Adams v. Providence & Worcester Co.

564 F. Supp. 1373, 36 Fed. R. Serv. 2d 1535, 13 Fed. R. Serv. 1042, 1983 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16642
CourtDistrict Court, D. Massachusetts
DecidedMay 27, 1983
DocketNo. CA 80-2537-T
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 564 F. Supp. 1373 (Adams v. Providence & Worcester Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. Massachusetts primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Adams v. Providence & Worcester Co., 564 F. Supp. 1373, 36 Fed. R. Serv. 2d 1535, 13 Fed. R. Serv. 1042, 1983 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16642 (D. Mass. 1983).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM

TAURO, District Judge.

This is a personal injury case, in which the plaintiff’s finger was crushed between two railroad cars owned by the defendant. After a jury verdict in favor of the plaintiff, defendant moved under Fed.R.Civ.P. Rule 59 for a new trial, and for relief from judgment pursuant to Rule 60(b)(6).

I. Background.

The plaintiff, Michael Adams, is a former employee of the defendant railroad. On August 16, 1977, Adams was working as a trainman, and was attempting to get two railroad cars to couple automatically. When he was unable to get the cars to couple by themselves, he went between the [1375]*1375cars to attempt to set the couplers by hand. While Adams’ hand was on the coupler of one of the cars, the other car rolled into the coupler and crushed part of his finger. The top half of his finger was subsequently amputated. Adams was out of work, except for one day, from the date of the injury until November 2,1977. During this time, he received his full wages. Adams then returned to his job, and after a short period of time resumed his full duties.

On August 15,1980, Adams filed this suit, under the Federal Employer’s Liability Act (FELA), 45 U.S.C. §§ 51 et seq., the Safety Appliance Acts (SAA), 45 U.S.C. § 2, and the common law. The day after the complaint was served, the railroad removed Adams from service, on the ground that he was medically unfit for continued work. Adams was never returned to service, and was subsequently terminated for alleged picket line misconduct. Notwithstanding this subsequent termination for non-medical reasons, the railroad has never lifted the medical disqualification under which Adams was originally removed from service.

After trial, a jury found the railroad liable under the FELA, the SAA and common law negligence. The jury awarded $625,000 in damages. It also found that Adams was 20% contributorily negligent. Under the FELA, however, when a violation of the SAA is shown, no diminution of damages on account of contributory negligence is allowed. 45 U.S.C. § 53. On December 17, 1982 judgment was entered for Adams in the amount of $625,000 plus $157,277.40 in prejudgment interest.1

II. Motion for New Trial.

The railroad moves for a new trial on the grounds that (1) certain evidentiary rulings were erroneous and prejudicial, (2) the jury verdict was excessive, and (3) the evidence showed that Adams’ accident was caused by his own negligence.

A. Evidentiary Rulings.

The railroad contends that it was prejudiced by the erroneous admission of two letters offered by Adams, and the exclusion of a letter offered by the railroad. The first contested letter was from Orville Harrold, then general manager of the railroad, to Adams, dated August. 28, 1980, removing Adams from service. The railroad sought to exclude this letter on relevance grounds, arguing that it bore only on the question of wrongful termination. The letter states, however, that the railroad was removing Adams on the basis of his physical and mental condition caused by his on-the-job injury. It is thus' a clear statement of the position that the railroad was taking as to the effects of Adams’ injury.

The railroad argues that the letter is not competent evidence of Adams’ physical condition, in that Mr. Harrold made no independent investigation of Adams’ condition. This argument misses the legal import of opposing party admissions. An admission in a party’s pleadings is taken as established regardless of whether it has any factual basis. Similarly, a party-opponent admission is not considered hearsay, regardless of whether the statement exhibits any indicia of reliability. See Fed.R.Ev.Rule 801. Mr. Harrold testified at trial that the railroad still had not lifted the medical disqualification it had placed on Adams in the August 28, 1980 letter. Under those circumstances, that letter was clearly relevant and admissible.

The second letter was from Adams to Mr. Harrold, dated October 22, 1982. Mr. Harrold had been asked, in deposition and at trial, what Adams would have to do to get his medical disqualification lifted. Mr. Harrold testified at trial that Adams would have to write a letter stating that he was fit and able to perform his duties. Adams then introduced the October 22 let[1376]*1376ter, in which Adams stated, “I ... presently am fit and capable of performing my duties as I was on the day you removed me from service.” This letter, like the earlier letter, directly addressed the issue of Adams’ physical condition, and the railroad’s position on this issue. Mr. Harrold stated at trial that, despite the October 22 letter, the railroad had not lifted its medical disqualification. The testimony, in conjunction with the letter, served to clarify the parties’ positions on a central issue in the case, namely the effect of Adams’ injury on his physical condition. The October 22 letter, then, was directly relevant.

At the time Adams’ letter of October 22 was introduced, the railroad attempted to introduce a letter which terminated Adams for picket line misconduct. This letter was excluded because it had no relevance to Adams’ physical condition. In contrast to his removal from service, Adams’ termination was not for medical reasons.

The railroad contends that, by virtue of these evidentiary rulings, the jury was left with the mistaken impression that Adams’ medical condition prevented him from returning to work with the railroad. The short answer to that argument is that the letters which were admitted, together with the testimony of Mr. Harrold and Adams, established that (1) Adams was injured while on the job, (2) the defendant removed Adams from service on the grounds that he was medically disqualified to perform his duties, (3) Adams sought reinstatement but the defendant refused to lift the medical disqualification and continued that refusal at trial. Only evidence as to Adams’ medical disqualification was admitted into evidence. The objected to letters were relevant to that issue. The excluded letter related to Adams’ picket line activity. It was irrelevant and, therefore, was excluded. These rulings were proper and do not justify a new trial.

B. The Size Of The Jury Award.

The First Circuit has recently reiterated that a jury’s award in a tort case should not be set aside unless it is “grossly excessive” or “shocking to the conscience.” Kolb v. Goldring, Inc., 694 F.2d 869, 871 (1st Cir. 1982). In describing the particular deference due to jury awards in tort cases, Kolb pointed out that damages in such cases “are given to compensate for losses not susceptible of arithmetical calculation, such as pain and grief.” Id.

The jury had before it evidence as to damages for (1) lost back wages from the time Adams was removed from service for medical reasons in August 1980 to the time of trial, (2) impaired earning capacity, and (3) pain and suffering.2

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Related

Michael Adams v. Providence and Worcester Company
721 F.2d 870 (First Circuit, 1983)

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Bluebook (online)
564 F. Supp. 1373, 36 Fed. R. Serv. 2d 1535, 13 Fed. R. Serv. 1042, 1983 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16642, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/adams-v-providence-worcester-co-mad-1983.