Adam Galaviz Apodaca, Jr. v. Nikki Lynn Apodaca

• Court: Court of Appeals of Texas
• Decided: May 10, 2007
• Docket: 09-06-00274-CV
• Status: Published

Opinion

In The

Court of Appeals

Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont

____________________

NO. 09-06-274 CV

ADAM GALAVIZ APODACA, JR., Appellant

V.

NIKKI LYNN APODACA, Appellee

On Appeal from the 279th District Court

Jefferson County, Texas

Trial Cause No. F-194311

MEMORANDUM OPINION

This appeal involves a father's rights to post-divorce possession of his children. The father contends that the trial court erroneously denied his request for expanded mid-week visitations with his school-aged children. We affirm.

Background

In 2005, appellant Adam Galaviz Apodaca, Jr. (Adam) and appellee Nikki Lynn Apodaca (Nikki) both sued for divorce. The Apodacas have three children; two of the children are enrolled in school and the third is a pre-schooler. The divorce decree provides that Adam and Nikki are joint managing conservators and that Nikki has the right to establish the children's primary residence.

After mediation, Adam and Nikki agreed to all of the decree's possession terms, except one. They could not agree on when Adam would return the two school-aged children from his mid-week visitations (the second and fourth Thursday nights) when Friday falls on a holiday. When Fridays are school holidays, Adam wants to keep the children until school resumes on Monday. At the mediation, Adam and Nikki agreed to allow the trial court to "clarify" this issue. ⁽¹⁾ According to Adam, possession during two weekends a year is at issue in this dispute.

After a hearing, the court ordered that Adam have the children on the second and fourth Thursday evenings and return them on Friday holidays at the time school would normally start on non-holiday Fridays. The court instructed Adam's attorney to prepare the decree. ⁽²⁾

On appeal, Adam's sole issue contends that the trial court erred as a matter of law by interpreting Family Code section 153.312 "to reduce the amount of time that [he] should have possession of his children absent a finding that such reduction in time would be in the best interest of the children." Adam does not assert any legal or factual sufficiency issues. Section 153.312 establishes the standard possession order's terms for parents who reside within 100 miles of their children. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 153.312 (Vernon Supp. 2006). Section 153.312 (a)(2) addresses Adam's issue as follows:

(2) on Thursdays of each week during the regular school term beginning at 6 p.m. and ending at 8 p.m., or, at the possessory conservator's election made before or at the time of the rendition of the original or modification order, and as specified in the original or modification order, beginning at the time the child's school is regularly dismissed and ending at the time the child's school resumes, unless the court finds that visitation under this subdivision is not in the best interest of the child.

Id. § 153.312 (a)(2) (emphasis added).

To support his argument that the trial court erroneously interpreted the statute, Adam directs us to comments made by the trial court at the hearing's conclusion. The trial court stated:

If it is not the petitioner's weekend, he'll have them Thursday night until the time school would normally start on Friday[.]

I don't believe that the Code was intended to give that person -- whoever it is -- an additional weekend visitation; and I do feel like it's more in line with 153.315, which will control, which specifically says, we're talking about weekend visitations here; okay? So, if you guys want to do an agreement that he can have the Friday, because you got an extra day up for grabs there? That's fine. But the Order of the Court is Thursday night until school starts on Friday morning. ⁽³⁾

While Adam contends the trial court erred in denying the possession he sought, he did not

request that the court state specific reasons for its decision. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 153.258 (Vernon 2002). ⁽⁴⁾

Standard of Review

"Requiring a court to state specific reasons for variance is functionally equivalent to making findings of fact. Accordingly, we apply the same standard of review when a party fails to request specific reasons for the variance under section 153.258 as when a party fails to make a request for findings of fact under Texas Rules of Civil Procedure 296 through 299." In re T.J.S., 71 S.W.3d 452, 458-59 (Tex. App.-Waco 2002, pet. denied) (citing Jacobs v. Dobrei, 991 S.W.2d 462, 464 n.2 (Tex. App.-Dallas 1999, no pet.)).

