IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
AFL NETWORK SERVICES, ) ) Employer-Below, Appellant, ) ) v. ) C.A. No. N15A-09-002 ALR ) THOMAS HEGLUND, ) ) Claimant-Below, Appellee. )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Submitted: March 8, 2016 Decided: April 18, 2016
On Appeal from Decision of the Industrial Accident Board AFFIRMED
Linda Wilson, Esquire, Marshall, Dennehey, Warner, Coleman & Goggin, Wilmington, Delaware, Attorney for Employer-Below/Appellant
Samuel D. Pratcher, III, Esquire, and Gary S. Nitsche, Esquire, Weik, Nitsche & Dougherty, Wilmington, Delaware, Attorneys for Claimant-Below/Appellee
ROCANELLI, J. On March 29, 2004, Thomas Heglund (“Claimant”) suffered a cervical spine
injury while working for his employer, AFL Network Services (“Employer”).
After the injury, Claimant had two cervical spine surgeries to treat his injuries: one
on June 17, 2004 and one on November 16, 2011.1 Employer compensated
Claimant for a thirty percent permanent impairment of the neck, a ten percent
permanent impairment of the upper extremity, and for disfigurement of the neck.
Claimant’s first surgery on June 17, 2004 involved a cervical fusion
involving the C5 and C6 corpectomy (surgical approach was anterior and
posterior), C4-C7 interbody fusion, C4-C7 segmental instrumentation, local
autograft, and removal of the anterior cervical plate. Claimant also received
injections. Sometime after this surgery, Claimant developed increasing pain in the
neck and posterior headaches that included pain in both shoulders and down his
arms. Despite Claimant’s continued chronic neck and bilateral arm pain,
Claimant’s doctor, Dr. Rastogi, recommended against additional surgery.
Dr. Bose, a board-certified neurosurgeon, began treating Claimant on
November 15, 2010 for chronic pain. Dr. Bose concluded additional surgery was
necessary to reduce Claimant’s need for medication, to realign his spine, and to
improve kyphosis. On November 16, 2011, Dr. Bose performed decompression
and fusion surgery at C3-4 and at C7-T1. Claimant was doing well shortly after
1 Prior to the work injury at issue here, Appellant had a cervical surgery on April 3, 2002. Appellant was symptom-free after the 2002 surgery. 1 this surgery; however, Claimant began to report pain in his right shoulder, pain in
his left side, pain worsening in time and decreasing functional ability. Claimant
reported that physical therapy was not helping and he continued to feel worsening
and new pain in the neck and arms. It was also necessary for Claimant to take a
significant amount of pain medication. Dr. Bose recommended additional surgery
to treat Claimant’s chronic and worsening pain and to reduce Claimant’s reliance
on pain medications.
Procedural History
Claimant sought compensation for the proposed additional surgery through
Employer; however, Employer opposed payment. On April 1, 2013, Claimant
filed a Petition for Additional Compensation Due with the Industrial Accident
Board (“Board”). On September 19, 2013, a hearing was held before a Workers’
Compensation Hearing Officer (“Hearing Officer”), sitting in place of the Board
pursuant to 19 Del. C. § 2301B by stipulation of the parties. The Hearing Officer
issued its decision on November 5, 2013 (“Board Decision I”) concluding that the
proposed additional surgery was not reasonable or necessary.
Claimant subsequently filed an appeal of Board Decision I. By Opinion and
Order dated July 3, 2014, this Court reversed Board Decision I, finding that the
conclusion that the additional surgery was not reasonable or necessary was
2 inconsistent with the record findings set forth in Board Decision I.2 The matter
was remanded to the Hearing Officer for consideration of conclusions consistent
with the factual findings set forth in Board Decision I.3
On January 16, 2015, the Hearing Officer issued a Decision on Remand
without supplementing the record, again denying additional compensation (“Board
Decision II”). Claimant subsequently filed an appeal of Board Decision II. By
Opinion and Order dated July 23, 2015, this Court reversed Board Decision II,
finding that the Board’s conclusion that the proposed surgery was not reasonable
or necessary was inconsistent with the findings in Board Decision II.4 This Court
remanded the matter with instructions to the Board to provide Claimant additional
compensation for the surgery consistent with the findings in Board Decision II.5
The Board issued its Decision on Remand on August 6, 2015 (“Board
Decision III”), granting Claimant’s Petition to Determine Additional
Compensation Due for the proposed surgery. Employer now appeals Board
Decision III and argues that this Court committed reversible error when it
remanded Board Decision II with instructions to provide Claimant additional
compensation for the surgery.
