COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Chief Judge Huff, Judges Beales and Decker Argued at Salem, Virginia UNPUBLISHED
ADAM CHRISTOPHER ARMSTRONG MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 0141-18-3 JUDGE RANDOLPH A. BEALES OCTOBER 30, 2018 KRISTY MARIE ROADCAP
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY Bruce D. Albertson, Judge
Shelly R. James (John Elledge & Associates, on briefs), for appellant.
Derrick W. Whetzel (GravesWhetzel Law, PLLC, on brief), for appellee.
On January 3, 2018, the Rockingham County Circuit Court entered a protective order
against Kristy Roadcap (“mother”) prohibiting “acts of family abuse or criminal offenses that result
in injury to person or property” and prohibiting contact of any kind with Adam Armstrong
(“father”). Father argues on appeal that the “trial court erred when it failed to include the parties’
child in the protective order that was issued by that court because the evidence was sufficient to
prove that such relief was needed to protect the child.”
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. I. BACKGROUND1
Father and mother were married on May 16, 2015, and their daughter was born in the
summer of 2016.2 During their marriage, father and mother separated and subsequently
reconciled numerous times, including before and after the child was born. On August 1, 2016,
father and mother signed a custody agreement, giving both parents “shared physical and legal
custody and equal time with [the child].” As the interactions between them became more and
more hostile over time, father on November 27, 2017, filed a petition for a protective order. The
juvenile and domestic relations district court issued a protective order for both father and the
child, prohibiting mother from contacting either of them. Mother appealed to the circuit court.
During the ore tenus hearing before the circuit court on January 3, 2018, regarding father’s
petition for a protective order, both parties provided a considerable amount of testimony
concerning their tempestuous relationship. On that same day, the circuit court issued a protective
order prohibiting mother from contacting father only – not the child. Father subsequently
appealed to this Court the circuit court’s ruling that did not include the child in the protective
order.
In this appeal, we focus on the incidents most pertinent to any potential danger the child
faced from mother’s actions. We note that we can consider only the record before us – i.e., only
the facts presented to the circuit court as of January 3, 2018, that are in the record on appeal.
1 The record in this case was sealed. Nevertheless, the appeal necessitates unsealing relevant portions of the record for purposes of resolving the issues raised by appellant. Evidence and factual findings below that are necessary in order to address the assignment of error are included in this opinion. Consequently, “[t]o the extent that this opinion mentions facts found in the sealed record, we unseal only those specific facts, finding them relevant to the decision in this case. The remainder of the previously sealed record remains sealed.” Levick v. MacDougall, 294 Va. 283, 288 n.1, 805 S.E.2d 775, 777 n.1 (2017). 2 We refer to their daughter in this opinion as “the child,” instead of the child’s actual name, in an attempt to better protect her privacy. -2- Father testified that, on multiple occasions, mother entered his house while the child was
with father – and without father’s permission or invitation. In September 2016, when the child
was with father, mother came to father’s house at 3:00 a.m. and began to knock loudly on his
door. He opened the door to find her drunk and unwilling to leave. She entered his bathroom,
vomited, and, after some time, finally departed. In May 2017, after father answered the door to
find mother there, he testified that mother pushed her way past him to enter the house, made her
way into the living room, and engaged in a conversation during which she stated that she hated
that house and often thought of burning the house down with father and the child in it. However,
in her testimony, mother denied ever threatening to burn down father’s house. 3 Father testified
that in June 2017, after he would not allow mother to enter his house at approximately 5:30 a.m.,
mother called the police, who then came to the house with her, helped provide her entry into his
house, and then allowed her to “take any and everything she wanted.” Father testified that he
was not aware anyone was in his home until he heard footsteps coming up his stairs. Mother’s
testimony regarding this incident was that she sought to retrieve her work laptop and other
belongings from father’s house at approximately 5:30 a.m. after father had forced her to leave
the previous night. When he would not allow her to enter the house or even agree to place her
belongings outside the house for her to retrieve, mother testified that she called the police, who
came to the house and “did stand by” while she entered the home and retrieved her belongings.
Father also testified that mother had been in multiple car accidents since the time he had
known her, including at least one accident in September 2017 that was described by father as a
“car-totaling accident.” When father saw the child after that car-totaling accident, she had a
black eye, which led father to believe she was in the car when the accident occurred. Father
3 Mother was asked, on direct examination, “Have you ever threatened to burn [father’s] house down?” Mother answered “No.” -3- testified that mother denied that the child was in the car when the accident occurred.4 A witness
for mother testified that the child received the black eye as a result of falling out of a chair while
at the beach.
In November 2017, according to both parties’ testimony, mother and father met in a
7-Eleven parking lot to exchange the child. Father was already in the parking lot when mother,
with the child in her car, pulled into a parking space a few spaces away from father’s car. As
father approached mother’s car to retrieve the child, mother quickly exited her car without
putting the car in park. The car lurched forward, moving toward the highway, and mother
jumped back into the driver’s seat and stopped the car. Father then took the child out of
mother’s vehicle and took her with him.
