NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION
STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL
itei FIRST CIRCUIT
2019 CW 1523
ADAM PROCELL
VERSUS
CITY OF BAKER POLICE DEPARTMENT & BAKER MUNICIPAL FIRE & POLICE CIVIL SERVICE BOARD
DATE OF JUDGMENT' NOV 1' 2 2020
ON APPEAL FROM THE NINETEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT NUMBER 674284, SECTION 24, PARISH OF EAST BATON ROUGE STATE OF LOUISIANA
HONORABLE R. MICHAEL CALDWELL, JUDGE
Jennifer A. Motlow Counsel for Plaintiff A - ppellee Baton Rouge, Louisiana Adam Procell
Ashly Van Earl Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Kenneth R. Fabre Counsel for Defendants -Appellants Baker, Louisiana City of Baker Police Department & Baker Municipal Fire & Police Civil Mark D. Plaisance Service Board Marcus J. Plaisance Prairieville, Louisiana
BEFORE: WELCH, HOLDRIDGE, AND CHUTZ, JJ.
Disposition: APPEAL CONVERTED TO SUPERVISORY WRIT; WRIT GRANTED; AND JUDGMENT AFFIRMED. CHUTZ, I
The City of Baker Police Department ( the Department) and the Baker
Municipal Fire and Police Civil Service Board ( the Board) appeal a district court
judgment reversing the Board' s decision to uphold the termination of Adam Procell
from the Baker police force. For the following reasons, we convert the appeal to an
application for supervisory writs, grant the writ, and affirm the district court' s
judgment.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On April 14, 2017, Procell was a sergeant with the Department serving with
permanent status. When Procell and another officer responded to an alarm at a Baker
charter school, they found an open door but no signs of criminal activity. As they
were exiting the building, they heard approximately ten gunshots appearing to come
from a distance of roughly fifty yards. Upon requesting backup, Procell was
informed that a window had been shot out at a nearby Wal- Mart, and people were
running in his direction.
Once backup arrived, Procell and other officers proceeded into nearby woods
where Procell had seen someone standing earlier. They encountered several
individuals, who apparently were homeless and living in the woods. The individuals
were advised of their rights, detained, and transported to the Baker police station.
The appellate record does not indicate whether these individuals were ever charged
with any offense.
The officers also decided to canvass the neighborhood adjoining the woods.
Procell approached the home of Ben Gautreaux, who is the son of East Baton Rouge
Parish Sheriff Sid Gautreaux,2 and inquired whether he had heard gunshots.
1 Unless otherwise indicated, all references to dates in this opinion refer to dates in 2017.
2 At the time of the incident, Procell had applied to and had an expectation of being hired by the East Baton Rouge Parish Sheriff' s Office.
2 Gautreaux admitted he had fired the gunshots, stating he was shooting at a snake in
his backyard. According to Procell, he examined the area Gautreaux indicated and
t]here was a lot of dirt disturbed and some holes and things like that." At one
point, Procell told Gautreaux, " I' m not going to say nothing." Procell claimed he
made this statement in response to Gautreaux' s comment about his messy backyard,
which contained debris and other items.
In any event, Procell advised Gautreaux he had violated a city ordinance
prohibiting the discharge of firearms within the city limits. He also stated to
Gautreaux that " it was not a big deal and " it' s BS." Procell testified he made these
remarks in order to put Gautreaux at ease. While at the Gautreaux residence, Procell
received a call from Baker police chief, Carl Dunn (the Chief), and briefed him on
the situation. Procell departed without arresting Gautreaux or issuing a summons.
He testified no one instructed him to do so.
After speaking to the Chief a second time, Procell returned to the Gautreaux
residence. Gautreaux was given a ticket for violating the firearms ordinance, the
firearm he used was seized, and he was instructed to report to the police station for
questioning by detectives. Gautreaux eventually was convicted of illegally
discharging a firearm within city limits. No evidence was recovered linking
Gautreaux to the Wal-Mart shooting, and he was not prosecuted for that offense.
