DLD-125 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ___________
No. 18-2756 ___________
SHAUN DAVID ADAMS, Appellant
v.
LIEUTENANT GLASS; CORRECTIONAL OFFICER 1 BOYER; SGT. SHANE RYEN; C/O JOHN BURGH; C/O RANDOLPH STRICKLAND; C/O JEFFREY SHAFFER; C/O DONALD FARABAUGH ____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (D.C. Civil Action Nos. 16-cv-00218 & 16-cv-00228) District Judge: Honorable Kim R. Gibson ____________________________________
Submitted for Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) or Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6 March 7, 2019 Before: JORDAN, GREENAWAY, JR. and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: April 4, 2019) _________
OPINION* _________
PER CURIAM
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. Shaun D. Adams appeals the District Court’s orders granting Appellees’ motions
to dismiss and for summary judgment. For the reasons below, we will summarily affirm
the District Court’s judgment.
In October 2016, Adams filed a civil rights complaint alleging that Appellees were
deliberately indifferent to his safety when he was attacked by another prisoner in the
recreation yard in November 2014.1 After he amended his complaint, Appellees filed a
motion to dismiss. The District Court granted the motion with respect to Appellee Glass
but gave Adams time to amend his complaint again with respect to Appellee Glass.
When Adams failed to file an amended complaint, the dismissal of the claims against
Glass became with prejudice. Appellees subsequently filed a motion for summary
judgment, arguing that Adams had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. A
Magistrate Judge recommended that the motion for summary judgment be granted. The
District Court agreed and granted the motion. Adams filed a notice of appeal.
We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and exercise de novo review
over the District Court’s determinations that Adams failed to state a claim and failed to
exhaust his administrative remedies. Robinson v. Superintendent Rockview SCI, 831
F.3d 148, 153 (3d Cir. 2016)(exhaustion); Tourscher v. McCullough, 184 F.3d 236, 240
(3d Cir. 1999)(failure to state a claim).
Failure to state a claim
1 Another copy of the complaint was filed, and a separate District Court case was opened. The two cases were consolidated. 2 In order to state a claim, a plaintiff must make sufficient factual allegations to
allow a court to “draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the
misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009). It is not enough
for a plaintiff to offer only conclusory allegations or a simple recital of the elements of a
claim. Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). Not every injury
inflicted by one inmate on another creates a constitutional liability for prison officials.
Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834 (1994). We have held that a corrections officer
who fails to intervene when a prisoner is being beaten may be liable for failing to protect
the prisoner if the officer had “a reasonable opportunity to intervene and simply refused
to do so.” Smith v. Mensinger, 293 F.3d 641, 650–51 (3d Cir. 2002).
In his amended complaint, Adams alleged that Appellee Glass was posted in the
yard and did not take action during the assault. Adams asserted that Glass should have
seen the assault. Adams has not alleged any facts that would support a finding that Glass
saw the assault and had a reasonable opportunity to intervene. The District Court did not
err in dismissing the claims against Glass for failure to state a claim.
3 Exhaustion
A grant of summary judgment will be affirmed if our review reveals that “there is
no genuine dispute as to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). Section 1997e(a) provides that a prisoner may not
file a complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 until he has exhausted available administrative
remedies. In Pennsylvania, the first step for inmates is to file a grievance form within 15
working days of the incident. See Robinson, 831 F.3d at 151.
In his response to Appellees’ motion for summary judgment, Adams conceded that
he never filed a grievance regarding the assault. He argued that he was unable to file a
grievance due to the injuries he sustained. He asserted that he was blindfolded and
heavily medicated during his recovery. Adams did not allege that he requested an
extension of time to file a grievance or requested any assistance to file a grievance.2
Adams also claimed that the assault was investigated by the security office and that this
made exhaustion of administrative remedies futile. However, he did not explain why an
investigation by the security department would make the grievance process futile.
Moreover, Adams did not describe the security department’s investigation or whether it
examined not only the assault but the Appellees’ responses to the attack – the crux of
Adams’s claims.
