Abercrombie v. Allstate Insurance Co.

891 S.W.2d 838, 1994 Mo. App. LEXIS 1974, 1994 WL 712721
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedDecember 27, 1994
DocketNo. WD 49061
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 891 S.W.2d 838 (Abercrombie v. Allstate Insurance Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Abercrombie v. Allstate Insurance Co., 891 S.W.2d 838, 1994 Mo. App. LEXIS 1974, 1994 WL 712721 (Mo. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

KENNEDY, Presiding Judge.

Geraldine Abercrombie appeals from a summary judgment in favor of Allstate Insurance Company, in her claim on her homeowner’s policy for partial loss by fire of her residence and its personal property contents, for living expenses and damages for vexatious refusal to pay. The claim was submitted upon reciprocal motions for summary judgment, and the trial court denied Aber-crombie’s and granted Allstate’s.

DAMAGE TO DWELLING

Geraldine Abercrombie on October 13,1990, had a fire which damaged her house at 3537 Mersington in Kansas City, Missouri, but did not destroy it. She had a home [839]*839owners policy issued by defendant Allstate Insurance Company, which insured Mrs. Abercrombie against loss or damage to her house by fire.

The policy provided for an appraisal if the owner and the insurance company failed to agree on the amount of the loss.

Mrs. Abercrombie and the insurance company failed to agree on the amount of the loss, and the appraisal procedure was triggered by Mrs. Abercrombie’s demand therefore.

The appraisers submitted a report specifying the amount of the loss as $52,621.

Mi’s. Abercrombie entered into a contract for repairs to the house in the amount of $52,621, the appraised amount of the loss. The contract, however, called for cheaper windows than those which had been on the house before the fire (and which had been valued in the appraisers’ report), and called for the use of cheaper drywall construction, rather than the more expensive repair of the lathe and plaster which had been used in the house before the fire. The moneys saved by Mrs. Abercrombie in the substitution of these two less expensive items, she applied to other features to make them better than they had been before the fife.

The insurance company paid Mrs. Aber-crombie $36,970. This was $15,651 less than the appraisal. Allstate’s explanation is that its policy required it to pay only “actual cash value” until the house was restored to its pre-fire condition. Mrs. Abercrombie had not restored the house to its pre-fire condition, Allstate said, because she had substituted the cheaper windows for the more expensive, and had used drywall instead of repairing the lathe and plaster. “Actual cash value” was not defined in the policy, but the policy did contain the following provision: “Actual Cash Value. This means there may be a deduction for depreciation.”

Since it makes no difference in the way we decide the case, we accept the $15,651 reduction as representing “depreciation,” although that figure seems to be arbitrary.

The policy language is clear enough. The appraisal provision of the policy says the appraisal amount “shall be the amount of the loss,” and, again, “will determine the amount of the loss.” The preceding section makes it all the clearer. In a section entitled “Our Settlement of Loss,” it says: “We will settle within 60 days after the amount of loss is finally determined. This amount may be determined by an agreement between you and us, an appraisal award or a court judgment.” (emphasis ours.)

How does Allstate attempt to justify this withholding of $15,651 from them insured? It points to section 5 of the policy, entitled “How We Pay for a Loss.” Allstate emphasizes the underlined portions (underlined in Allstate’s brief, not in the policy itself), of that section, which reads as follows:

Payment for covered loss to personal property including carpeting whether or not it is fastened to the residence premises, will be by one of the following methods:
a) Replacement Cost. This means there will not be deduction for depreciation.
Payment will not exceed the smallest of the following amotints:
1) the amount actually and necessarily spent to replace the property with similar property of like kind and quality;
2) the cost of repair or restoration;
3) the limit of liability shown on the declarations page for Personal Property Protection coverage, or any special limit of liability described in the policy.
We will not pay more than the actual cash value of the damaged property until it is repaired, restored or replaced for your use.
Replacement cost settlement will not apply to:
1) antiques, fine arts, paintings, statuary and similar articles which, by their inherent nature, cannot be replaced with new articles.
2) articles whose age or history contribute substantially to them value. This includes but is not limited to memorabilia, souvenirs and collector’s items.
3) property which is obsolete or unusable for the purpose for which it was [840]*840originally intended because of its age or condition prior to the loss,
b) Actual Cash Value. This means there may be a deduction for depreciation.
If you do not repair, restore or replace the damaged or stolen property, payment will be on an actual cash value basis, not to exceed the limit of liability shown on the declarations page for Personal Property Protection coverage, or any special limit of liability described in the policy. You may make any claim for any additional payment on a replacement cost basis if you repair, restore or replace the damaged or stolen property within 180 days of the actual cash value payment.

The “How We Pay for a Loss” provision of the policy is inoperable insofar as it is inconsistent with section 379.150, RSMo 1986. That section reads: “Whenever there is a partial destruction or damage to property covered by insurance, it shall be the duty of the party writing the policies to pay the assured a sum of money equal to the damage done to the property, or repair the same to the extent of such damage, not exceeding the amount written in the policy, so that said property shall be in as good condition as before the fire at the option of the insured.” This section controls over any inconsistent provision of the insurance policy. See, Boren v. Fidelity and Casualty Co. of New York, 370 S.W.2d 706, 709 (Mo.App.1963); Marti v. Economy Fire & Casualty Co., 761 S.W.2d 254, 258-9 (Mo.App.E.D.1988).1

Although she made no express election, it is clear that Mrs. Abercrombie elected the first option, given her by section 379.150, ie., to receive from Allstate “a sum of money equal to the damage done to the property,” rather than to call upon Allstate to restore her damaged and uninhabitable house. This is clear from the fact that she assumed, with Allstate’s acquiescence, the control of the reconstruction project. She selected her own contractor, and entered into a contract with him, by which he obligated himself to do the work, and she obligated herself to pay him the contract amount. Allstate made no overture toward making the repairs itself, nor did it, at any time, indicate that Mrs. Abercrom-bie’s procedure was not in accordance with her rights and Allstate’s.

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Bluebook (online)
891 S.W.2d 838, 1994 Mo. App. LEXIS 1974, 1994 WL 712721, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/abercrombie-v-allstate-insurance-co-moctapp-1994.