Several days after the incident, on April 17, 3 the Chief ordered an internal
affairs ( IA) investigation of Procell, who was placed on administrative duty. The
Chief believed Procell mishandled the Gautreaux incident and possibly was
3 The IA investigation was conducted by Baker Police Captain Christopher Becnel. Captain Becnel testified he began gathering evidence on April 17 on the Chief' s verbal instruction, but did not receive written instructions to begin the investigation until he received an email from the Chief on April 27. Based on these facts, Procell asserts the IA investigation commenced on April 17, while appellants assert it commenced on April 27. Because the result we reach would be the same regardless of whether the IA investigation commenced on April 17 or April 27, we express no opinion on the matter.
3 attempting to conceal any connection between Gautreaux' s actions and the Wal-
Mart shooting. The Department also initiated a criminal investigation of Procell' s
conduct shortly thereafter. On April 27, Procell was arrested for malfeasance in
office and obstruction of justice. In November 2017, the district attorney declined
to pursue any changes against Procell.
Following Procell' s arrest, the Chief ordered on May 4 that the IA
investigation be suspended. On June 19, the Chief ordered the IA investigation be
resumed. At the end of the IA investigation, Captain Becnel prepared a report in
which he stated, " At this time, I am unable to reach a conclusion as to what, if any,
policies were violated during the course of the incident in question." The Chief
disagreed with the report and conducted his own investigation of the incident.
Procell was not given notice of the Chief' s investigation.
On July 19, Procell was given notice of a Loudermill' hearing scheduled for
August 8. The notice directed Procell' s attention to the portion of the Department' s
policies and procedures, General Order 107, dealing with situations where a
member" has been " officially charged" with a felony. After the hearing was
rescheduled to September 18, Procell was given a second Loudermill notice, which
was identical in content to the first notice except for the date of the hearing.
Following the Loudermill hearing, the Mayor of Baker terminated Procell' s
employment, effective October 11. The stated reasons for the termination were
violations of General Order 107, for failing to obey direct order( s) from Baker
Police Chief Carl Dunn and for misrepresenting facts and/ or making false statements
to Chief Dunn."'
4 Cleveland Board ofEducation v. Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532, 105 S. Ct. 1487, 84 L.Ed.2d 494 1985).
5 The record before us does not contain a transcript of the Loudermill hearing. During his testimony before the Board on appeal, however, the Chief claimed Procell misrepresented facts and/ or made a false statement by saying he actually saw ten holes in the ground from Gautreaux' s gunfire.
4 Procell appealed his termination to the Board, which held a public hearing on
the appeal on June 6, 2018. In addition to asserting a lack of good cause for the
termination, Procell' s counsel argued the termination was invalid because: ( 1) the
IA investigation was not completed within sixty days as required by La. R.S.
40: 2531( B)( 7) ( the sixty- day rule); and ( 2) the termination was based on grounds
that exceeded the scope of the Loudermill notice.6 After taking the matter under
advisement, on August 30, 2018, the five -member Board upheld Procell' s
termination by a vote of three to two. The Board gave the following reasons for its
decision:
Mr. Procell' s behavior was unprofessional and the appointing authority lost confidence in his ability to perform the job professionally and with trust. Further, the assertion that Mr. Procell made that the matter was not a serious matter in that it could not be associated with the shots fired at Walmart was based upon poor judgment. Therefore, the appointing authority' s actions were taken in good faith and should be upheld.
Procell filed a notice of appeal and petition for judicial review appealing the
Board' s decision to the Nineteenth Judicial District Court. Following a hearing, the
district court concluded the IA investigation was not completed within the required
sixty- day period. The district court further opined that " there is also [ a] good
argument that the [ Loudermill] notice provided one provision that was to be
considered, and at the hearing[,, others were considered beyond the notice."
Accordingly, the district court reversed the Board' s decision upholding Procell' s
termination and signed a judgment on September 5, 2019, ordering Procell' s
retroactive reinstatement.