2 Appellees submitted a declaration by the Chief Grievance Officer for the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections who stated that accommodations would have been made if Adams’s injuries were serious enough to prevent him from timely filing a grievance. 4 After the Magistrate Judge filed her Report and Recommendation, Adams filed
objections and submitted additional evidence. He included paperwork indicating that he
had submitted a request to file an untimely grievance regarding the assault. The
Superintendent Assistant informed Adams that while extensions could be granted for
filing grievances, his request was filed almost two years after the assault. Adams also
submitted medical records showing the care he received after the assault. The records
appear to show that Adams was returned to the Restricted Housing Unit from the
infirmary on November 15, 2014, fourteen days after the assault. He was given an eye
patch on November 13th which he returned on December 15, 2014. Adams does not state
when he had recovered enough such that he would have been able to file a grievance or
why he could not request help in filing a grievance.
Adams argues that he should be excused from the exhaustion requirement due to
the circumstances of his injuries. In Ross v. Blake, 136 S. Ct. 1850, 1855 (2016), the
Supreme Court rejected a “special circumstances” exception to the exhaustion
requirement. The Court noted that the only exception was if the administrative remedies
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DLD-125 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ___________
No. 18-2756 ___________
SHAUN DAVID ADAMS, Appellant
v.
LIEUTENANT GLASS; CORRECTIONAL OFFICER 1 BOYER; SGT. SHANE RYEN; C/O JOHN BURGH; C/O RANDOLPH STRICKLAND; C/O JEFFREY SHAFFER; C/O DONALD FARABAUGH ____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (D.C. Civil Action Nos. 16-cv-00218 & 16-cv-00228) District Judge: Honorable Kim R. Gibson ____________________________________
Submitted for Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) or Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6 March 7, 2019 Before: JORDAN, GREENAWAY, JR. and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: April 4, 2019) _________
OPINION* _________
PER CURIAM
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. Shaun D. Adams appeals the District Court’s orders granting Appellees’ motions
to dismiss and for summary judgment. For the reasons below, we will summarily affirm
the District Court’s judgment.
In October 2016, Adams filed a civil rights complaint alleging that Appellees were
deliberately indifferent to his safety when he was attacked by another prisoner in the
recreation yard in November 2014.1 After he amended his complaint, Appellees filed a
motion to dismiss. The District Court granted the motion with respect to Appellee Glass
but gave Adams time to amend his complaint again with respect to Appellee Glass.
When Adams failed to file an amended complaint, the dismissal of the claims against
Glass became with prejudice. Appellees subsequently filed a motion for summary
judgment, arguing that Adams had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. A
Magistrate Judge recommended that the motion for summary judgment be granted. The
District Court agreed and granted the motion. Adams filed a notice of appeal.
We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and exercise de novo review
over the District Court’s determinations that Adams failed to state a claim and failed to
exhaust his administrative remedies. Robinson v. Superintendent Rockview SCI, 831
F.3d 148, 153 (3d Cir. 2016)(exhaustion); Tourscher v. McCullough, 184 F.3d 236, 240
(3d Cir. 1999)(failure to state a claim).
Failure to state a claim
1 Another copy of the complaint was filed, and a separate District Court case was opened. The two cases were consolidated. 2 In order to state a claim, a plaintiff must make sufficient factual allegations to
allow a court to “draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the
misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009). It is not enough
for a plaintiff to offer only conclusory allegations or a simple recital of the elements of a
claim. Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). Not every injury
inflicted by one inmate on another creates a constitutional liability for prison officials.
Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834 (1994). We have held that a corrections officer
who fails to intervene when a prisoner is being beaten may be liable for failing to protect
the prisoner if the officer had “a reasonable opportunity to intervene and simply refused
to do so.” Smith v. Mensinger, 293 F.3d 641, 650–51 (3d Cir. 2002).
In his amended complaint, Adams alleged that Appellee Glass was posted in the
yard and did not take action during the assault. Adams asserted that Glass should have
seen the assault. Adams has not alleged any facts that would support a finding that Glass
saw the assault and had a reasonable opportunity to intervene. The District Court did not
err in dismissing the claims against Glass for failure to state a claim.