2 See Heglund v. AFL Network Servs., 2014 WL 3510232, at *3 (Del. Super. July 3, 2014). 3 Id. 4 Heglund v. AFL Network Servs., 2015 WL 4498813, at *2 (Del. Super. July 23, 2015). 5 Id. 3 Standard of Review
The Court’s appellate review of a Board decision is limited. The Court’s
role is to “determine whether the decision of the Board is supported by substantial
evidence and free of legal error.”6 Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence
as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.”7 If
substantial evidence in support of the Board’s decision exists, then the Board’s
decision stands,8 even if the Court would reach a contrary conclusion.9 In making
its determination, the Court reviews the record below in the light most favorable to
the prevailing party.10 The Court will not weigh the evidence, determine
credibility, or make its own factual findings.11 Absent legal error, which is
reviewed de novo,12 the standard of review is abuse of discretion.13 A Board’s
discretionary ruling will not be disturbed on appeal unless it is based on “clearly
unreasonable or capricious grounds.”14 “The Board has abused its discretion only
6 Standard Distrib., Inc. v. Hall, 897 A.2d 155, 157 (Del. 2006); see also Person-Gaines v. Pepco Holdings, Inc., 981 A.2d 1159, 1161 (Del. 2009). 7 Standard Distrib., Inc., 897 A.2d at 158 (citing Olney v. Cooch, 425 A.2d 610, 614 (Del. 1981)). 8 Person-Gaines, 981 A.2d at 1161. 9 H&H Poultry v. Whaley, 408 A.2d 289, 291 (Del. Super. 1979). 10 Bermudez v. PTFE Compounds, Inc., 2006 WL 2382793, at *3 (Del. Super. Aug. 16, 2006). 11 Person-Gaines, 981 A.2d at 1161; Johnson v. Chrysler Corp., 213 A.2d 64, 66 (Del. 1965). 12 Person-Gaines, 981 A.2d at 1161. 13 Id. 14 K-Mart, Inc. v. Bowles, 1995 WL 269872, at *2 (Del. Super. Mar. 23, 1995). 4 when its decision has exceeded the bounds of reason in view of the circumstances”
so as to produce injustice.15
Discussion
Employer argues that the Court committed reversible error when it reversed
and remanded Board Decision II with instructions to award Claimant additional
compensation for the proposed surgery and, therefore, Board Decision III must be
reversed.
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IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
AFL NETWORK SERVICES, ) ) Employer-Below, Appellant, ) ) v. ) C.A. No. N15A-09-002 ALR ) THOMAS HEGLUND, ) ) Claimant-Below, Appellee. )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Submitted: March 8, 2016 Decided: April 18, 2016
On Appeal from Decision of the Industrial Accident Board AFFIRMED
Linda Wilson, Esquire, Marshall, Dennehey, Warner, Coleman & Goggin, Wilmington, Delaware, Attorney for Employer-Below/Appellant
Samuel D. Pratcher, III, Esquire, and Gary S. Nitsche, Esquire, Weik, Nitsche & Dougherty, Wilmington, Delaware, Attorneys for Claimant-Below/Appellee
ROCANELLI, J. On March 29, 2004, Thomas Heglund (“Claimant”) suffered a cervical spine
injury while working for his employer, AFL Network Services (“Employer”).
After the injury, Claimant had two cervical spine surgeries to treat his injuries: one
on June 17, 2004 and one on November 16, 2011.1 Employer compensated
Claimant for a thirty percent permanent impairment of the neck, a ten percent
permanent impairment of the upper extremity, and for disfigurement of the neck.
Claimant’s first surgery on June 17, 2004 involved a cervical fusion
involving the C5 and C6 corpectomy (surgical approach was anterior and
posterior), C4-C7 interbody fusion, C4-C7 segmental instrumentation, local
autograft, and removal of the anterior cervical plate. Claimant also received
injections. Sometime after this surgery, Claimant developed increasing pain in the
neck and posterior headaches that included pain in both shoulders and down his
arms. Despite Claimant’s continued chronic neck and bilateral arm pain,
Claimant’s doctor, Dr. Rastogi, recommended against additional surgery.