6 The Board expressly rejected Procell' s claim that the IA investigation violated the sixty-day rule. While the Board did not expressly rule on his claim that the Loudermill notice was inadequate, the Board' s rejection of that claim is implicit in its decision upholding Procell' s termination. See Hardy v. Hardy, 18- 0487 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 2/ 28/ 19), 273 So. 3d 448, 454 ( silence in a judgment as to any issue, claim, or demand placed before the court generally is deemed a rejection thereof).
5 The Department and the Board ( collectively, appellants) took a suspensive
appeal to this court. They contend the district court erred in granting relief on its
own motion on the basis of an alleged violation of the sixty- day rule when that issue
was not included in Procell' s notice of appeal to the district court. Appellants
contend the district court also erred in failing to find the sixty-day period was suspended during the pendency of the criminal investigation of Procell' s conduct.
Lastly, appellants assert the Board acted in good faith in affirming Procell' s
termination for failing to follow orders and misrepresenting facts or making false statements, and its decision should be upheld.
APPEALABILITY OF DISTRICT COURT JUDGMENT
Even when the issue is not raised by the parties, appellate courts have a duty to determine sua sponte whether subject matter jurisdiction exists. Marrero v. L
Manheim Auctions, Inc., 19- 0365 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 11/ 19/ 19), 291 So. 3d 236, 238.
We note that appellate jurisdiction for an appeal from a decision of a police civil
service board is vested in the district court pursuant to La. R.S. 33: 2501( E)( 1).' In
such cases, a court of appeal lacks appellate jurisdiction to review the district court' s
decision on the civil service appeal. Thus, in accordance with well- established
jurisprudence, we will convert the instant appeal to an application for supervisory writs. See Miazza v. City ofMandeville, 10- 0304 ( La. 5/ 21/ 10), 34 So. 3d 849 (per
curiam); In re Jackson, 19- 0164 ( La. App. 1 st Cir. 1/ 2/ 20) ( unpublished), 2020 WL
42051, at * 1, n.2, writ denied, 20- 00202 ( La. 4/ 27/ 20), 295 So. 3d 403; and Baton
Rouge Police Department v. O'Malley, 10- 1386 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 3/ 25/ 11), 64
So. 3d 773, 774, n. I.
7 The fire and police civil service law governing municipalities with populations between 13, 000 and 250, 000 ( i. e., La. R.S. 33: 2471 — La. R.S. 33: 2508) is applicable herein since the City of Baker had a population of 13, 895 in the 2010 federal census, the latest federal decennial census for which official figures have been made public. See La. R.S. 33: 2471( A).
G NOTICE OF APPEAL
To perfect an appeal of the Board' s decision, La. R. S. 33: 2501( E)( 2) required
Procell to file a written notice of appeal " stating the grounds thereof' ,within thirty
days of the Board' s decision. Because Procell did not refer to the alleged violation
of the sixty-day rule in his notice of appeal, appellants contend the district court
lacked authority to consider this issue, sua sponte, and to reverse the Board' s
decision on that basis.
Appellants' contention lacks merit, particularly since the principle that
appeals are favored applies equally in civil service matters. Odom v. City ofMinden, 281 So. 2d 117, 119 ( La. 1973); Pailet v. Office of Health Services &
Environmental Quality, Department of Health & Human Resources, 387 So. 2d
1274, 1277- 78 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 1980). In Odom, the Louisiana Supreme Court
concluded the appellant' s notice of appeal was adequate and expressed disfavor with
the imposition of stringent, technical requirements that would make civil service
appeals more onerous than appeals in ordinary matters. Odom, 281 So. 2d at 119.
The Odom Court held "[ i] t suffices if the notice of appeal [ in a civil service matter]
contains a reasonably clear and concise statement of the action from which the
appeal is taken." Odom, 281 So. 2d at 119; see also City of Houma v. Houma
Municipal Fire & Police Civil Service Board, 405 So.2d 1132, 1133 ( La. App. 1st
Cir. 1981), writ denied, 410 So.2d 1134 ( La. 1982).
