Abell v. State

606 S.W.2d 198, 1980 Mo. App. LEXIS 3490
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedAugust 6, 1980
DocketNo. 41894
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 606 S.W.2d 198 (Abell v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Abell v. State, 606 S.W.2d 198, 1980 Mo. App. LEXIS 3490 (Mo. Ct. App. 1980).

Opinions

CRIST, Judge.

Appeal by the state from a ruling on a Rule 27.26 motion wherein movant’s fifty year sentence for the sale of marijuana was vacated and a lesser, ten year sentence, imposed. We reverse and remand with instructions to reinstate the fifty year sentence.

Movant was sixteen years old when first charged in juvenile court with the commission of six felonies in 1974, to-wit: (1) The sale of 100 amphetamine tablets; (2) The sale of 38.5 grams of marijuana; (3) The sale of .15 grams of phencyclidine; (4) The sale of .15 grams of amphetamine; (5) Possession of 76 grams of marijuana; and (6) The purchase and sale of stolen property. At the time, movant had no prior record of drug violations.

Movant was certified to stand trial as an adult on the six aforementioned felonies, and eventually pleaded guilty to those felonies numbered (1) and (2) above. Although a presentence investigation report recommended that probation be denied, on July 24, 1975, the trial judge sentenced movant to five years imprisonment for the amphetamine sale, suspended execution of the sentence and placed movant on five years probation. The trial judge then suspended imposition of the sentence and gave movant five years probation for the charge which stemmed from the sale of marijuana. On September 12, 1975, and again on October 21, 1975, in contravention of the terms of his probation, movant engaged in the felonious sale of yet another controlled substance, specifically, hashish.

Subsequently, on February 2, 1976, mov-ant was brought before the same trial judge for a probation revocation hearing. The judge revoked both probations and sentenced movant to fifty years for the 1974 marijuana sale conviction, said term to be served consecutively with the five year term for the amphetamine sale.1

Movant filed his Rule 27.26 motion and also moved for disqualification of the judge who imposed the fifty year sentence. Mov-ant’s motion to disqualify was granted, as was the state’s motion to disqualify the second judge appointed. A third judge was randomly assigned and it was he who vacated the fifty year sentence and reimposed a lesser, ten year term. This action was predicated upon the stated ground that the fifty year sentence for the sale of marijuana was so excessive as to constitute cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 21 of the Constitution of Missouri. Movant does not contend, nor may it be contended, that his punishment fell outside the limits prescribed by statute. The range of punishment for the sale of marijuana, a Schedule I controlled substance, is not less than five years nor more than life imprisonment. Section 195.200.1(4), RSMo 1975 Supp.

Initially, we note that we are obliged to affirm the ruling of the Rule 27.26 judge unless it appears that his findings, conclusions, and judgment are clearly erroneous. Rule 27.26(j). “Clearly erroneous means the appellate court has a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.” Nelson v. State, 537 S.W.2d 689, 693 (Mo.App.1976). In this particular instance, the mistake committed was the enounced conclusion of the Rule 27.26 judge that the rule in State v. Cook, 440 S.W.2d 461 (Mo.1969) which, “approves any sentence as long as it is within the range of punishment prescribed by the applicable statute .... conflicts with constitutional considerations and is therefore deemed not controlling.” Inasmuch as we believe the Rule 27.26 judge either misapplied or ignored the pertinent and existing case law of this state, it committed error.

[200]*200As we interpret the various cases of this state which recite the appropriate standard of review for sentences allegedly excessive, Cook, supra, indicates a judicial predilection to defer to the right of the legislature to set the range of punishment.2 This predilection might well be likened to the creation of a presumption, i. e., that sentences within the prescribed statutory limits are not excessive. However, the presumption is not irrefutable, and is tempered with some measure of judicial review where the punishment, though within statutory limits for the offense, “is so disproportionate to the offense committed as to shock the moral sense of all reasonable men as to what is right and proper under the circumstances.” State v. Mitchell, 563 S.W.2d 18, 26 (Mo. banc 1978). There is also language in a number of decisions which leaves us with considerable doubt that such a claim (excessive imprisonment within statutory limits constitutes cruel and unusual punishment) may be entertained in the absence of an allegation and accompanying proof that the sentence was the result of the trial court’s prejudice or was induced by corruption. Hill v. State, 543 S.W.2d 809 (Mo.App.1976); State v. McRae, 528 S.W.2d 794 (Mo.App.1975).

In any event, we do not believe that imposition of the fifty year term was a punishment so disproportionate to the offense committed as to shock the moral sense of all reasonable men, in light of the surrounding circumstances. See Whitlock v. State, 538 S.W.2d 60, 61-62 (Mo.App.1976).

We have gleaned a few excerpts from both the original sentencing proceeding and the later probation revocation hearing which we believe aptly demonstrate the trial court’s reasonable approach to the considerations with which it was faced, and which further demonstrate that movant was apprised of the consequences of a probation violation. These excerpts follow:

Sentencing Proceeding
The Court: Do you understand, Mr. Abell, on a plea of guilty, you are facing life imprisonment?
A: Yes, sir.
The Court: Do you understand, that includes any number of years, such as 20, 30, 40, 50 years and so forth?
A: Yes, Your Honor.
* * * * * *
The Court: I am placing you on probation. You are going to have to do six months at Gumbo. The reason for that is, showing anyone also that sells drugs to not go scot free. In addition, you are still facing life imprisonment. Do you understand?
A: Yes, Your Honor. ...
[Defense Counsel]: Do you understand, if he suspends imposition of sentence on this charge, he is not sentencing you at this time, on the second charge. If, in fact, you’d get in trouble after six months in jail or after today, he can sentence you anywhere to life. It simply wouldn’t be five years. .
The Court: Do you understand that?
A: Yes. I don’t know, it is up to you. I can’t really say anything. I’d like to not be doing any time since I have already done six months and go on with my job.
[201]*201The Court: All right. I’m going to give you that chance. You might get a copy of the morning Globe and see yesterday I sentenced a man to 99 years awhile ago.
A: I appreciate the chance.
* * * * * *
The Court: You almost didn’t [get the chance] because the Board recommended against probation.

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Related

State v. Sapp
55 S.W.3d 382 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2001)

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Bluebook (online)
606 S.W.2d 198, 1980 Mo. App. LEXIS 3490, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/abell-v-state-moctapp-1980.