Advanced Mobilehome v. Uac

663 So. 2d 1382, 1995 WL 712530
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedDecember 6, 1995
Docket94-1023
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 663 So. 2d 1382 (Advanced Mobilehome v. Uac) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Advanced Mobilehome v. Uac, 663 So. 2d 1382, 1995 WL 712530 (Fla. Ct. App. 1995).

Opinion

663 So.2d 1382 (1995)

ADVANCED MOBILEHOME SYSTEMS, INC., Appellant,
v.
UNEMPLOYMENT APPEALS COMMISSION and Joseph W. Scott, Appellees.

No. 94-1023.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fourth District.

December 6, 1995.

*1383 Christopher D. Robinson of Fisher & Phillips, Fort Lauderdale, for Appellant.

John D. Maher, Tallahassee, for Appellee-Unemployment Appeals Com'n.

PARIENTE, Judge.

Advanced Mobilehome Systems, Inc. (employer) appeals an order of the Unemployment Appeals Commission (UAC) finding that its employee, Joseph W. Scott (claimant), was not disqualified from receiving unemployment benefits when he voluntarily quit because he refused to shave a few days' growth of facial hair in violation of employer's policy that employees should be neatly groomed. Because we find employer's policy, as applied to claimant, to be a reasonable grooming standard which did not implicate claimant's constitutional rights, we reverse.

Employer is in the business of installing and repairing roofs, primarily for privately-owned mobile homes. Claimant began his employment with employer in 1991 as a member of the roofing crew and was later *1384 promoted to the position of foreman. At the time claimant was hired, he was informed that employer intended that its employees maintain a "clean cut" appearance. Employees were permitted to wear beards or moustaches, as long as they were properly groomed and, in fact, claimant wore a moustache during his employment. Otherwise, however, employees were expected to be clean shaven. Employer reasoned that because its employees dealt directly with the customers, they should look presentable. To those ends, employer provided clean company T-shirts and shaving supplies.

On the day of claimant's separation from employer in March of 1993, claimant arrived at work with two or three days' facial hair growth from the weekend. The appeals referee determined that:

The reason the claimant left his employment is because he was upset when given corrective counseling by his supervisor. When the claimant arrived at work on March 8, 1993, he was told by the supervisor to go shave. The claimant had two or three-day growth of facial hair left over from the weekend. He was running late on the morning in question and had not shaved. The claimant had been informed at the time he was hired he was expected to [be] neat and clean for his presentation to homeowners, which were the primary customers of the employer. On numerous occasions the claimant had been required to shave before being allowed to go out to customer's [sic] homes to work. The claimant knew that he was to be clean shaven, but when confronted on this occasion, he was already upset because of his mother's health situation. The employer told him to go in and shave or leave. The claimant chose not to shave and walked out and left his job.

Prior to leaving, claimant never informed employer that he was trying to grow a beard or that there was either a health or religious reason for his facial hair. Rather, claimant testified that he did not try to discuss this with employer because he was fed up with what he perceived to be an unfair policy. The appeals referee denied claimant benefits finding that he voluntarily quit without good cause attributable to the employer.

While the UAC accepted the appeals referee's findings of fact, it rejected the referee's conclusion of law that claimant should be denied benefits:

Although the employer has a right to establish regulations and to expect that employees will follow them, the employee also has certain inherent rights which may be exercised without invoking a penalty under the unemployment compensation law. One of those inherent protected rights is the "freedom of an adult to present himself physically to the world in a manner of personal choice." Breen v. Kahl, 296 F. Supp. 702, 706 (W.D.Wis.), 419 Fed.2d 1034 (7th Cir. 1969), cert. denied, 398 U.S. 937, 90 S.Ct. 1836, 26 L.Ed.2d 268 (1970). To contravene a protected freedom, the employer must demonstrate that its interest in setting and enforcing the rule is so substantial that it outweighs the resulting impairment of the claimant's constitutional rights.
The employer in this case has not sustained the burden of showing that reporting for work in an unshaved condition would adversely and irreparably impair its legitimate business interest or that there was a safety or sanitation requirement for the claimant to shave. The claimant was a roofing foreman. Although he had some contact with the general public in the course of his duty, that contact was minimal. The employer in this case has failed to demonstrate the reasonableness of the requirement that the claimant shave; consequently, the claimant is not disqualified from receipt of unemployment compensation benefits.

While it is not our province to reverse a final administrative order which is amply supported by competent substantial evidence, if we find "the agency has erroneously interpreted a provision of law," we have authority to set aside the order. See LeDew v. Unemployment Appeals Comm'n, 456 So.2d 1219, 1222 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984); § 120.68(9)(a), Fla. Stat. (1993). See also Public Employees Relations Comm'n v. Dade County Police Benevolent Ass'n, 467 So.2d 987 (Fla. 1985); *1385 Barry v. Faulk Inv., Inc., 621 So.2d 713 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993). We find the UAC's decision to be clearly erroneous in its conclusion that claimant's "inherent" constitutional rights were violated by employer's "neat and clean" policy; in its misapplication of principles of constitutional law to a private employer; and in the legal standard of proof UAC imposed on employer to justify the grooming standard.

Our analysis begins with acknowledging that the right to choose one's mode of personal hair grooming is protected from arbitrary state action by the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution which provides that "no State shall ... deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." While the United States Supreme Court has never directly held that an individual has a constitutional right to determine his or her particular appearance, see Kelley v. Johnson, 425 U.S. 238, 244, 96 S.Ct. 1440, 1444, 47 L.Ed.2d 708, 714 (1976), the law in the eleventh circuit has clearly established that the right of a citizen to determine his or her own appearance, including the mode of personal hair grooming, is "within the great host of liberties protected by the Fourteenth Amendment from arbitrary state action." DeWeese v. Town of Palm Beach, 812 F.2d 1365, 1367 (11th Cir.1987) (citing Lansdale v. Tyler Junior College, 470 F.2d 659, 663 (5th Cir.1972) (en banc), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 986, 93 S.Ct. 2268, 36 L.Ed.2d 964 (1973)); see also Dawson v. Hillsborough County, Fla. School Bd., 322 F. Supp. 286 (M.D.Fla. 1971), aff'd, 445 F.2d 308 (5th Cir.1971). Although concluding that an individual's right to determine his or her own physical appearance is protected from state action by the Fourteenth Amendment, the eleventh circuit in DeWeese noted that it is neither a fundamental right, nor a protected form of expression under the First Amendment. 812 F.2d at 1366 n. 4.

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Bluebook (online)
663 So. 2d 1382, 1995 WL 712530, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/advanced-mobilehome-v-uac-fladistctapp-1995.