More recently, in Moore v. Ware, 01- 3341 ( La. 2/ 25/ 03), 839 So. 2d 940,
which involved an appeal from a decision of a municipal fire and police civil service
board, the court applied the same spirit of liberality with respect to the employee' s
notice of appeal to the district court. Specifically, the Louisiana Supreme Court
considered the employee' s racial discrimination claim even after noting his petition
for appeal to the district court did not raise that issue. Moore, 839 So. 2d at 945, 949-
52. In the instant case, Procell' s notice of appeal and petition for judicial review
did not specifically mention the sixty- day rule or the adequacy of the Loudermill
notice. The notice of appeal states that Procell " requests the Court ... to review the
Baker Municipal Fire and Police Civil Service Board' s decision of August 30, 2018,
wherein it upheld [ his] termination."' However, while the notice of appeal did not
refer to the sixty- day rule or the Loudermill notice, these issues were raised in
Procell' s memorandum in support of his appeal. Thus, we disagree with appellants'
contention that the district court considered these issues sua sponte. Procell' s
memorandum put appellants on notice that he continued to pursue these issues, as
he had before the Board, and gave appellants an opportunity to respond thereto.
Appellants were not in any manner surprised, prejudiced or adversely affected
regarding these issues due to the content of the notice of appeal. See Touchette v.
City ofRayne, Municipal Fire & Police Civil Service Board, 321 So. 2d 62, 64 ( La.
App. 3d Cir. 1975).
Nor does the appellate record reveal appellants made any objection to the
district court' s consideration of these issues. Under the circumstances, we conclude
the notice of appeal filed by Procell was adequate. It contained a clear and concise
statement that he was appealing the Board' s August 30, 2018 decision upholding his
termination, thereby preserving all issues related to that decision.9
s In addition to this general statement, Procell' s notice of appeal also listed a number of reasons for review of the Board' s decision, including that the decision violated Procell' s due process rights and was manifestly erroneous and/ or clearly wrong.
9 Similarly, in City of Houma, 405 So.2d at 1133, this court held a notice of appeal, which stated only that " the appeal was taken from the action of the Board in reducing the length of appellant' s suspension," was adequate. In Touchette, the appellant' s notice of appeal merely identified the municipal fire and police civil service board from which the appeal was taken, the date of the board' s decision, and the district court to which the appeal was taken. The Third Circuit found the notice of appeal was sufficient, concluding it was reasonably clear and concise. Touchette, 321 So. 2d at 64.
H. DISTRICT COURT JUDGMENT
Sixty-Dav Rule:
Appellants argue the district court erred in finding the Department violated
the sixty- day rule for completion of IA investigations. Specifically, they contend
the sixty-day period was suspended under La. R. S. 40: 2531( B)( 7) during the
pendency of the criminal investigation into Procell' s conduct, which was still
ongoing at the time of Procell' s termination.
Louisiana Revised Statutes 40: 2531, the Police Officers' Bill of Rights,
specifies the minimum standards that apply to the investigations of law enforcement
officers. Miller a City of Gonzales, 15- 1008 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 8/ 31/ 16), 202 So. 3d
1114, 1118. Any adverse action taken against a police officer " without complete
compliance" with the minimum standards set forth is an absolute nullity. La. R.S.
40: 2531( C). One of the standards set forth in the Police Officers' Bill of Rights is
the requirement that the investigation of an officer must be completed within sixty
days of its initiation. La. R.S. 40: 2531( B)( 7).
The IA investigation of Procell was initiated in this case on April 17.
Following Procell' s arrest, the IA investigation was suspended on May 4, upon the
Chief s orders, and was not resumed until June 19. The IA investigation was
completed on July 19, when Procell was first given notice of a pre -disciplinary
Loudermill hearing. See La. R.S. 40: 2531( B)( 7) ( An investigation is complete
upon notice to the [ police officer] under investigation of a pre -disciplinary hearing
or a determination of an unfounded or unsustained complaint."). Thus, the total
period from the initiation of the IA investigation on April 17 until its completion on
July 19 clearly exceeded sixty days.