Dr. Bose, a board-certified neurosurgeon, began treating Claimant on
November 15, 2010 for chronic pain. Dr. Bose concluded additional surgery was
necessary to reduce Claimant’s need for medication, to realign his spine, and to
improve kyphosis. On November 16, 2011, Dr. Bose performed decompression
and fusion surgery at C3-4 and at C7-T1. Claimant was doing well shortly after
1 Prior to the work injury at issue here, Appellant had a cervical surgery on April 3, 2002. Appellant was symptom-free after the 2002 surgery. 1 this surgery; however, Claimant began to report pain in his right shoulder, pain in
his left side, pain worsening in time and decreasing functional ability. Claimant
reported that physical therapy was not helping and he continued to feel worsening
and new pain in the neck and arms. It was also necessary for Claimant to take a
significant amount of pain medication. Dr. Bose recommended additional surgery
to treat Claimant’s chronic and worsening pain and to reduce Claimant’s reliance
on pain medications.
Procedural History
Claimant sought compensation for the proposed additional surgery through
Employer; however, Employer opposed payment. On April 1, 2013, Claimant
filed a Petition for Additional Compensation Due with the Industrial Accident
Board (“Board”). On September 19, 2013, a hearing was held before a Workers’
Compensation Hearing Officer (“Hearing Officer”), sitting in place of the Board
pursuant to 19 Del. C. § 2301B by stipulation of the parties. The Hearing Officer
issued its decision on November 5, 2013 (“Board Decision I”) concluding that the
proposed additional surgery was not reasonable or necessary.
Claimant subsequently filed an appeal of Board Decision I. By Opinion and
Order dated July 3, 2014, this Court reversed Board Decision I, finding that the
conclusion that the additional surgery was not reasonable or necessary was
2 inconsistent with the record findings set forth in Board Decision I.2 The matter
was remanded to the Hearing Officer for consideration of conclusions consistent
with the factual findings set forth in Board Decision I.3
On January 16, 2015, the Hearing Officer issued a Decision on Remand
without supplementing the record, again denying additional compensation (“Board
Decision II”). Claimant subsequently filed an appeal of Board Decision II. By
Opinion and Order dated July 23, 2015, this Court reversed Board Decision II,
finding that the Board’s conclusion that the proposed surgery was not reasonable
or necessary was inconsistent with the findings in Board Decision II.4 This Court
remanded the matter with instructions to the Board to provide Claimant additional
compensation for the surgery consistent with the findings in Board Decision II.5
The Board issued its Decision on Remand on August 6, 2015 (“Board
Decision III”), granting Claimant’s Petition to Determine Additional
Compensation Due for the proposed surgery. Employer now appeals Board
Decision III and argues that this Court committed reversible error when it
remanded Board Decision II with instructions to provide Claimant additional
compensation for the surgery.
2 See Heglund v. AFL Network Servs., 2014 WL 3510232, at *3 (Del. Super. July 3, 2014). 3 Id. 4 Heglund v. AFL Network Servs., 2015 WL 4498813, at *2 (Del. Super. July 23, 2015). 5 Id. 3 Standard of Review
The Court’s appellate review of a Board decision is limited. The Court’s
role is to “determine whether the decision of the Board is supported by substantial
evidence and free of legal error.”6 Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence
as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.”7 If
substantial evidence in support of the Board’s decision exists, then the Board’s
decision stands,8 even if the Court would reach a contrary conclusion.9 In making
its determination, the Court reviews the record below in the light most favorable to
the prevailing party.10 The Court will not weigh the evidence, determine
credibility, or make its own factual findings.11 Absent legal error, which is
reviewed de novo,12 the standard of review is abuse of discretion.13 A Board’s
discretionary ruling will not be disturbed on appeal unless it is based on “clearly
unreasonable or capricious grounds.”14 “The Board has abused its discretion only
6 Standard Distrib., Inc. v. Hall, 897 A.2d 155, 157 (Del. 2006); see also Person-Gaines v. Pepco Holdings, Inc., 981 A.2d 1159, 1161 (Del. 2009). 7 Standard Distrib., Inc., 897 A.2d at 158 (citing Olney v. Cooch, 425 A.2d 610, 614 (Del. 1981)). 8 Person-Gaines, 981 A.2d at 1161. 9 H&H Poultry v. Whaley, 408 A.2d 289, 291 (Del. Super. 1979). 10 Bermudez v. PTFE Compounds, Inc., 2006 WL 2382793, at *3 (Del. Super. Aug. 16, 2006). 11 Person-Gaines, 981 A.2d at 1161; Johnson v. Chrysler Corp., 213 A.2d 64, 66 (Del. 1965). 12 Person-Gaines, 981 A.2d at 1161. 13 Id. 14 K-Mart, Inc. v. Bowles, 1995 WL 269872, at *2 (Del. Super. Mar. 23, 1995). 4 when its decision has exceeded the bounds of reason in view of the circumstances”
so as to produce injustice.15
Discussion
Employer argues that the Court committed reversible error when it reversed
and remanded Board Decision II with instructions to award Claimant additional
compensation for the proposed surgery and, therefore, Board Decision III must be
reversed. Employer contends that the Board was free to accept the expert
testimony of Dr. Rushton, Employer’s expert, who testified that Claimant’s
proposed surgery is not reasonable or necessary because it would not address the
underlying condition and the surgery could worsen Claimant’s condition.
