decision was arbitrary and
5 capricious, not supported by substantial evidence, or otherwise not in accordance
6 with law.” 2727 San Pedro LLC v. Bernalillo Cty. Assessor, 2017-NMCA-008,
7 ¶ 15, 389 P.3d 287. In an administrative appeal involving a question of substantial
8 evidence, “we review the district court’s ruling by independently examining the
9 entire record, keeping in mind that a reviewing court may not substitute its
10 judgment for that of the [agency].” Gallup Westside Dev., LLC v. City of Gallup,
11 2004-NMCA-010, ¶ 11, 135 N.M. 30, 84 P.3d 78. The question in a substantial
12 evidence review is not whether a different result could have been reached but
13 “whether the record supports the result reached[.]” Id.
14 The Deficient Record Necessitates Reversal, Remand, and Further 15 Proceedings
16 {11} We begin by noting the overall failure of the Board (and the City, following
17 the Board’s dismissal from the case) to comply with its obligations under Rule 1-
18 074, which sets forth specific rules to be followed in administrative appeals to the
19 district court. As noted above, it took months for the Board to file the “Record
20 Proper” in the district court in clear violation of Rule 1-074(H) (providing that the
21 agency shall file the record on appeal “within thirty (30) days after the filing of the
1 notice of appeal with the agency”). The Board then filed an “Amended Record
2 Proper” some three weeks later. On the face of the filings, neither the purported
3 record nor the amended record complies with the basic requirements of Rule 1-
4 074(H), specifically that “the agency shall number consecutively . . . the pages of
5 the record on appeal[,]” which are to “be organized by date submitted to the
6 agency beginning with the earliest paper or pleading[.]” Id. More importantly,
7 from a substantive standpoint, the Board’s filings fail to comply with Rule 1-
8 074(H)(2), which provides that “the record on appeal shall consist of . . . a copy of
9 all papers, pleadings, and exhibits filed in the proceedings of the agency, entered
10 into or made a part of the proceedings of the agency, or actually presented to the
11 agency in conjunction with the hearing[.]” (Emphasis added.) As an example, the
12 Board’s “Amended Record Proper” purports to include the post-hearing briefs
13 submitted by the City and AFSCME, relied upon by the Board in reaching its
14 decision, and cited by the City in its brief to the district court. However, after a
15 diligent search, this Court has been unable to locate those briefs.
16 {12} While the aforementioned deficiencies hamper efficient appellate review, it
17 is the Board’s and the City’s failure to file a transcript or recording of the merits
18 hearing in accordance with Rule 1-074(H)(4) (providing that the record on appeal
19 shall consist of “the transcript of the proceedings, if any”), that renders impossible
20 any meaningful appellate review. As stated, we are required—as was the district
1 court in its own appellate capacity—to review the record as a whole. Because
2 neither a transcript nor a recording is part of the record before us, we assume that
3 the district court did not order the City to supplement the record on appeal, despite
4 the parties’ acknowledgment and the district court’s awareness that the district
5 court did not have the complete record before it. The unexplained absence of a
6 hearing recording or transcript necessarily forecloses effective appellate review—
7 both at the district court and before us—of whether the Board’s decision is
8 supported by substantial evidence in the record when viewed as a whole.
9 {13} The City argues on appeal that AFSCME “bears the burden of bringing a
10 record that is sufficient to support its contentions” and that AFSCME’s “failure to
11 satisfy this burden” and comply with Rule 12-318 NMRA’s requirements to cite
12 the record proper in support of any arguments made “is grounds for striking
13 [AFSCME’s] brief in chief in its entirety or declining to address contentions made
14 therein.” While Rule 1-074(H)(4) provides that the party “desiring a copy of the
15 transcript of the proceedings shall be responsible for paying the cost, if any, of
16 preparing such copy[,]” the rule is clear that it is the agency’s responsibility to
17 timely file the record proper in the district court. Rule 1-074(H). The City can
18 hardly be heard to complain that AFSCME failed to comply with applicable rules
19 requiring it to support its arguments with citations to the record, see Rule 1-
20 074(K)(3) (requiring arguments to be supported by “citations to . . . the record on
1 appeal relied upon”) and Rule 12-318(A)(4) (requiring arguments to be supported
2 with “citations to . . . [the] record proper, transcript of proceedings, or exhibits
3 relied on”), when it was the City’s responsibility in the first instance to provide a
4 complete record to the district court and repeatedly failed to do so.
5 {14} Troubling also is the City’s failure to comply with its own obligations—
6 identical to AFSCME’s—to provide citations to the record in support of its
7 argument that there was substantial evidence to support the Board’s decision. See
8 Rule 1-074(L) (“The appellee’s response shall conform to the requirements of
9 Subparagraphs (1) to (4) of Paragraph K of this rule[.]”); Rule 12-318(B) (“An
10 answer brief shall conform to the requirements of the brief in chief[.]”).