Nevertheless, there are several exceptions to the sixty- day rule. The exception
appellants rely on is the exception that exists when the investigation of a police
w officer concerns alleged criminal conduct.10 In O' Hern v. Department of Police,
13- 1416 ( La. 11/ 8/ 13), 131 So. 3d 29, 31- 33, the Louisiana Supreme Court
interpreted the last sentence of La. R.S. 40: 253l( B)( 7), providing that "[ n] othing in
this Paragraph shall limit any investigation of alleged criminal activity" to mean the
sixty- day period for completion of an investigation does not apply to investigations
of conduct involving alleged criminal activity. See also McMasters v. Department
ofPolice, 13- 2634 ( La. 2/ 28/ 14), 134 So. 3d 1163, 1163- 64 (per curiam).
In the instant case, the Chief suspected Procell of concealing information
about the shooting at the Gautreaux residence in order to prevent Gautreaux from
being connected to the Wal- Mart shooting. Such conduct by a police officer could
constitute criminal activity consisting of malfeasance in office and/ or obstruction of
justice. See La. R.S. 14: 130. 1 and La. R.S. 14: 134. It was on these charges that
Procell was arrested on April 27. The charges were not resolved until November
2017, when the district attorney declined to prosecute Procell.
During the criminal investigation of Procell' s conduct, the Department
suspended the IA investigation from May 4 to June 19, a period of forty- six days.
Under the exception recognized in O' Hern, the sixty- day period for completion of
the IA investigation did not run during this period since the Department was
permitted to defer the IA investigation during the pendency of the criminal
investigation. See McMasters, 134 So. 3d at 1163- 64; O' Hern, 131 So. 3d at 31- 33.
Moreover, once the forty -six-day suspension period is subtracted from the ninety-
three -day period between the initiation of the IA investigation on April 17 and its
completion on July 19, the IA investigation was completed within sixty days.
Accordingly, the district court erred in reversing the Board' s decision on the basis
that the sixty-day rule was violated.
Other exceptions not applicable herein are when an extension is granted by the civil service board upon the appointing authority showing good cause and when the parties enter into a written agreement extending the time for the investigation. La. R.S. 40: 2531( B)( 7). 10 Loudermill Notice:
Our conclusion that no violation of the sixty-day rule occurred does not,
however, automatically mean the district court' s reversal of the Board' s decision
was incorrect. Procell also argued his termination was invalid because he was
deprived of minimum due process by an inadequate Loudermill notice. Specifically,
he complained the allegations and charges that were considered at the Loudermill
hearing and which formed the basis for his termination exceeded the scope of the
single charge raised in the Loudermill notice he received.
The due process clause provides that the right to life, liberty and property
cannot be deprived except pursuant to constitutionally adequate procedures. U. S.
Const., Amend. 14; Cannon v. City of Hammond, 97- 2660 ( La. App. 1st Cir.
12/ 28/ 98), 727 So. 2d 570, 572. Since it is undisputed that Procell was a permanent
civil service employee of the Department, he possessed a property right in his
employment of which he could not be deprived without cause and procedural due
process. La. Const. Art. 10, Sec. 8( A); Moore, 839 So. 2d at 948; Cannon, 727 So. 2d
at 572.
One of the basic requirements of procedural due process is notice and an
opportunity to respond. Before an employee with permanent status may be
discharged, he is entitled to oral or written notice of the charges against him, an
explanation of his employer' s evidence, and an opportunity to present his side of the
story. Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532, 546, 105 S. Ct.
1487, 1495, 84 L.Ed.2d 494 ( 1985); Cannon, 727 So. 2d at 572.