II. ANALYSIS
When reviewing a trial court’s decision on appeal, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party, granting it the benefit of any reasonable inferences. That principle requires us to “‘discard the evidence’” of the appellant which conflicts, either directly or inferentially, with the evidence presented by the appellee at trial.
Congdon v. Congdon, 40 Va. App. 255, 258, 578 S.E.2d 833, 835 (2003) (citations omitted)
(quoting Wactor v. Commonwealth, 38 Va. App. 375, 380, 564 S.E.2d 160, 162 (2002)). In our
review, we are bound by the factual findings of the trial court, and “a trial court’s judgment will
not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Reece v.
Reece, 22 Va. App. 368, 372, 470 S.E.2d 148, 151 (1996).
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Chief Judge Huff, Judges Beales and Decker Argued at Salem, Virginia UNPUBLISHED
ADAM CHRISTOPHER ARMSTRONG MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 0141-18-3 JUDGE RANDOLPH A. BEALES OCTOBER 30, 2018 KRISTY MARIE ROADCAP
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY Bruce D. Albertson, Judge
Shelly R. James (John Elledge & Associates, on briefs), for appellant.
Derrick W. Whetzel (GravesWhetzel Law, PLLC, on brief), for appellee.
On January 3, 2018, the Rockingham County Circuit Court entered a protective order
against Kristy Roadcap (“mother”) prohibiting “acts of family abuse or criminal offenses that result
in injury to person or property” and prohibiting contact of any kind with Adam Armstrong
(“father”). Father argues on appeal that the “trial court erred when it failed to include the parties’
child in the protective order that was issued by that court because the evidence was sufficient to
prove that such relief was needed to protect the child.”
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. I. BACKGROUND1
Father and mother were married on May 16, 2015, and their daughter was born in the
summer of 2016.2 During their marriage, father and mother separated and subsequently
reconciled numerous times, including before and after the child was born. On August 1, 2016,
father and mother signed a custody agreement, giving both parents “shared physical and legal
custody and equal time with [the child].” As the interactions between them became more and
more hostile over time, father on November 27, 2017, filed a petition for a protective order. The
juvenile and domestic relations district court issued a protective order for both father and the
child, prohibiting mother from contacting either of them. Mother appealed to the circuit court.
During the ore tenus hearing before the circuit court on January 3, 2018, regarding father’s
petition for a protective order, both parties provided a considerable amount of testimony
concerning their tempestuous relationship. On that same day, the circuit court issued a protective
order prohibiting mother from contacting father only – not the child. Father subsequently
appealed to this Court the circuit court’s ruling that did not include the child in the protective
order.
In this appeal, we focus on the incidents most pertinent to any potential danger the child
faced from mother’s actions. We note that we can consider only the record before us – i.e., only
the facts presented to the circuit court as of January 3, 2018, that are in the record on appeal.
1 The record in this case was sealed. Nevertheless, the appeal necessitates unsealing relevant portions of the record for purposes of resolving the issues raised by appellant. Evidence and factual findings below that are necessary in order to address the assignment of error are included in this opinion. Consequently, “[t]o the extent that this opinion mentions facts found in the sealed record, we unseal only those specific facts, finding them relevant to the decision in this case. The remainder of the previously sealed record remains sealed.” Levick v. MacDougall, 294 Va. 283, 288 n.1, 805 S.E.2d 775, 777 n.1 (2017). 2 We refer to their daughter in this opinion as “the child,” instead of the child’s actual name, in an attempt to better protect her privacy. -2- Father testified that, on multiple occasions, mother entered his house while the child was
with father – and without father’s permission or invitation. In September 2016, when the child
was with father, mother came to father’s house at 3:00 a.m. and began to knock loudly on his
door. He opened the door to find her drunk and unwilling to leave. She entered his bathroom,
vomited, and, after some time, finally departed. In May 2017, after father answered the door to
find mother there, he testified that mother pushed her way past him to enter the house, made her
way into the living room, and engaged in a conversation during which she stated that she hated
that house and often thought of burning the house down with father and the child in it. However,
in her testimony, mother denied ever threatening to burn down father’s house. 3 Father testified
that in June 2017, after he would not allow mother to enter his house at approximately 5:30 a.m.,
mother called the police, who then came to the house with her, helped provide her entry into his
house, and then allowed her to “take any and everything she wanted.” Father testified that he
was not aware anyone was in his home until he heard footsteps coming up his stairs. Mother’s
testimony regarding this incident was that she sought to retrieve her work laptop and other
belongings from father’s house at approximately 5:30 a.m. after father had forced her to leave
the previous night. When he would not allow her to enter the house or even agree to place her
belongings outside the house for her to retrieve, mother testified that she called the police, who
came to the house and “did stand by” while she entered the home and retrieved her belongings.