11 Conspicuously absent from the City’s presentation in the district court was any
12 discussion whatsoever of the evidence—testimonial or otherwise—that supported
13 the Board’s decision that each of the five positions was ineligible for accretion to
14 the unit. See Gallup Westside Dev., LLC, 2004-NMCA-010, ¶ 11 (explaining that
15 the question to be answered in a substantial evidence challenge is “whether the
16 record supports the result reached”). Instead, the City merely pointed to the
17 Board’s verbal explanation of the generic “bases”—i.e., the definition of
18 supervisor, the parties’ arguments in their briefs, unspecified “case law,” and the
19 testimony of one of Lujan’s employees—it relied on to conclude that AFSMCE
20 “had not met its burden of proof” to support the Board’s decision. But the question
1 before the district court was not whether the Board properly concluded that
2 AFSCME had not met its burden of proof. Rather, in order to affirm the Board’s
3 decision, the record on the whole had to contain substantial evidence to support the
4 Board’s ultimate determination that each of the five positions AFSCME sought to
5 accrete to the unit was not appropriate for accretion. For the same reasons we
6 cannot now determine this issue, neither could the district court have done so on
7 the incomplete and inadequate record on appeal before it.
8 {15} Notably, Rule 1-074(I) provides that “[i]f anything material to either party is
9 omitted from the record on appeal by error or accident, the parties by stipulation,
10 or the agency on request, or the district court, on proper suggestion or on its own
11 initiative, may direct that the omission be corrected and a supplemental record
12 transmitted to the district court[.]” While the rule provides the district court
13 discretion to “direct that the omission be corrected[,]” Id. we conclude that the
14 district court erred here in failing to direct the City to supplement the record on
15 appeal with the transcript or recording of the merits hearing given that the primary
16 issue before the district court was whether there was substantial evidence to
17 support the Board’s denial of AFSMCE’s petition. Under different
18 circumstances—for example, where the district court is presented with purely legal
19 questions in an administrative appeal—the failure to correct such an omission may
20 not constitute error. But because of the nature of AFSCME’s appeal and the whole-
1 record standard of review, the district court could not have properly carried out its
2 responsibilities under Rule 1-074 without undertaking an independent review of
3 the entire record, including, critically, the merits hearing, as well as all evidence
4 presented to the Board. Particularly given the absence of findings of fact and
5 conclusions of law by the Board and the scant reasoning provided by the Board at
6 the April 27, 2015, meeting when it rendered its decision on AFSCME’s petition,
7 the district court was not in a position to draw an informed conclusion as to
8 whether the Board’s decision was or was not supported by substantial evidence
9 without reviewing the whole record as the rule requires it to do.
10 {16} We, therefore, reverse the order of the district court affirming the decision of
11 the Board and remand to the district court with instructions that it (1) direct the
12 City to timely file a proper and complete record in accordance with all of the
13 requirements of Rule 1-074(H), and (2) undertake whole record review of the
14 entire record to determine whether substantial evidence supports the Board’s
15 determination that none of the five positions is eligible for accretion. In the event
16 that no recording of the merits hearing was ever made or currently exists, the
17 district court shall vacate the Board’s decision and remand the case to the Board
18 with instructions that it conduct a new merits hearing that shall be recorded in
19 accordance with the Board’s rules.
1 {17} This opinion is not to be construed as restricting in any way the district
2 court’s ability to exercise its discretion under Rule 1-074 to effectuate proper
3 appellate review of the Board’s decision. See, e.g., Rule 1-074(X)(4) (providing
4 that the district court may “take such action as it deems appropriate” in the event
5 that it determines that any party has failed to comply with Rule 1-074’s
6 requirements). Indeed, the district court may very well determine on remand that
7 remanding to the Board for findings and conclusions is appropriate despite the
8 parties’ contention to the contrary, see Rule 1-074(T)(1), or that the parties should
9 have to rebrief their arguments following the filing of the complete record proper
10 in order to comply with Rule 1-074(K)-(M). The critical point we emphasize is that
11 this Court’s inability—despite our best, and, unfortunately, wasted, efforts—to
12 even reach the merits of this appeal, much less resolve them, directly stems from
13 the combined failures of the parties and the district court to adhere to the
14 straightforward and sensible requirements set forth in Rule 1-074. Those
15 requirements, as evidenced by this case, exist for a reason, and care should be
16 taken to comply with them in order to facilitate the meaningful appellate review of
17 administrative decisions as contemplated by the rule.
18 CONCLUSION
19 {18} For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the district court’s order affirming the
20 Board’s decision and remand for proceedings in accordance herewith.
1 {19} IT IS SO ORDERED.
2 _________________________________ 3 J. MILES HANISEE, Judge
4 WE CONCUR:
5 _________________________________ 6 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge
7 _________________________________ 8 JULIE J. VARGAS, Judge