In this case, the Department herein provided Procell with written Loudermill
notice informing him of the date of the hearing to be held concerning possible
disciplinary action against him. The notice provided, in pertinent part, as follows:
This is a formal notice directing you to appear at a Loudermill Hearing that will be conducted to determine if the possible instances of your misconduct that I briefly summarize in this memo may warrant
11 disciplinary action including suspension or termination from
employment at City of Baker or other disciplinary action.
III. VIOLATIONS OF DEPARTMENTAL POLICY AND STATE LAW:
Your attention is directed to the Baker Police Department Policies and Procedures, specifically General Order Section 107:
GENERAL ORDER NO. 107 MEMBER as DEFENDANT Member as Defendant; any member of the Department who is officially charged with any felony will be immediately suspended until he or she is either exonerated or convicted of such crime. If such member is convicted of a felony, he or she will be immediately dismissed where circumstances warrant. Disciplinary action may be taken without regard to the result of criminal trials.
IV. EVIDENCE TO BE CONSIDERED:
Blank]
V. WITNESS TESTIMONY TO BE CONSIDERED:
V. [ sic] NOTICE OF HEARING:
At that hearing ... you may present such evidence relative to the charges of alleged misconduct as outlined above. You are invited
to produce any documents or present any evidence that you feel would contradict or mitigate any allegation made against you as set forth in this Notice.... This hearing will be focusing on the incident above described....
Emphasis added.)
This notice was insufficient to meet the due process requirements of
Loudermill in that it failed to advise Procell of the alleged misconduct that formed
the basis of his subsequent termination. The notice directed Procell' s attention to
the specific portion of the Department' s General Order 10711 dealing with situations
11 The record does not contain a copy of General Order 107. It purportedly consists of eight pages and contains multiple provisions,including provisions applicable to insubordination and untruthfulness, as well as the provision dealing with a member who is charged with a felony. In this case, the Loudermill notice specifically referred only to the provision of General Order 107 dealing with a member charged with a felony. Thus, the reference to General Order 107 in the 12 when a member or an employee has been " officially charged" with a felony. The
notice contains no allegation or explanation of any other charge against Procell and
clearly indicates the alleged misconduct to be considered at the Loudermill hearing
is " summarize[ d]," " outlined," " set forth," or " described" in the notice. Since the
only specific misconduct alleged in the notice is that Procell was charged with a
felony, it was impossible for Procell to determine from the notice that he was also
alleged to have been insubordinate and untruthful to a supervisor.
Despite this fact, evidence was presented at the Loudermill hearing that
Procell had violated other provisions of General Order 107 by disobeying a direct
order and misrepresenting facts and/or making a false statement to the Chief. At the
hearing before the Board, Procell testified the first time he heard about these
additional charges was at the Loudermill hearing. The only charge referenced in the
Loudermill notice concerned a member of the Department being charged with a
felony.
That charge, however, was not the basis of Procell' s termination. Instead,
Procell was terminated on the basis of being insubordinate and untruthful, charges
he was not advised of in the Loudermill notice. To meet the requirements of
procedural due process, an employee' s right to notice and opportunity to be heard
must be extended at a meaningful time and in a meaningful manner. See Moore,
839 So. 2d at 949. Because Procell was not informed of the nature of the additional
charges against him by the Loudermill notice, he had no meaningful opportunity to
response to those charges. Since Procell was not afforded the procedural due process
rights he was entitled to, his termination was invalid. Thus, while we disagree with
Loudermill notice was limited to that particular provision. The reference cannot reasonably be construed to encompass other provisions of General Order 107 that were not mentioned in the Loudermill notice.
13 the district court' s determination that the sixty- day rule was violated, we conclude
that the district court reached the correct result.
CONCLUSION
For the above reasons, we convert this appeal to an application for a
supervisory writ, grant the writ, and affirm the judgment of the district court
reversing the August 30, 2018 decision of the Baker Municipal Fire and Police Civil
Service Board. All costs of this appeal, in the amount of $1, 949. 00, are assessed
against appellants.
APPEAL CONVERTED TO SUPERVISORY WRIT; WRIT GRANTED; AND JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.