3 Exhaustion
A grant of summary judgment will be affirmed if our review reveals that “there is
no genuine dispute as to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). Section 1997e(a) provides that a prisoner may not
file a complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 until he has exhausted available administrative
remedies. In Pennsylvania, the first step for inmates is to file a grievance form within 15
working days of the incident. See Robinson, 831 F.3d at 151.
In his response to Appellees’ motion for summary judgment, Adams conceded that
he never filed a grievance regarding the assault. He argued that he was unable to file a
grievance due to the injuries he sustained. He asserted that he was blindfolded and
heavily medicated during his recovery. Adams did not allege that he requested an
extension of time to file a grievance or requested any assistance to file a grievance.2
Adams also claimed that the assault was investigated by the security office and that this
made exhaustion of administrative remedies futile. However, he did not explain why an
investigation by the security department would make the grievance process futile.
Moreover, Adams did not describe the security department’s investigation or whether it
examined not only the assault but the Appellees’ responses to the attack – the crux of
Adams’s claims.
2 Appellees submitted a declaration by the Chief Grievance Officer for the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections who stated that accommodations would have been made if Adams’s injuries were serious enough to prevent him from timely filing a grievance. 4 After the Magistrate Judge filed her Report and Recommendation, Adams filed
objections and submitted additional evidence. He included paperwork indicating that he
had submitted a request to file an untimely grievance regarding the assault. The
Superintendent Assistant informed Adams that while extensions could be granted for
filing grievances, his request was filed almost two years after the assault. Adams also
submitted medical records showing the care he received after the assault. The records
appear to show that Adams was returned to the Restricted Housing Unit from the
infirmary on November 15, 2014, fourteen days after the assault. He was given an eye
patch on November 13th which he returned on December 15, 2014. Adams does not state
when he had recovered enough such that he would have been able to file a grievance or
why he could not request help in filing a grievance.
Adams argues that he should be excused from the exhaustion requirement due to
the circumstances of his injuries. In Ross v. Blake, 136 S. Ct. 1850, 1855 (2016), the
Supreme Court rejected a “special circumstances” exception to the exhaustion
requirement. The Court noted that the only exception was if the administrative remedies
were not “available.” The Ross Court discussed three ways that a grievance system could
be unavailable to an inmate. Id. at 1859. The first way was if prison officials were
unable or consistently unwilling to provide any relief in response to the grievances. Next,
if a grievance system was too difficult or confusing for a prisoner to navigate. Finally, a
grievance system is unavailable if prison officials thwart the use of it through
“machination, misrepresentation, or intimidation.” Id. at 1860. Adams has made no 5 allegations that would support a determination that the grievance system was unavailable
to him in any of these three ways. Adams’s temporary inability to file a grievance on his
own did not make the administrative remedies “unavailable.”
As for the security department’s investigation, Adams submitted a form which
appears to be used to document significant occurrences in the prison. In the section of
the form for a description of the occurrence, the author wrote that Adams came in from
the yard bleeding and was transported to a local hospital. The author noted that video of
the yard was reviewed and it was determined that Adam’s injuries resulted from an
inmate fight. The video was sent to the Security Office for further review. There was no
indication that the security department investigated or even knew of Adams’s allegations
regarding the Appellees’ failure to intervene in the assault. Moreover, unlike the prisoner
in Brown V. Croak, 312 F.3d 109, 112 (3d Cir. 2002), Adams does not allege that he was
told to hold off on filing a grievance until the investigation by security was complete.
Any investigation by the security office of the assault on Adams did not make the
administrative remedies unavailable to him.
The District Court did not err in granting Appellees’ motions to dismiss and for
summary judgment. Summary action is appropriate if there is no substantial question
presented in the appeal. See Third Circuit LAR 27.4. For the above reasons, as well as
those set forth by the District Court, we will summarily affirm the District Court’s
judgment. See Third Circuit I.O.P. 10.6.