If an employee suffers a compensable work injury, an employer is obligated
to pay for reasonable and necessary expenses related to that injury under 19 Del. C.
§ 2322(a) (“Section 2322”).16 The legislative purpose of Section 2322 is twofold:
“(1) to insure at all times adequate medical assistance to the employee; and (2) to
insure the employer against unreasonable charges and fraudulent claims.”17
15 Person-Gaines, 981 A.2d at 1161 (internal quotation omitted); see also K-Mart, Inc., 1995 WL 269872, at *2. 16 See Harasika v. State, 2013 WL 1411233, at *4 (Del. Super. Feb. 28, 2013) (referring to 19 Del. C. § 2322). 17 Willey v. State, 1985 WL 189319, at *2 (Del. Super. Nov. 26, 1985) (internal citations omitted). 5 Section 2322 does not define “reasonable” or “necessary” and, therefore, what is
reasonable or necessary is left to be determined by the Board.18
While Employer argues—and is correct—that the Board was permitted to
accept the expert testimony of one expert over another,19 this Court is not
concerned that the Board found Dr. Rushton more credible than Claimant’s expert
witness (Dr. Bose) who proposes the additional surgery. Instead, the Court is
concerned that the Board made its decision as to what is reasonable and necessary
based primarily on a success rate.20 Black’s Law Dictionary defines “reasonable”
as “[f]air, proper, or moderate under the circumstances; sensible”21 and
“necessary” as “[t]hat is needed for some purpose or reason; essential.”22
Accordingly, what may otherwise not be a “successful” surgery may nevertheless
be fair, proper, sensible, and needed for some purpose or reason under the
circumstances. Whether Claimant’s additional surgery will be successful is purely
speculative,23 and does not reflect whether it is reasonable and necessary under
Claimant’s circumstances.
Moreover, in proposing the additional surgery for Claimant, Dr. Bose
testified that there were two surgical purposes. The primary purpose of the surgery
18 Id. 19 See Bullock v. K-Mart Corp., 1995 WL 339025, at *3 (Del. Super. May 5, 1995). 20 See Board Decision I, Nov. 5, 2013, p. 17. 21 BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY (10th ed. 2014). 22 Id. 23 Indeed, while Dr. Rushton opines that the additional surgery will not be successful, Dr. Bose testified that the surgery has a success rate of approximately seventy-five percent. 6 is to reduce Claimant’s intake of pain medications by lowering Claimant’s pain
level. The secondary purpose of the surgery is to determine if Claimant has any
loosening of cervical spine screws at previous infusion sites.
While the Board in Board Decision I and Board Decision II discussed the
primary purpose of reducing pain and pain medication and conceded that Claimant
is in “extraordinary pain” and is “functionally limited[,]”24 the Board failed to
address the secondary purpose of determining whether any screws are loose.
Further, the record suggests that Dr. Rushton did not opine on this secondary
purpose. Nevertheless, the Board conceded that “Claimant may require surgery to
fix any screws that may be loose.”25 Accordingly, the Board recognized the
validity of the secondary purpose for the additional surgery; however, failed to
address this purpose before determining that the proposed surgery is not a
reasonable and necessary approach to correcting such a problem. While Employer
was obligated to compensate Claimant for his first two surgeries, the Board now
contends that Employer is not obligated to compensate Claimant for a third
surgery, which may adress complications (loosening screws) that derived from one
of the previous compensated surgeries.
24 Board Decision I, Nov. 5, 2013, p. 16. 25 Id. at p. 17. 7 Conclusion
The Court has examined the record below and determined that substantial
evidence supports Board Decision III and Claimant was properly awarded
additional compensation for the proposed surgery. Accordingly, Board Decision
III must be and hereby is AFFIRMED.
IT IS SO ORDERED this 18th day of April, 2016.
Andrea L. Rocanelli _____________________________ The Honorable Andrea L. Rocanelli