When a party does not request findings of fact or conclusions of law, we presume the trial court made all of the findings necessary to support its judgment. Holt Atherton Indus., Inc. v. Heine, 835 S.W.2d 80, 83 (Tex. 1992); Roberson v. Robinson, 768 S.W.2d 280, 281 (Tex. 1989). If "the appellate record includes the reporter's and clerk's records, these implied findings are not conclusive and may be challenged for legal and factual sufficiency in the appropriate appellate court." BMC Software Belgium, N.V. v. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d 789, 795 (Tex. 2002).

Analysis

For purposes of this analysis, we assume, but do not decide, that the language of Family Code section 153.312 allows a conservator expanded visitation as asserted by Adam unless the trial court finds such visitation is not in the children's best interest. Adam contends that when his return of the children falls on a Friday holiday, his visitation should begin when school is dismissed on Thursday and end when school resumes on Monday.

In this case, however, Adam did not request that the trial court make specific findings under section 153.258. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 153.258. Further, we may not consider the trial court's oral comments as findings of fact or conclusions of law. See In the Interest of W.E.R., 669 S.W.2d 716, 716 (Tex. 1984); see also In re Doe 10, 78 S.W.3d 338, 340 n. 2 (Tex. 2002). Instead, we must presume the trial court made all of the findings necessary to support its judgment. See In re T.J.S., 71 S.W.3d at 459; see also Heine, 835 S.W.2d at 83. Because the trial court denied Adam's request for expanded visitation, we presume the trial court found the visitation would not be in the children's best interest. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 153.312; Heine, 835 S.W.2d at 83; In re T.J.S., 71 S.W.3d at 459.

When, as here, the appellate record contains the reporter's and clerk's records, the appellant may attack any implied findings for legal and factual sufficiency. Heine, 835 S.W.2d at 84 (citing Roberson, 768 S.W.2d at 281 (Tex. 1989)). However, Adam did not challenge the trial court's implied findings. Absent a challenge, an appellate court may not consider whether there is legally or factually sufficient evidence to support the trial court's judgment. See Pat Baker Co. v. Wilson, 971 S.W.2d 447, 450 (Tex. 1998) ("It is axiomatic that an appellate court cannot reverse a trial court's judgment absent properly assigned error.").

Accordingly, we overrule Adam's sole appellate issue. The trial court's judgment is affirmed.

AFFIRMED.

____________________________

HOLLIS HORTON

Justice

Submitted on February 1, 2007

Opinion Delivered May 10, 2007

Before McKeithen, C.J., Gaultney and Horton, JJ.

1. In pertinent part, the mediation agreement states:

Petitioner will pick all three children up at the residence of Respondent at 4:30 p.m. on the 2^nd & 4^th Thursday of each month and will return the two oldest children to their school at the time the children's school is resumed; however, Petitioner will return [the pre-school-aged child] to the residence of Respondent on the Friday immediately following the 2^nd & 4^th Thursday of each month by 8 a.m. . . . Parties will clarify with court as to whether the return of children when school resumes means return on Friday when there is a Friday holiday or return on Monday for 2^nd & 4^th weekend.

2. The final divorce decree, in pertinent part, provides:

Beginning at 4:30 p.m. on the second and fourth Thursdays of each month and ending at the time the children's school is scheduled to resume, except for a Friday holiday following a second or fourth Thursday of the month, this period of possession shall end at the time school normally resumes on the Friday holiday, following the second or fourth Thursday.

3. Section 153.315 is entitled "Weekend Possession Extended by Holiday." Subsection (a) provides:

(a) If a weekend period of possession of the possessory conservator coincides with a school holiday during the regular school term or with a federal, state, or local holiday during the summer months in which school is not in session, the weekend possession shall end at 6 p.m. on a Monday holiday or school holiday or shall begin at 6 p.m. Thursday for a Friday holiday or school holiday, as applicable.

Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 153.315(a) (Vernon 2002).

4. Section 153.258 provides:

Without regard to Rules 296 through 299, Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, in all cases in which possession of a child by a parent is contested and the possession of the child varies from the standard possession order, on written request made or filed with the court not later than 10 days after the date of the hearing or on oral request made in open court during the hearing, the court shall state in the order the specific reasons for the variance from the standard order.

Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 153.258 (Vernon 2002) (emphasis added).