Father also testified that mother had been in multiple car accidents since the time he had
known her, including at least one accident in September 2017 that was described by father as a
“car-totaling accident.” When father saw the child after that car-totaling accident, she had a
black eye, which led father to believe she was in the car when the accident occurred. Father
3 Mother was asked, on direct examination, “Have you ever threatened to burn [father’s] house down?” Mother answered “No.” -3- testified that mother denied that the child was in the car when the accident occurred.4 A witness
for mother testified that the child received the black eye as a result of falling out of a chair while
at the beach.
In November 2017, according to both parties’ testimony, mother and father met in a
7-Eleven parking lot to exchange the child. Father was already in the parking lot when mother,
with the child in her car, pulled into a parking space a few spaces away from father’s car. As
father approached mother’s car to retrieve the child, mother quickly exited her car without
putting the car in park. The car lurched forward, moving toward the highway, and mother
jumped back into the driver’s seat and stopped the car. Father then took the child out of
mother’s vehicle and took her with him.
II. ANALYSIS
When reviewing a trial court’s decision on appeal, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party, granting it the benefit of any reasonable inferences. That principle requires us to “‘discard the evidence’” of the appellant which conflicts, either directly or inferentially, with the evidence presented by the appellee at trial.
Congdon v. Congdon, 40 Va. App. 255, 258, 578 S.E.2d 833, 835 (2003) (citations omitted)
(quoting Wactor v. Commonwealth, 38 Va. App. 375, 380, 564 S.E.2d 160, 162 (2002)). In our
review, we are bound by the factual findings of the trial court, and “a trial court’s judgment will
not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Reece v.
Reece, 22 Va. App. 368, 372, 470 S.E.2d 148, 151 (1996). In this case, we note that, although
father prevailed in obtaining the protective order, we consider the evidence in the light most
favorable to appellee, mother, because she prevailed on the issue in the only assignment of error
4 Mother did not testify about this car accident or testify as to whether the child was in the car at the time of the accident. -4- before us – the circuit court’s decision not to include the child in the protective order that it
issued.
The statute dealing with such protective orders authorizes courts to issue protective
orders in order to protect the health and safety of the petitioner and family or household members
of the petitioner. Code § 16.1-279.1. In this case, the circuit court found that both parties had
“substantial credibility issues.” In making its ruling, the circuit court noted that father had a
corroborating witness and noted mother’s “erratic behavior, her emotional outburst, the vitriol
that she shows against [father].” Ultimately, the circuit court found these factors “pushe[d] the
[father] barely over” the threshold required for him to obtain a protective order, emphasizing that
a preponderance of the evidence standard is “as if you’re talking 50.01 percent to 49.99 percent.”
However, the court also stated that it had not heard any evidence to lead it to believe the child
should be included in the protective order.
Considering the evidence in the light most favorable to mother, as we must because she
prevailed below on this issue now on appeal, there is very little in the record to establish a threat
by mother to the child. A statement by mother that she thought of burning father’s house down
with him and the child in it would, of course, be grounds for concern for the safety of the child
(as well as the safety of father). However, mother denied that she made that statement, and
because, as noted supra, we must discard on appeal the evidence of appellant which conflicts
with that of appellee, we cannot assume otherwise on appeal because we are not the factfinder.
While plenty of testimony was provided concerning the hostility of mother towards father, aside
from the denied allegation concerning her threat to burn down father’s house, father makes no
other allegation that is in the record that demonstrates hostility on the part of mother towards her
child since she was born – beyond the hostility that mother has already shown towards father.
Even though mother may be a poor driver or may exhibit poor judgment and hostility in her
-5- interactions with father, we cannot say that the circuit court’s decision not to include the child in
the protective order was plainly wrong.
Finally, appellee requests an award of attorney’s fees incurred on appeal. Considering
the record before us in its entirety, we decline to award attorney’s fees on appeal. See
O’Loughlin v. O’Loughlin, 23 Va. App. 690, 695, 479 S.E.2d 98, 100 (1996).
III. CONCLUSION
In short, on appeal, we must consider the evidence in the light most favorable to mother
as the prevailing party below on the issue now before us. While most of the testimony presented
to the circuit court concerned the volatile relationship and interactions between father and
mother, there was very little evidence presented of any animosity by mother directly toward their
daughter. The circuit court, as factfinder, found that mother’s “erratic behavior, her emotional
outburst, [and] the vitriol that she shows against [father]” just barely merited that father have a
protective order against her. At the same time, however, the circuit court found that both parties
lacked credibility and that there was not enough evidence to also include the child in the
protective order. Because we find that the circuit court’s decision not to include the child in the
protective order was not plainly wrong or without evidence to support it, we affirm the decision
of the circuit court.
Affirmed.
-6-